• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.618-626
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• 2010

Matroclinal inheritance of morphological characters in interspecific crosses of Rosa spp. can be influenced by cytoplasmic inheritance, apomixis, and asynaptic heterogamy. In asynaptic heterogamy, which is often observed from interspecific crosses of Rosa sect. $Caninae$, the polyploidy of the seed parent (especially for 5x=35) is recovered in the progeny through the pollens that include only a set of bivalents (x=7) and egg cells that contain a set of bivalents (x=7) and other univalents (3x=21). In this study, we investigated the causes of matroclinal offsprings observed from reciprocal crosses of tetraploid cut rose cultivars ($Rosa$ $hybrida$ L.) by analyzing EST-SSR marker distribution in the progeny populations. From EST-SSR marker analysis of eight offsprings per six reciprocal crosses among six cultivars, cases of cytoplasmic inheritance were not observed. Apomixis was also very rare as compared to the reports on interspecific crosses of sect. $Caninae$; only one apomitic plant was identified from the cross 'Redtem' ${\times}$ 'Red Sandra'. Although a clear-cut pattern of asynaptic heterogamy was not found, cultivar-specific marker transmission skewed to seed parent in four cultivars implied that genetic inheritance can be highly influenced by the seed parent depending on crosses among cut rose cultivars; especially, 10 out of 11 alleles specific to 'Yellow King' distributed in progenies at higher ratios when the cultivars were crossed as the seed parent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.703-708
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• 2015

Hox genes encode a highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors controlling vertebrate pattern formation along the anteroposterior body axis during embryogenesis. Retinoic acid (RA) is a key morphogen in embryogenesis and a critical regulator of both adult and embryonic cellular activity. Specifically, RA regulates Hox gene expression in mouse- or human-derived embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells. Histone modification has been reported to play a pivotal role in the process of RA-induced gene expression and cell differentiation. As histone modification is thought to play an essential role in RA-induced Hox gene expression, we examined RA-induced initiation of collinear expression of Hox genes and the corresponding histone modifications in F9 murine embryonic teratocarcinoma (EC) cells. Hox expression patterns and histone modifications were analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR, RNA-sequencing, and chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP)-PCR analyses. The Hoxc4 gene (D0) was initiated earlier than the Hoxc5 to –c10 genes (D3) upon RA treatment (day 0 [D0], day 1 [D1], and day 3 [D3]). The Hox nonexpressing D0 sample had a strong repressive marker, H3K27me3, than the D1 and D3 samples. In the D1 and D3 samples, reduced enrichment of the H3K27me3 marker was observed in the whole cluster. The active H3K4me3 marker was closely associated with the collinear expression of Hoxc genes. Thus, the Hoxc4 gene (D1) and all Hoxc genes (D3) expressed H3K4me3 upon transcription activation. In conclusion, these data indicated that removing H3K27me3 and acquiring H3K4me3 regulated RA-induced Hoxc gene collinearity in F9 cells.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2010

We have attempted to verify 30 strains of Hypsizigus marmoreus from various mushroom stocks in Korea using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) methodology. Chromosomal DNAs of them were extracted and subjected to PCR analyses with 3 random primers. Each PCR produced approximately 30 distinct PCR bands with the size from 200 bp to 3000 bp. A dendrogram was acquired using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering methodology on the basis of the DNA band pattern. The analysis revealed that 30 strains of H. marmoreus were clustered into two distinct clusters. Cluster 1 contained 3 subgroups while the cluster 2 consisted of rather diverse strains. Interestingly, Hm3-10, a wild strain collected from Deog-Yu mountain, was not included in either clusters, indicative of uniqueness of this strain. We nextly attempted to develop strain-specific DNA markers to verify a specific strain. A unique band in the RAPD gel lane of Hm0-4 was extracted and its sequence was determined. PCR with a primer set from the determined sequence revealed that the primer set gave a 250 bp DNA band only for Hm0-4, indicating that this approach works well for the strain-specific identification of H. marmoreus.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 2015

