• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.443-443
• /
• 2022

적설은 자주는 아니지만 가끔 비교적 넓은 범위에 피해를 발생시킨다. 적설에 의한 피해를 예방하기 위해서는 피해를 유발하는 적설심을 미리 파악해 둘 필요가 있다. 하지만 관측하고 있는 적설심은 특정 관측지점으로 한정되어 피해를 유발하는 한계적설심을 파악하는데 어려움이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위한 일반적인 방법은 관측지점의 적설을 보간하여 공간적으로 확대하는 것이다. 하지만 이것은 매우 적은 자료를 가지고 넓은 영역을 통계적으로 추정해야하는 한계로 인해 피해 유발 한계적설심의 구명에 더 혼란을 주기도 한다. 이를 보완하기 위해서는 넓은 영역을 관측하는 위성영상을 활용할 수 있으며, 그 중에서도 합성개구레이더(Synthetic Aperture Radar; SAR)를 이용한 InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) 기법은 이를 위해 적절한 방법일 수 있다. 영상의 간섭계는 두 개의 다른 시기에 측정된 합성개구레이더 영상의 위상차를 이용한 것으로 일반적으로 다른 조건들이 일치할 때 지형의 변화를 추적할 때 사용되곤 한다. 그런데 만약 두 시기 사이에 특별한 지형적인 변화를 일으키는 요인이 없고 단지 적설만이 존재한다면 두 영상의 위상차는 적설의 효과로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 적설이 전파의 전달경로를 다르게 만들어 위상차를 발생시키는 것으로 가정할 수 있다. 이때 발생하는 위상차는 적설심과 적설의 굴절률에 의해 다를 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 적설 전후에 수집된 인공위성 합성개구레이더 자료의 위상차를 분석한 간섭영상을 이용해 적설심의 공간분포를 추정하여 비교해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 적설에 대한 투과가 가능한 C밴드 레이더를 사용하는 Sentinel-1의 영상을 사용하였다. 적설심의 공간분포는 실제 피해발생지역의 적설심을 보다 정확하게 추정하는데 기여할 수 있으며, 이것은 실제 피해유발적설심을 파악하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 2019

The glass of $BaO-GeO_2-La_2O_3-ZnO$ system with a transmittance of more than 75 % at mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region in the range of $3{\mu}m$ to $5{\mu}m$ is manufactured and its property is evaluated. After selecting construction that can melt glass through flow button test, $BaO-GeO_2-La_2O_3$ system where 10 mol%, 20 mol% of ZnO were added respectively were melted at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and $BaO-GeO_2-La_2O_3$ system of glass was manufactured. Among them, with 20 mol% of ZnO, 16 mol% BaO-56 mol% $GeO_2-8mol%$ $La_2O_3-16mol%$ ZnO system of glass was found to has less than $660^{\circ}C$ of glass transition temperature, more than 1.70 of refractive index, and more than 530 of knoop hardness. Therefore, it is concluded that glass of $BaO-GeO_2-La_2O_3-ZnO$ system of glass with 20 mol% ZnO has good melting conditions at low temperatures and excellent optical properties, thus, can be utilized for special optical materials field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.10
• /
• pp.1423-1430
• /
• 2012

