• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2010

GM 들잔디의 환경위해성평가는 유전자변형생물체의 국가간이동등에 관한 법률 (2008년)에 안전관리 및 시험평가가 수행되었다. 일반적으로 GM 작물의 환경위해성평가는 도입 유전자의 안정적 발현여부, 일반적으로 사용되어온 식물과의 실질적 동등성, 화분비산에 의한 유전자이동성 검정, GM재배작물 주변 환경에 미치는 영향, GM작물 및 유전자의 인체 및 동물에 대한 안전성 평가, 위해성 관리 등이 있다. 본 발표에서는 제초제저항성 GM 들잔디를 실용화 하기위한 환경위해성평가의 내용을 소개하기 위하여 GM 들잔디의 안전성평가를 수행한 포장시험에 대해서 간략히 발표하고자 한다. GM 들잔디는 제초제저항성 유전자가 식물체내에 1개의 복제수를 갖으며, 후세대에서도 안정적으로 발현되었다. 또한 TAIL PCR을 통한 도입 유전자의 삽입 부위를 확인하였고, 주변염기서열을 이용한 JG21 들잔디 만의 특이적 염기서열을 얻었다. GM 들잔디의 실질적 동등성검정은 격리온실 수준과 격리포장 수준에 생물학적, 화학적 특성을 조사하였고, 일반 들잔디와 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. GM 들잔디의 화분은 일광조건하에서 약 1시간 이내에 불활성 되었고, 실내의 실온조건에서는 3시간까지 활성이 유지되었다. GM 들잔디 재배포장 ($12m{\times}6m$ 크기)으로부터 화분비산 밀도는 3 m 이내에서 높게 나타났고, 9 m 이상의 거리에서는 낮은 빈도로 일정하게 나타났다. 화분비산에 의한 GM 들잔디 유전자이동성은 근접거리에서 약 15%가 관찰되었고, 반경 3 m 이내에서 거리에 따라서 2 ~ 0.12%의 유전자이동성이 관찰되었다. 각각의 시험모형에 따른 GM 들잔디와 일반들잔디 간의 교잡율을 조사한 결과 들잔디 교잡율은 GM 잔디의 면적과 거리에 의존적이었고, GM 들잔디 면적에 따라서 6-21%의 교잡율이 나타났다. GM들잔디의 인체위해성평가는 독성 및 알레르기 반응성을 검정하였고, 도입유전자 산물인 PAT 단백질은 독성 및 알레르기 반응성이 없음이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 GM들잔디의 독성 및 알레르기 반응성을 검토한 결과 아플라톡신 등의 독성은 검출되지 않았으나, GM과 일반 들잔디 모두에서 화분 알레르기 반응성이 양성으로 나왔다. 그러나 GM들잔디에 도입된 유전자에 의한 알레르기 반응이 아닌 일반들잔디 화분에 가진 알레르겐에 의한 반응성이라 할 수 있다. GM들잔디의 비의도적 방출가능성을 조사하기위하여 시험포장외부의 자연환경에 대해서 환경모니터링을 수행한 결과 GM 들잔디의 유출 및 유전자이동 의한 제초제저항성 들잔디는 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2014

This work deals with the effects of different oligomers, monomers, photoinitiators, and steel plates on the variation of gloss for UV coated steel plates at $20^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ (ASTM D523). The gloss value was more significantly varied with $20^{\circ}$ angle as compared with $60^{\circ}$. No substantial change in gloss was observed for the type of single oligomer; however, the gloss varied with the mixing ratios of oligomers, type and mixing ratio of monomers, type and concentration of photoinitiator, and type of steel plate. The maximum gloss value was observed when the mixing ratio of polyurethane acrylate (UA) to epoxy acrylate (EA) was 70 : 30, the mixing ratio of trimethylolpropantriacrylate (TMPTA) to tetrahydrofurfurylacrylate (THFA) was 5 : 5, the content of the mixed oligomer (UA : EA = 70 : 30) was 90 wt%, respectively. Darocur MBF of liquid type showed better gloss property than the solid type of Irgacure 184, and the gloss was decreased as the concentration of Darocur MBF increased from 1 to 4 wt%. Regarding the type of steel plate, GI steel plate showed better gloss property as compared with EG and primer-coated steel plates. The maximum gloss values of 95 GU and 120 GU, respectively, at $20^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ angles throughout the parametric study in the absence of leveling agents enhancing the gloss.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2013

