• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.662-669
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• 2005

Nuclear factor I (NFI) exists in the odontoblast and osteoblast. NFI-C null mice demonstrated aberrant odontoblast differentiation, abnormal dentin formation, and molar lacking roots. The purpose of this study was to examine phenotype of the aberrant odontoblast in NFI-C null mice and to evaluate the expression of DSPP and BSP mRNAs in NFI-C null mice with in-situ hybridization. The results were as follows: 1. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the crown dentin of molar showed normally formation, but there was no root dentin. 2. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the labial dentin of mandibular incisors showed relatively a lot of dentin formation, but the lingual dentin showed defect. 3. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the odontoblast of mandibular incisors revealed abnormal shape and trapped in osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. 4. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the odontoblast in the crown dentin of molars showed strong expression of DSPP, the odontoblast in the root dentin of molars was not expression of DSPP. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice the odontoblast in the mandibular incisors showed weekly expression of DSPP 5. In the wild mice, the odontoblasts of mandibular incisors were not expression of BSP, but in the NFI-C (-/ -) mice the odontoblast of mandibular incisors showed strong expression of BSP These results suggest that odontoblast in the NFI-C (-/-) mice changes the phenotype into osteoblast.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1607-1611
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• 2011

To analyze the role of Bombyx mori transferrin (BmTf) in response to microbes or oxidative stress, we investigated the level of BmTf transcripts in B. mori treated with various microbes and oxidative stress inducers. BmTf mRNA was mainly expressed in the epidermis and fat in the bodies of B. mori injected with Escherichia coli, and up regulated in response to microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, but was hardly altered in response to oxidative stress inducers such as $H_2O_2$, Cu, or $FeCl_3$. We also confirmed that BmTf mRNA expression was increased in Bm5 cells treated with ERK, PLC, PKA, PI3K, MAPK, or JNK inhibitors, respectively. To identify the major inducer of BmTf expression, we analyzed the amount of serum iron in the hemolymph of B. mori after injection or feeding with E. coli or $FeCl_3$. The results showed that the amount of serum iron was not changed by injection and feeding with E. coli, although BmTf mRNA was increased by injection with E. coli. On the contrary, injection and feeding with $FeCl_3$ significantly increased the amount of serum iron, although they did not alter the BmTf mRNA level. On the basis of these results, we assume that up-regulation of BmTf in B. mori is closely related to the defense of microorganism, and BmTf may be expressed at the basal constitutive level when it plays a role in iron metabolism by maintaining iron homeostasis and in the insect defense mechanism against oxidative stress.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2006

Peroxisome proliferatorr-activated receptor-gamma $(PPAR{\gamma})$ must form a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor (RXR) to bind DNA, and its transcriptional activity is thought to be maximized by ligands specific for either receptor. Activated $(PPAR{\gamma})$ and $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligands may influence tumor growth through regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our aim in this study was to determine whether co-stimulation with the $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligand, ciglitazone, and RXR ligand can synergistically upregulate PTEN in human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells and consequently potentate the inhibition of cell growth and cell cycle progression of these cells. Human leukemia cell line, HL-60 cells were exposed to all-trans-retinol and ciglutazone. The PTEN expression was measured as the level of PTEN mRNA expression by RT-PCR and as the level of PTEN expression by western blot analysis. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by a propidium iodide (PI) staining method and analyzed with a FACScan. The $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligand, ciglitazone, and the RXR ligand, retinoic acid, upregulated PTEN expression by HL-60 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners, respectively. This was significantly enhanced by a combination of both ciglitazone and retinoic acid. Moreover, these compounds synergistically induced arrests of both cell growth and the $G_l$ phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the activation of the $(PPAR{\gamma})$:RXR heterodimer may represent a regulatory pathway for human leukemia cells and there may be important roles for $(PPAR{\gamma})$ and RXR ligands in prophylactic and therapeutic approaches fur controlling leukemia through the upregulation of PTEN.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.398-404
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• 2010

We fabricated sponge and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) scaffolds impregnated demineralized bone particle(DBP)(DBP/PLGA) and investigated proper condition to proliferation and phenotype maintenance of intervertebral disc(IVD) cells by comparison between DBP/PLGA scaffold and DBP sponge. DBP/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting/salt leaching. Human IVD cells were seeded in scaffolds of two types. Cell viability and proliferation according to scaffolds were analyzed by WST assay and SEM. RT-PCR was assessed to measure mRNA expression of aggrecan and type II collagen of human IVD cells. In WST assay results, cell viability in scaffolds impregnated DBP/PLGA scaffold were higher than DBP sponge. We could observe that disc cell mRNA expressed better in DBP/PLGA scaffold than DBP sponge. We concluded that the using of DBP/PLGA in terms of scaffold fabrication for bio-disc with human IVD cells is helpful growth of disc cells maintenance of phenotypes.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2001

Seasonal changes and circadian rhythm of plasma prolactin(PRL) concentration in mammals are mediated by melatonin. Pinealectomy or denervation of the pineal gland produces an increase in plasma PRL level. In the rat placenta several members of the PRL family gene are expressed during the late pregnancy. However, the full spectrum of their expression mechanisms and regulatory factors are not elucidated yet. Present study aimed to investigate the local expression of the melatonin receptor la(Me $l_{la}$ ) gene and the effect of melatonin on expression of prolactin-like protein A(PLP-A), a member of the PRL-family gene in the rat placenta. According to the RT-PCR, northern blot and in situ hybridization experiments, Me $l_{la}$ gene was locally expressed in the rat placenta, Me $l_{la}$ mRNA was localized mainly in the placental junctional and labyrinth zones. Interestingly, junctional zone of the placenta showed strong expression of Me $l_{la}$ at daytime(16:00) than at nighttime(22:00). Melatonin agonist, chlorornelatonin decreased the PLP-A mRNA levels in the rat placenta. These results suggest that melatonin coupled with Me $l_{la}$ , may act as a regulation factor that mediates the expression of the PLP-A gene in the rat placenta.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2009

The estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are a group of nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. ERRs and estrogen receptors (ERs) have overlapping affinities for coactivators and DNA binding sites, but differ markedly in ligand binding and activation. The three mammalian ERR genes have been implicated in diverse physiological processes ranging from placental development to maintenance of bone density, whereas the molecular diversity, function, and regulation of ERRs in non-mammalian species are not well understood. In the present study, to investigate the involvement of ERR in transcription and embryogenesis in marine invertebrates, a cDNA encoding ERR (SnERR) was cloned from the gonad in Strongylocentrotus nudus, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amino acid sequence of SnERR showed high homology with that of S. purpuratus (91%). A phylogenetic tree clearly showed that SnERR is a member of the ERR family and clustered in echinodermata group as supported by a high bootstrap value. We examined gene expression of SnERR during embryonic development of S. nudus using real-time PCR. During the embryonic development, the mRNA of ERR was significantly high levels in early development stages (4~64 cell) and larval stages. The SnERR slightly activated transcription through the classical estrogen response elements (EREs) in the presence of genistein. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ coactivator (PGC)-$1\alpha$ knwon as a coactivator of ERR enhanced the snERR-mediated transactivation, suggesting that the PGC-$1\alpha$ is a coactivator of SnERR.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2014

Red ginseng (RG) contains specific ginsenosides (Rg2, Rg3) which show various pharmacological effects and absorption rate in the body better than panax ginseng. Therefore many people have been used it for health for a long time. Furthermore, many researchers have been studying its biological activities for a long times because fermentation generates lots of beneficial small molecules good for health. In this study, we fermented red ginseng with mycelium of Leatiporus sulphures var. miniatus for 7 days. As a result, we found that three ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb2 were decreased from 0.24, 0.25, 0.16 mg/g to 0.12, 0.1, 0.03 mg/g respectively HPLC analysis. In addition, we studied biological activities of fermented red ginseng (FRG) about skin ageing such as anti-inflammation, cell migration, anti-oxidation, collagen type 1 synthesis, and MMP-1 inhibition activities. As a result, FRG were shown higher anti-inflammatory and cell migration promoting activities than RG. FRG inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and decreased interleukin (IL)-6 induced by LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, this study suggest that FRG could be a potential source as a new natural anti-inflammatory agent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

$C/EBP{\beta}$ and $C/EBP{\delta}$ are required for the initiation of adipogenesis and induce the expression of key adipogenic regulators, such as $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$. In the present study, we have examined the effects of silibinin and its possible molecular mechanisms in regulating adipocyte differentiation and expression of $C/EBP{\beta}$ and $C/EBP{\delta}$ in the early stage of adipogenesis. Silibinin statistically significantly inhibits intracellular lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of various genes involved at different stages during adipogenesis. Silibinin also suppresses expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid binding protein 4 (AP2), and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the anti-adipogenic effect of silibinin seems to originate from the ability to inhibit the expression of $C/EBP{\beta}$ and $C/EBP{\delta}$. Furthermore, silibinin decreases cell viability for differentiation period and induces apoptotic cell death through capspase-3 activation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2018

Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has been widely explored for its medicinal applications. However, most of the studies had targeted the green tea leaf, while other parts remained unexplored. In this study, protective effect of green tea root extract on Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEKs) against the damage induced by an external stimulant (PM2.5) was confirmed. Thirty-year-old green tea root samples were collected from Amorepacific's Dolsongi tea field and green tea root extract was prepared with 70% ethanol. Total crude saponin content in green tea root extract was 54%, which is much higher than that in ginseng extract. Our results suggest that green tea root extract can be used as a natural surfactant in cosmetics. For evaluating its protective effect against the damage induced by PM2.5, IL-36G was used as a biomarker. IL-36G mRNA expression level increased remarkable upon PM2.5 treatment in NHEKs. Moreover, IL-36G was recently reported to be expressed in psoriasis lesions. Results showed significant decrease of IL-36G expression by treatment of green tea root extract. In conclusion, thirty-year-old green tea root extract can be used as a natural surfactant with a high saponin content and may have protective effect against the damage induced by PM2.5.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.364-370
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• 2014

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in maintaining a healthy retina and the degeneration of RPE caused a number of retinal diseases. The transplantation of RPE has recently become a possible therapeutic modality for retinal degeneration. To transplant RPE cells securely, substrates are essential, and then as a substrate, we fabricated films using silk that has unique mechanical properties and biocompatibility. After the FTIR spectra, contact angle and biodegradation of silk films were confirmed, RPE cells were seeded and the influence of RPE cells on silk films was examined. We measured the cell adhesion, cell viability, morphology and specific mRNA expression by MTT assay, SEM, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. In this study, we confirmed that attachment, proliferation and phenotype maintenance of RPE cells cultured on silk films were great, and thereby we were able to confirm the potential applications of silk films as tissue engineering carrier for regeneration of retina.