The present study investigated the relationship between physical conditions and sensory properties of red pepper powder stored at different temperatures ($-20^{\circ}C$, $0^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$) and in different wrap materials (linear low density polyethylene, LLDPE; aluminum/linear low density polyethylene, Al/LLDPE). Red pepper powders with initial moisture contents of $17.35{\pm}0.32$% were not affected by the packaging material or storage temperature. Hunter a values of red pepper powder decreased while Hunter b values increased as storage temperature increased. There were no significant differences according to packaging materials. The American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color value ($60.85{\pm}0.13$) significantly decreased with increasing temperature from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$ ($21.70{\pm}0.06$ to $56.03{\pm}0.24$). The ASTA color value of samples packed with LLDPE ($21.70{\pm}0.06$) decreased more compared to samples packed with other materials. Further, capsanthin contents ($13.74{\pm}0.02$ mg/100 g) significantly decreased with increasing temperature from $-20^{\circ}C$ ($0.25{\pm}0.01$ to $0.28{\pm}0.01$ mg/100 g) to $20^{\circ}C$ ($0.13{\pm}0.01$ to $0.25{\pm}0.01$ mg/100 g). In the sensory evaluation of red pepper powder, overall acceptability was influenced by redness, yellowness, and pungency color. All physicochemical and sensory properties of red pepper powder were compared. Hunter a values, ASTA color values, and capsanthin contents were significantly associated with sensory preferences. In particular, ASTA color value showed a close relationship with color preference for red pepper (R2=0.922). Thus, we suggest that the preference for red pepper powder can be determined based on instrumental measurements of Hunter a values, ASTA color values, and capsanthin contents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.595-605
• /
• 2018

In recent years, researches on organic-inorganic coating films have conducted a nanocomposite system composed of organic resin matrices having excellent flexibility and chemical stability and inorganic materials having excellent mechanical properties. The o-phenylphenoxyethyl acrylate (OPPEA) used as the acrylate monomer has a high refractive index of 1.58, and the bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BAEDA) has a low refractive index but improves the chemical stability of the organic resin. In addition, zirconia used as an inorganic material exhibits excellent durability and optical properties. In this study, the BAEDA contents in acrylate monomer were controlled to produce a film with suitable optical transparency. And optimum conditions were established by comparing the changes in surface properties of PET films detected with pencil hardness tester, Abbe's refractometer, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The hydrophobicity and the dispersibility of zirconia in acrylate monomer were much improved after modification with ${\gamma}$-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), which is a silane coupling agent. And the existence of ester C=O bond peak at $1716cm^{-1}$ introduced by MPS through FT-IR ATR spectrophotometer confirmed the completion of surface modification of zirconia with MPS. In addition, the presence of silicon atom on the surface modified zirconia was also proved using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. When the photocurable hybrid coating was prepared by introducing chemically modified zirconia into acrylate monomer, the refractive index of this coated PET film was improved by 1.2%, compared to the only acrylate coated PET film. The homogeneous distribution of zirconia in acrylate coating layer on PET film was also identified through SEM/EDS mapping analysis technique.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 1983

The physicochemical properties of starches isolated from three kinds of waxy ricer were investigated. The average diammeter of Orchal starch granule was 3.6u, and those of Hangang and Baegoon starch granules were 4.8u and 5.6u, respectively. X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples were A types. Optical transmittance of starch suspensions was increased rapidly $60{\sim}62^{\circ}C$, $50{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ and $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ in Olchal, Hangang and Baegoon, respectively, and all of them exhibited maximum transmittance $75{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ in range. Initial gelationization temperature by means of amylogram pattern was $60{\sim}61^{\circ}C$, then, Olchal starch had a little higher temperature than others. Raising power of them was $260\sim220$, and then, Olchal starch has a little higher raising power. But, water binding capacity of Baegoon and Hangang were somewhat higher than that of Olchal. Blue values of Olchal and Hangang were similar with 0.13, and that of Baegoon was 0. 14. Alkari numbers of Olchal, Hangang and Baegoon were 4.2, 4.9 and 5.1. The degree of retrogradation of Hangang and Baegoon starch gels were somewhat higher than that of Olchal starch gel.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.257-261
• /
• 2000

Integumentary system of the polychaete, Perinezeis aibuhitensis was consisted cuticular, epidermal and dermal layers. Excretory pores opened in cuticular layer, which is covered with epicuticular projections. The hemidesmosomes were observed between supporting cell and basal area of cuticular layer. The epidermal layer was consisted supporting cells and unicellular glands. Supporting cell was relatively larger than the other neighbouring cells, and the nucleus had one to two nucleolus. Cytoplasm of the supporting cell had well-developed intracellular organs such as tonofilaments, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula, free ribosomes and pigment granules of electron dense. The gland cells were reacted with blue in AB-PAS, and classified into the three types such as ${\alpha},\;{\beta}\;and\;{\gamma}$ from the transmission electron microscopic observation. Type ${\alpha}$ gland cell was ovoid and the cytoplasm had well-developed tonofilaments and membrane bounded secretory granules of $0.8{\~}1.5 {\mu}m$ in diameter. Type ${\beta}$ gland cell had a large vacuole and secretory granules of $0.5{\~}0.8 {\mu}m$, which scattered evenly in the cytoplasm. Type ${\gamma}$ gland cell had well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi auparatus and secretory granules of $0.2{\~}0.3 {\mu}m$ in diameter. The electron density of this granules was the highest among the granules.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.771-777
• /
• 1999

