• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2008

Titanium dioxide nanotubes were fabricated by self-organized electrochemical potentiostatic anodization of titanium thin film with an electrolyte solution of sodium sulfate 1M and sodium flouride 0.5wt% aqueous solution at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 20min. Field Emmision Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM) and X-ray Diffractometer(XRD) were used to evaluate the micromorphology and crystalline structure of the titanium dioxide nanotube thin film. Titanium dioxide nanotube were fabricated with diameters approx. 100nm and tube length from appox. 1 $\mu$m. Titanium dioxide films formed through anodization and annealing process at 450$^{\circ}C$ contained a phase of anatase. Also, this study was performed to evaluate the application of titanium dioxide thin film for treating humic acid dissolved in water. The reaction tended to follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics with zero order. Comparative experiments with thin film and anatase powder showed the same zero order kinetics when 0.3g of powder had been used.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.247-258
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the enhancement of water resistance and improvement in adhesion to the skin by combining dextrin palmitate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate coating materials with titanium dioxide. Due to the recent increase in consumers who enjoy outdoor activities, the demand for sunscreen with excellent water resistance is increasing. Prior research was conducted with O/W, Pickering, and W/O/W multiple formulations, but there was a limit to water resistance. The purpose of this study is to develop a complex inorganic powder that can improve water resistance and increase adhesion to the skin to solve this problem. First, we combined dextrin palmitate and isopropyl titanium triisostearate coating materials to form a composite with titanium dioxide. The coating of the inorganic powder was confirmed using FE-SEM and FT-IR analysis. The composite exhibited significantly higher in vitro water resistance compared to other formulations. The hydrophobicity of the coated inorganic powder was compared by measuring the contact angles. When the coated inorganic powder was applied to the W/O sunscreen formulation and the non-coated inorganic powder was applied to the W/O sunscreen formulation as a control, the SPF of the sunscreen containing the coated inorganic powder was higher. These results were the same when observed with a UV camera. Finally the adhesion of the coated inorganic powder to the skin was assessed by applying it to a foundation product. In vivo study, it was observed that the product formulated with the coated powder exhibited less smudging compared to the foundation product formulated with the non-coated powder. The developed inorganic powder in this study demonstrated excellent adhesion to the skin, providing a superior sensory experience, as well as enhanced hydrophobicity and remarkable water resistance effects. In the future, the result of this study is expected to help develop various sunscreen products to improve water resistance.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.1 s.60
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

Oxidation/reduction titrations are important quantitative procedures for many chemicals. Several widely used analytical methods for cosmetic ingredients are based on the redox reactions. In this article, we summarized basic theories of redox titration and applications. Determination of unsaturation properties based on iodine or bromine number, quantitation of hydrogen peroxide or peroxide materials in several cosmetic ingredients and measurement of titanium dioxide, widely used sunscreen agent, in cosmetics are discussed here.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.407-411
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• 2008

Phosphorylation plays the most important role in cell signaling mechanism. Various methods to identify the phosphorylation sites of proteins using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been reported recently. Furthermore, the enrichment strategy such as Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) method should be combined with MS/MS analysis to effectively identify phosphorylation sites. It is necessary to optimize phosphopeptide-enrichment strategy, $TiO_2$ method in this study, due to the low amount of phosphorylated form followed by analyzing them by MS/MS. To evaluate the several conditions to enrich phosphopeptides using $TiO_2$ method, we used ${\apha}$-casein as a standard phosphoprotein and analyzed a representative phosphopeptide (VPQLEIVPNpSAEER) peak of MS spectrum. Batch is better than column method for binding and 300 g/l DHB in loading buffer is better than lower concentration of DHB. 3% TFA and pH 10.5 shows high efficiency of phosphopeptide-enrichment for washing and elution steps, respectively. Finally we identified various efficient conditions of phosphopeptide-enrichment method using $TiO_2$. This optimized method would assist in reliable identifying thousands of phosphorylation sites existed in low abundance from various complex proteins.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.664-669
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• 2018

To observe the relationship between the oxygen vacancy and electrical characteristics of $TiO_2$ due to the $CO_2$ gases, the $TiO_2$ were deposited by the mixing gases of $Ar:O_2=20$ sccm:20 sccm and annealed with various temperatures. The bonding structure was changed with the annealing temperature from amorphous to crystal structure, and the oxygen vacancy was also changed with these bonding structures. The $CO_2$ gas reaction of $TiO_2$ films showed the variation in accordance with the bonding structure. The capacitance increased at the amorphous structure $TiO_2$, and the current also increased. However the oxygen vacancy decreased at this amorphous structure $TiO_2$. Because of the formation of oxygen vacancies is in inverse proportion to the amorphous structure. Moreover, the diffusion current in the depletion layer such as the amorphous structure showed the difference in accordance with the $CO_2$ gas flow rates.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1517-1527
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• 2020

This study is about the UV protection effect and water resistance of a multiple emulsion (W/O/W) sunblock cream applied with emotional engineering and reports an actual industrial case. Multiple emulsion system of sunblock cream has the characteristics of changing to a W/O type that is soft and moist when applied, and has excellent water resistance after absorption. Multiple emulsion cream is a highly functional sunblock cream that has both moisture and water resistance. It is a stable milky white cream with a viscosity of 36,000 cps. The organic sunscreen used for the sunscreen was ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate and bisethylhexyloxyphenolmethoxyphenyltriazine. Hexagonal zinc oxide and titanium dioxide that block both UVB and UVA were used. As a result of measuring the UV protection effect by the in-vitro method, the UV protection effect (SPF) is 78.9 for multiple emulsion cream, 76.7 for W/O cream, and 71.3 for O/W cream. It was found that the blocking effect was different. This obtained the highest effect value in the multiple emulsion. As a clinical (in-vivo) result of the UV protection effect, the SPF value representing the UV protection effect of the sunblock cream developed with a multiple emulsion system was 85.7, and the PA-value that blocks the UVA area was 26.5, and ++++. It was found that it has a corresponding high blocking effect. As a result of the water resistance test, the W/O/W formulation had a high waterproofing resistance of 93.8% even after 4 hours, W/O had 75.4%, and O/W had a low water resistance of 25.3%. In the results of the HUT test, it was found in the order of multiple emulsion sun block cream > hydrophilic cream > lipophilic cream. Based on the research results of this multiple emulsion, it is expected to be highly active as a sunblock cream dedicated to outdoor activities by improving the feeling of use, UV protection index, and water resistance. Therefore, in this study, a multiple emulsion system of sunblock cream is developed and has a characteristic that changes to a W/O type that has a soft and moist feeling when applied, and has excellent water resistance after absorption.