Citrus is an economically important fruit tree with the largest amount of fruit production in the world. It provides important nutrition such as vitamin C and other health-promoting compounds including its unique flavonoids for human health. However, it is classified into the most difficult crops to develop new cultivars through conventional breeding approaches due to its long juvenility and some unique reproductive biological features such as gamete sterility, nucellar embryony, and high level of heterozygosity. Due to global warming and changes in consumer trends, establishing a systematic and efficient breeding programs is highly required for sustainable production of high quality fruits and diversification of cultivars. Recently, reference genome sequences of sweet orange and clementine mandarin have been released. Based on the reference whole-genome sequences, comparative genomics, reference-guided resequencing, and genotyping-by-sequencing for various citrus cultivars and crosses could be performed for the advance of functional genomics and development of traits-related molecular markers. In addition, a full understanding of gene function and gene co-expression networks can be provided through combined analysis of various transcriptome data. Analytic information on whole-genome and transcriptome will provide massive data on polymorphic molecular markers such as SNP, INDEL, and SSR, suggesting that it is possible to construct integrated maps and high-density genetic maps as well as physical maps. In the near future, integrated maps will be useful for map-based precise cloning of genes that are specific to citrus with major agronomic traits to facilitate rapid and efficient marker-assisted selection.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.24-30
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• 2007

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the genetic relation-ships of both taxa of Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans and G. jasminoides for. grandifora. Over the 88 fragments, only one locus (ISSR-11-05) was specific to G. jasminoides var. radicans and only one (ISSR-09-05) G. jasminoides for. grandiflora. Although G. jasminoides var. radicans showed low levels of alleles and Shannon's information index than G. jasminoides for. Grandiflora, however, there was not significant differences (p > 0.05). For both taxa the mean genetic diversity of natural populations was higher than that of cultivation populations. It was suggested that domestication processes via artificial selection do not have eroded the high levels of genetic diversity. ISSR markers were more effective in classifying natural populations of wild G. jasminoides in East Asia as well as cultivated G. jasminoides. The information about the phylogenetic relationship of G. jasminoides var. radicans and its closely related species is very valuable of the systematics of genus Gardenia, the origin of cultivated G. jasminoides, and future G. jasminoides breeding.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.533-540
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the synaptic pattern of NMDA glutamate receptor subtype NMDA R1 on the dendritic arbors of ON-OFF direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DS-RGSs) in developing [(5,10) days postnatal (PN)] mouse retina. Methods: ON-OFF DS-RGCs were injected with Lucifer yellow and the cells were identified by their characteristic morphology. To identify glutamatergic excitatory input from bipolar cell, we used a marker for the membrane traffic motor protein kinesin. Results: We identified DS-RGCs in P5, and P10 mouse retina. The immunofluorescence labeling of NMDA R1 was most prominent in the IPL. Our results showed that their presence upon the entire dendritic arbor of ON-OFF DS-RGCs is without any evidence of asymmetry, which would predict direction selectivity. Conclusions: The glutamatergic input from bipolar cell reveals symmetry pattern in all periods of P5, and P10. The results may suggest that direction selectivity not lies in the specific pattern of NMDA R1 receptors.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Owing to the risk of fetal loss associated with prenatal diagnostic procedures (amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling), noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) is ultimate goal of prenatal diagnosis. The discovery of circulating cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma in 1997 has opened up new probabilities for NIPD by Dr. Lo et al. The last decade has seen great development in NIPD. Fetal sex and fetal RhD status determination by cffDNA analysis is already in clinical use in certain countries. For routine use, this test is limited by the amount of cell-free maternal DNA in blood sample, the lack of universal fetal markers, and appropriate reference materials. To improve the accuracy of detection of fetal specific sequences in maternal plasma, internal positive controls to confirm to presence of fetal DNA should be analyzed. We have developed strategies for noninvasive determination of fetal gender, and fetal RhD genotyping using cffDNA in maternal plasma, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) including RASSF1A epigenetic fetal DNA marker (gender-independent) as internal positive controls, which is to be first successful study of this kind in Korea. In our study, accurate detection of fetal gender through gestational age, and fetal RhD genotyping in RhD-negative pregnant women was achieved. In this assay, we show that the assay is sensitive, easy, fast, and reliable. These developments improve the reliability of the applications of circulating fetal DNA when used in clinical practice to manage sex-linked disorders (e.g., hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), RhD incompatibility, and the other noninvasive pregnant diagnostic tests on the coming soon. The study was the first successful case in Korea using cffDNA in maternal plasma, which has created a new avenue for clinical applications of NIPD.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Protoplasts from cabbage and radish were isolated and fused symmetrically by PEG treatment. The PEG treated mixture of high concentrated protoplasts produced lots of micro-calli after $2{\sim}3$ weeks. The microcalli developed to normal calli and shoots were regenerated from the calli. A total of 218 shoots were regenerated, but none of them contained the NWB-CMS specific DNA marker, indicating that the transfer of the radish NWB-CMS character into cabbage did not occur. However, ISSR analysis revealed that the cell fusion between protoplasts from radish and cabbage was occurred (3 out of 208 plantlet). The fused regenerants possessed the characteristics of source plants used for protoplast fusion. After vernalization, three regenerants were flowered with white petal color as seen in radish. Only three seeds were able to obtain from one regenerant by backcrossing with the cabbage pollen.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 2021