This paper is a study of an empirical design of an open-ended coaxial cavity resonator. It can be done by using the radius of the inner conductor, the inner radius and the length of the resonator. However, the basic coaxial transmission -line theory can be seen that the characteristics of the resonant frequency and the Q value are varied by the change of length, regardless of the value of radius of the inner conductor and inner radius of the resonator. We find out the impact of radius of the inner conductor, inner radius of the resonator and the length of the resonator parameter and propose the optimized empirical resonator design method by reducing the error between the theoretical value and the design value. Based on the simulation, several resonators are fabricated by the size of 14 mm for the radius of inner conductor, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm respectively for the inner radius of resonator, and 8.5 mm for the length of the resonator. The resonant frequencies of the produced resonators were measured at 6.1, 5.7, 6.5 GHz respectively. According to the result of simulation and measurement, we know that we can design the relatively exact open-ended coaxial cavity resonator by applying the basic coaxial transmission-line theory directly when the length of the resonator is less than 10 mm, and adding the correction factor of 0.5 GHz to the calculated resonant frequency in case of more than 10 mm of the length of the resonator.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.435-441
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of roasting temperatures on the antinutritional factors and functional properties of sesame protein isolates. The protein contents a sesame protein isolates (SPI) prepared at roasting temperatures of 5$0^{\circ}C$, 10$0^{\circ}C$, 15$0^{\circ}C$ and 20$0^{\circ}C$ were 65.5%, 66.6%. 68.9% and 64.1%, respectively. Total phenolic compounds, condensed tannin and phytate contents of SPI was increased from 5$0^{\circ}C$ to 20$0^{\circ}C$. From color measurements, higher roasting temperature decreased 'L' and 'b' values significantly, but 'a' value was increased. The bulk density, fat absorption and water absorption of SPI was increased as the temperature of roasting was increased. Sesame protein isolates prepared by roasting at 5$0^{\circ}C$, 10$0^{\circ}C$ and 15$0^{\circ}C$ had higher emulsifying activity than those prepared by roasting at 20$0^{\circ}C$. Foaming capacity of SPI was not changed by roasting up to 10$0^{\circ}C$, but this property was reduced dramatically when roasted at 20$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.483-490
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• 2014

The design procedures for a biological reactor and a secondary settling tank (SST) of an activated sludge system are based on the steady state design method (Ekama et al., 1986; WRC, 1984) and the 1-D flux theory design method (Ekama et al., 1997), respectively. This study combined both of the design procedures, to determine the optimum sludge concentration in the reactor and the best design with the lowest cost. The best design of the reactor volume and the SST diameter at the optimum sludge concentration were specified with varying wastewater and sludge characteristics, temperature, sludge retention time (SRT) and peak flow rate. The effects of the influent wastewater characteristics, such as substrate concentration and unbiodegradable particulate fraction, were found to be considerable, but the effect of unbiodegradable soluble fraction was to be negligible. The effects of sludge settling characteristics, were also significant. SRT, as an operating parameter, was found to be an important factor for determining the optimum sludge concentration. However, the effect of temperature was found to be small. Furthermore, for designing a large scale wastewater treatment plant, the number of reactors or SSTs could be estimated, by dividing the total reactor volume or SST area. The new combined design procedure, proposed in this research, will be able to allow engineers to provide the best design of an activated sludge system with the lowest cost.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