The structural function of three egg membrane layers and cuticle layer, and the effectiveness of 5 film coatings (chitosan, starch, gelatin, dextrin, mineral oil) on the prevention of Salmonella enteritidis penetration was investigated using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Diameters of outer membrane fibers, inner membrane fibers and limiting membrane particles in eggshell were $1.5{\sim}7.2$, $0.8{\sim}2.0$ and $0.1{\sim}1.4\;{\mu}m$, respectively and average thicknesses were 10.0, 3.5, $3.6\;{\mu}m$, respectively. Average thickness of cuticle layer was $6.0\;{\mu}m$ and cuticle layer covered $40{\sim}80%$ of total eggshell surface. Average coating films thickness for chitosan, starch, gelatin, dextrin and mineral oil were 2.2, 2.5, 3.9, 3.6 and $5.0\;{\mu}m$, respectively. After immersion process eggshell surface was almost completely covered by coating films. Chitosan coating was most effective among 5 film coatings in inhibiting growth of Salmonella enteritidis. Penetration process of Salmonella enteritidis through eggshell was investigated by multicolor imaging using CSLM and plate counting. Cuticle layer was the most important structure in blocking the penetration. Among 5 film coatings, chitosan showed the best and similar effectiveness with cuticle layer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.825-830
• /
• 2007

사면에서 발생되는 강우유출과정에 기여하는 대공극의 영향은 그 중요성에도 불구하고 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 특히 대공극의 공간적분포특상에 대한 현장측정은 이뤄지지 않았다. 본 연구의 실험지역은 경기도 포천시 광릉수목원에 있는 작은 소유역이다. 이 지역의 정밀한 측량을 하여 수치고도모형(DEM)을 얻었다. 이 수치고도모형을 바탕으로 수치지형분석을 통해 흐름선을 파악하여 총 20지점을 선정하였다. 각 지점에서의 대공극을 통한 수직적인 유동들은 장력침투계를 사용하여 지표면아래 깊이 10cm에서 측정하였다. 공간적 토양의 특성분포를 파악하기 위해 각 지점에서의 체적밀도와 점토함량을 조사하였다. 토양수분의 공간적 분포 특성은 TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry)방식인 TRASE를 이용하여 토양수분 값을 얻었다. 이러한 다양한 공간적 특성들은 대공극발달의 공간적 분포특성을 파악하는 중요자료가 된다. 소유역을 크게 기여사면 면적을 기준으로 상부, 중부, 하부로 나누어 대공극의 유효 공극율과 대공극흐름율을 계산하였다. 상부에서의 유효 대공극율의 평균값과 변동계수는 각각 4.3%, 42.1%이고, 대공극흐름율의 평균값과 변동계수는 각각 45.0%, 26.6%이다. 중부에서는 유효 대공극율의 평균값과 변동계수는 6.8%, 37.3%이고, 대공극흐름율의 평균값과 변동계수는 56.2%, 14.4% 이다. 그리고 하부에서의 유효공극율의 평균값과 변동계수는 12.5%, 58.3% 이고 대공극흐름율의 평균값과 변동계수는 64.5%, 24%이다. 이는 유효 대공극율과 대공극흐름율의 비율은 기여사면 면적이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 이는 대공극을 통한 물 이송 능력이 원두부로 갈수록 증가한다는 것을 보여주고 있다.e, taurine, methionine, phenylalanine은 함량(含量)이 적었다. 5. 일건(日乾)중 총유리아미노산의 변화(變化)는 생시료(生試料)의 경우 2,041.2 mg%였으나 1일(日) 건조(乾燥) 후는 1,784.0 mg%로 감소(減少)하다가 그 이후 계속 증가(增加)하여 20일(日) 건조(乾燥) 후는 5,277.0 mg%였다. 6. 일건(日乾)중 leucine, isoleucine, valine은 대체로 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었으나 aspartic acid, proline, taurine은 대체로 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 436.59mg%로 가장 많았고 군유산(軍有山) 차엽(茶葉)이 146.94mg%로 가장 적었으며 일반차엽(一般茶葉)의 평균치(平均値)는 264.59mg%, 용장(龍欌) 차엽(茶葉)이 223.10mg%, Yabukita 차엽(茶葉)이 256.49mg%였다. 7) 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)할 때 용장(龍欌) 차엽(茶葉)은 일반차엽(一般茶葉)과 형질(形質) 뿐만 아니라, 성분(成分)도 다르므로 품종(品種)이 다른 수종(樹種)으로 추정(推定)되며 와운(臥雲) 차엽(茶葉)은 일반차엽(一般茶葉)과 형질(形質)은 다르나 성분상(成分上)의 비슷한 점으로 보아 동일계통(同一系統)의 변이(變異)된 대엽종(大葉種)으로 추정(推定)된다.5(${\pm}0.77$0.77) % 의 오차로 크게 감소하였다. 결론: 방사선이 통과하는 경로에 불균질조직인 폐가 존재할 경우에도 불균질조직에 대하여 조직의 밀도를 이용하여 보정하는 방법을 사용하여 투과선량으로부터 종양선량을 계산할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.X>로 평균$43.26{\m

