• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.566-571
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• 2008

Frictional sounds of 8 vapor permeable water repellent fabrics by sound generator were recorded and analyzed through FFT fast Fourier transform analysis. The frictional Sounds were quantified by calculating level pressure of total sound(LPT), the level range(${\Delta}L$) and the frequency difference(${\Delta}f$). Mechanical properties were measured by KES-FB. LPT values of specimens finished wet coating were higher than those of other kinds of finishing. ${\Delta}L$ values of specimens laminated were highest. Absolute values of ${\Delta}f$ were high in the cire finished and laminated specimens. Values for bending rigidity, shear stiffness and energy required for the compression of coated specimens increased compared with the cire finished and laminated specimens. Laminated specimens had high values of frictional coefficient and low values of surface roughness. Relationship between frictional sounds and mechanical properties analysed by use of correlation coefficients and stepwise regression. LPT showed significant correlation with elongation, tensile energy, geometrical roughness, weight and thickness. ${\Delta}L$ was highly correlated with tensile linearity, frictional coefficient, and ${\Delta}f$ with tensile linearity, weight and thickness. LPT were revealed to be explained by elongation and weight. ${\Delta}L$were predicted by tensile linearity, and ${\Delta}f$ by tensile linearity and thickness.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate thermal and water transmission properties of several vapor permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and synthetic battings that became available in recent years. Five VPWR fabrics evaluated were Hipora in three coating variants, $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$ and $Aitace^{\circledR}$. Battings evaluated were $Viwarma^{\circledR}$, $Uniwarmr^{\circledR}$, $Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, and $Airseal^{\circledR}$ Thermal resistance and water vapor transmission were measured for each fabric and batting and in all combinations. Thermal resistance at zero and 37 cm/sec air velocity was determined by the Thermo Labo II technique for simultaneously measuring conduction and radiation heat transfer. Water vapor transmission over 24 hours was measured by a modified weight-gain method in a compact humid chamber at conditions simulating the clothing climate under heavy exercise ($40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $90{\pm}2\%$ R.H., and 0.5 m/sec air velocity). Fabric porosity was calculated from fiber density and fabric weight, thickness, and area. Thermal resistance results for the fabrics showed the effectiveness of coatings in inhibiting heat transfer. Measurements taken in wind were: $31.1\~37.6\%$ for $Hipora^{\circledR}$ variants; $31.0\%$ for $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$; and $18.4\%$ for $Aitaca^{\circledR}$ Measurements without wind were higher but in the same order. Water vapor transmission results were in reverse order: $Aitac^{\circledR}$, $8.8 kg/m^{2};\;Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$, 6.4 kg/$m^{2}$; and $Hipora^{\circledR},\;4.4\~6.0\;kg/m^{2}$. In general thermal resistance increased with porosity. For battings, the thermal resistance with wind results were: $Viwarmu^{\circledR}$, $65.0\%;\; Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, $62.0\%$; $Uniwarm^{\circledR}$, $61.0\%$; and $Airseala^{\circledR},\;53.1\%$. Thermal resistance was proportional to thickness. Thermal resistance of fabric-batting combinations were $20\%$ higher than those of the battings only. Water vapor transmission for combinations was mainly affected by that for the VPWR fabric used.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical thermal resistances and comfort properties of ski wear made with vapor-permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and thermal insulation battings. Four types of experimental clothing were made with the combination of two VPWR fabrics (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}$, Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}$) and two thermal insulation battings ($Viwarm^{\circledR},\;Airseal^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances of ski wear were objectly evaluated by thermal manikin experiment ($21{\pm}\;2^{\circ}C,\;50{\pm}5\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity) and thermographic accessment ($2{\pm}2^{\circ}C,\;0\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity, and emissivity level : 1). Garment wear tests of ski wear included the measurement of the microclimate (inner temp. and relative humidity) of the experimental clothing by digital thermohygrometer and subject wear sensation using McNall's thermal comfort ratings. CBo values of experimental clothing 4 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 1 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$) were significantly higher than those of 2 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 3 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances in the points of breast, back, belly, and loin was significantly higher than those of upper am, fore arm, and shank of measuring points on the thermal manikin. According to the color map of the thermogram, the experimental clothing 4 indicated higher surface temperatures than the others showing more yellowish spots on the surface of clothing. Inner temperature of experimental clothing was not significantly different among the four types of ski wear, but relative humidities of experimental clothing were significantly different. Relative humidities of experimental clothing 1 and 3 showed higher than those of 2 and 4. Relative humidity of experimantal clothing was affected largely by the thermal resis- tance of thermal insulation batting materials. The subject wear sensation of experimental clothing 2 and 4 showed lower humidity than the others. Subject wear sensation was affected more by humidity sensation than by thermal sensation.