In situ investigations and laboratory tests using elastic wave have become popular in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. Propagation velocity of elastic wave is the key index to evaluate the ground characteristics. To evaluate this, various methods were used in both time domain and frequency domain. In time domain, the travel time can be found from the two points that have the same phase such as peaks or first rises. Cross-correlation can also be used in time domain by evaluating the time shift amount that makes the product of signals of input and received waveforms maximum. In frequency domain, wave propagation velocity can be evaluated by computing the phase differences between the source and received waves. In this study, wave propagation velocity evaluated by the methods listed above were compared. Bender element tests were conducted on the specimens cut from the undisturbed hand-cut block samples obtained from Block 37 excavation site in Chicago, IL, US. The evaluation methods in time domain provides relatively wide range of wave propagation velocities due to the noise in signals and the sampling frequency of data logger. Frequency domain approach provides relatively accurate wave propagation velocities and is irrelevant to the sampling frequency of data logger.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1983

Classification on the group of Salix pseudo-lasiogyne growing in Korea, was conducted using cluster analysis, factor analysis, and principal component analysis. Thirty-six characters(Table 2) of the 5 basis species were measured. The phenograms and ordination plot showing the relationships between the species were made by applying the cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Five important factors, such as leaf blade width, number of right serration, angle of leaf apex, number of flowers in an ament, and the ratio of petiole length to width, were inferred from the rotated factor matrix, and their state values were presented in polygonal diagram. Salix pseduo-lasiogyne and S. babylonica were similarly correlated and linked in one group, S. dependens and S. matsudana for tortuosa were secondarily linked in the other group. S. koreensis appeared as an aliemated species from each of the two groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1983

Flowering time of Pinus rigida Mill and Pinus taeda L, in an $F_1$-hybrid seed orchard was investigated for five years from 1971 through 1975. The two tree species flowered during late April to early May at the observation site, Flowering patterns of the two species of different sex of the same species changed yearly during the five observation years. Floral development of the two species appeared to depend largely on temperature factor during the period of the initiation of floral organs up to flowering provided that other environmental factors are normal. Six-days difference in flowing time between female inflorescence of pitch (flower later) and male inflorescence of loblolly (flower earlier) pines effectively isolated the two species reproductively on population levels. Not all of selected trees of the two species for their synchronized flowering appeared to be useful as parental trees for the establishment of $F_1$-hybrid seed orchards. With the result from this investigation the author suggested to use a modified simple recurrent selection method for pitch-loblolly hybrid pine breeding.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

The crystal growth of calcite at a low temperature range was carried out by the hydrothermal method using amorphous calcium carbonate which has excellent solubility in water. Amorphous calcium carbonate was prepared by the wet chemical reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of $CaCl_2\;and\;Na_2CO_3$. An important factor was the reaction temperature and time taken in preparation of the amorphous calcium carbonate. From the solubility results calculated by the weight loss method, $NH_4NO_3$ solutions were found to be the most promising solvents to grow calcite single crystals. The hydrothermal conditions for high growth rates of calcite single crystals were as follows: starting material: amorphous calcium carbonate, solvent: 0.01 m $NH_4NO_3$, temperature: $180^{\circ}C$, duration: 30 days. And properties of calcite single crystals were follows: dislocation density: $10^6{\sim}10cm^{-2}$, UV-visible transmittance: about 80% from 190 to 400 nm and birefringence: $0.17{\sim}0.18$. Also, it can be known from the FT-IR results that the absorption peak by injection of $HCO_3^-\;and\;OH^-$ ions was not shown.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2020

This study describes the evaluation results of pile length ratio and N value on the bearing capacity of drilled shafts in cohesionless soil. The bearing capacity ratio in Meyerhof's formula is affected only by the length ratio, and it is equally evaluated a sharing ratio of the end bearing capacity and the skin friction. NAVFAC's formula shows that the pile length influences both end bearing capacity and the skin friction, but pile length is also found to be a more influence factor on the end bearing capacity. Especially, it was found that the effect of pile length factor was larger than the effect of N value and pile diameter. FHWA's formula was evaluated to reflect the influence factor by skin friction more positively than other formulas at calculation the bearing capacity. It was also confirmed that the influence of the skin friction is larger when the ultimate bearing capacity is evaluated.