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.715-718
• /
• 2010

$Cymbidium$ 'Purple Princess' ('Show Girl' x 'Eiko') is a new cultivar having dark purple sepal and petal (RHS, RP59A) with purple lip (RHS, RP59A). A cross was made between pink colored $C.$'Show Girl' as maternal line and dark purple colored $C.$ 'Eiko' as paternal line in 1994. It was preliminarily selected as Line No. 94019267 in 1999 considering the characters of flower shape and color, leaf growing shape and growth habit in normal culture condition. Multiplication, cultivation, and characteristic trials were conducted from 2000 to 2003. The line was named as Wongyo F1-7 and phenotype was characterized in 2004 as a new 'Purple Princess'. 'Purple Princess' has about 13.2 flowers per flower stalk and flower size of 5.2 cm. General appearance of petals and sepals is slightly incurved shape. The plant size is intermediate having erect peduncle. Blooming starts from early December under optimal culture condition. Leaf attitude and twisting is erect and very weak respectively. Erect leaf will be suitable for growing and handling in the nursery as pot orchid flowers.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 1998

Epitaxial ultrathin films of $CoSi_2$ and double heteroepitaxial structure of Si/$CoSi_2$/Si(lll) were prepared on Si(111)-$7\times{7}$ substrate by in situ solid-phase epitaxy in a ultrahigh vacuum(LHV). The phase, chemical composition, crystallinity, and the microsructure of the Si/$CoSi_2$/Si(lll) interface were investigated by 2-MeV $^4He^{++}$ ion backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The growth mode of the Co film was the Stransky-Krastanov type with texture when the substrate temperature was room temperature. A-type $CoSi_2$ ultrathin film was grown by deposition of about 50A Co on Si(ll1)-$7\times{7}$ substrate followed by in situ annealing at $700^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The matching face relationships were $CoSi_2$[110]//Si[110] and $CoSi_2$(002)//Si(002) with no misorientation angle. The A-type $CoSi_2$/Si(lll) interface was abrupt and coherent. The best epi-Si/epi-$CoSi_2$2(A-type)/Si(lll) structure was obtained by deposition of Si film on the CoSii at $500^{\circ}C$ followed by in situ annealing at $700^{\circ}C$ for 10 min in UHV.