Lentinula edodes is a tetrapolar basidiomycete and its mating type is determined by two unlinked genetic loci, A and B. Theoretically, one dikaryotic strain could produce basidiospores with four different mating types in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Previous studies have described the skewed segregation ratio of mating types among basidiospores of L. edodes. However, they were based only on morphological characteristics, such as clamp connection, to determine mating types. To clarify whether the segregation distortion of mating types is a general phenomenon in L. edodes, we analyzed the mating types of basidiospores obtained from three cultivars of L. edodes using recently developed DNA markers. We found that the skewed segregation of mating types was strain-specific, as reported previously. Among the three cultivars, one cultivar showed balanced segregation, while the other two displayed distorted segregation. We also examined the relationship between mating type and mycelial growth rate of monokaryons derived from each basidiospore. It was found that the monokaryotic mycelial growth rate was related to the A mating type but not to the B mating type. Therefore, homeodomain transcription factor genes that reside on the A locus or other genes linked to the A locus affect the growth rate of monokaryotic mycelia. Considering the importance of mating types in mushroom breeding, this study is informative for establishing an efficient breeding strategy as well as for understanding the mechanism of monokaryotic mycelial growth.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1733-1738
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• 2008

SLC6A18, one of the neurotransmitters, was reported the possible relationship to hypertension, and it contained eight blocks of minisatellites. In this study, SLC6A18-MS5 sequence which showed the highest heterozygosity among seven minisatellites was analyzed using the Transfac software, the putative binding sites for the transcription factor Pax4 and HNF4 were discovered as a result. The HNF4 is involved in the diabetes pathway and suggested the relationship to hypertension. Thus, we investigated the putative functional significance of allelic variation in this minisatellites with respect to susceptibility for hypertension. To address this possibility, we analyzed genomic DNA from the blood of 301 hypertension-free controls and 184 cases with hypertension. A statistically significant association was not identified between the allelic distribution of SLC6A18-MS5 and occurrence of hypertension. We then examined the meiotic segregation of SLC6A18-MS5 and it was transmitted following Mendelian inheritance. Therefore, this locus could be useful markers for paternity mapping and DNA fingerprinting. Moreover, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the genomic sequence to address the evolutionary events of these variable repeats. SLC6A18 minisatellites regions are only conserved in human and primates. This result suggestedthat intronic minisatellites analysis is powerful evolution marker for the non-coding regions in primates and can provide a great insight to the molecular evolution of repeated region in primates.