• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2001

This study is an attempt to analyze concept of pain and to do it according to a series of concept development processes described by Walker and Avant. Based on the results of the study, the attributes, scope, precedences and consequences of pain were identified : 1. The attributes of pain were subjectivity, unpleasantness, expression, experience, response, and sensitivity. 2. The scope of pain were physical, psychological, and socio-cultural. 3. The following were precedences of pain : 1) Internal or external noxious stimuli 2) actual or potential injury or damage to body and/or mind 3) noxious stimulation or aversive sensation is perceived as pain 4. The following were consequences of pain : 1) physical, psychological, socio-cultural response 2) verbal and/or non-verbal communication 3) coping and self-preservation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.576-592
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• 2007

We, in this study, tried to examine the influence of business environment, organization structure and information technology characteristics used on the performance of the information systems in Information and Communications Industries. The result shows that frequency of system usage and users' satisfaction are positively affected by the factors of business environment, organizational structure and information-technology. The user satisfaction of the system is affected by the frequency of system usage. Both financial performance and non-financial performance are affected by the frequency of the systems usage and user satisfaction of the system. With path analysis, we verified the overall model goodness-of-fit verified for the research model. The result shows that organization structureand technological factors are positively related to the frequency of usage and user satisfaction of the system, while the environmental factors are not. The frequency of system usage is not linked to both financial and non-financial performance. The user satisfaction of the system does not affected to the financial performance. In conclusion, the usage frequency and user satisfaction of the system are the moderating variables affecting business performances. These two variables are affected by the environment, organization structure and information technology. The Path analysis also supports the relationships among these variables.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.369-383
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to understand clinical nurses' knowledge and attitudes on pain management. The subject of the study were 254 nurses working at two hospitals affiliated with a university in Seoul. The questionnaires included four areas: general knowledge on pain, knowledge on the use of analgesia, knowledge and implementation on the pain assessment scales and pain interventions and nurses' general characteristics. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, LSD test and t-test using SPSS statistical package. The results were as follows. 1. The mean score of the general pain knowledge was 61.46 and that of knowledge on the use of analgesia was 52.19. 2. Most nurses(74%) answered with hesitation about injecting narcotic analgesia to patients. 3. The pain assessment scale which nurses knew (57.5%) and used(48.0%) extremely was a simple descriptive scale. 4. The pain intervention which nurses knew (94.5%) and implemented(92.1%) extremely was to inject analgesia. 5. The number of nurses who had learned about pain management was 49 of 254(19.3%). 6. Nurses' knowledge on the use of analgesia was of relevance to having learned pain management, but general pain knowledge was not so relevant. According to this research, I suggest the following. 1. It is necessary to develop an education program with actual practice and intervention which nurses can perform for themselves. 2. It is necessary to continuously educate about pain management in clinical wards.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and validate Detailed Clinical Models (DCMs) for pain assessment in nursing. Methods: First, we identified the entities of pain assessment from ICNP. We identified the attributes and values of the attributes to describe the entities in more detail by reviewing the literature. Data types and optionalities of the attributes were defined. Second, we modeled the DCMs by linking an entity and its corresponding attributes with values and by specifying the data types and optionalities of the attributes. Finally, the DCMs were validated by a group of domain experts using a content validity index. Results: In total, 19 DCMs with 11 attributes for pain assessment were developed. The experts' evaluations showed that the DCMs were valid enough to represent pain related information of nursing assessment. Conclusion: The DCMs developed in this study can be used in electronic nursing records. The DCMs for pain can ensure the semantic interoperability of pain related information in electronic nursing records.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.250-258
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to assess the influence of application time of Lidocaine patch on pain intensity following venipuncture in hospital. Methods: The participants were 31 adult patients admitted to J hospital in G city. Patients' anxiety, blood pressure and pulse were measured when no patch was applied and when a patch was applied. To evaluate the pain intensity and physiological index caused by venipuncture, blood pressure, pulse and pain intensity were checked for patients in the no patch group, and for a 5 minutes of application and 30 minutes application patch. Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale, anxiety using the Profile of Mood states developed McNair et al. and modified by Lee. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Anxiety and pain were significantly reduced when a lidocaine patch was applied following venipuncture. There was no significant difference in pain intensity whether the lidocaine patch application is for 30 minutes or application for 5 minutes. Conclusion: Results of this study show that application of lidocaine patch can be used as a nursing intervention for pain reduction by showing that there is no need to wait a long time for pain to be reduced.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this was to compare effects of application of the skin stimulation method and topical anesthetic cream on pain, heart rate variability and satisfaction according to nursing intervention methods during arteriovenous fistula puncture in chronic renal failure hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a crossover design. Participants were 36 patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis treatment. Two forms of intervention were applied to participants, and then pain and heart rate variability were measured during the puncture. Results: There were no statistically significant differences according to each treatment in vein pain and artery pain. Also, there were no statistically significant differences according to each treatment in stress index, sympathetic activity (LF), parasympathetic activity (HF) and sympathetic activity/parasympathetic activity (LF/HF ratio). Satisfaction with application of skin stimulation method was statistically higher than that of topical anesthetic cream application. Conclusion: This suggests that application of the skin stimulation method complements disadvantages of topical anesthetic cream application and demonstrates possibility of application as a nursing intervention method which can be conveniently used by nurses in clinical practice.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain among volunteer and non-volunteer donors in living liver transplantation. Methods: The 32 volunteer and 32 non-volunteer donors were recruited from a university hospital after obtaining research approval. The data were analyzed by $x^2$, t, ANOVA tests and Pearson's correlation coefficients using SPSS 12.0 program. Results: There were no significant differences in pre-operative anxiety between the two groups. However, the non-volunteer donors had significantly more severe pain for 3 post-operative days, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and non-verbal pain behavior scale (non-VPBS), compared to that of the volunteer donors. There was a significant correlation between preoperative state anxiety and postoperative non-VPBS score. Conclusions: These results showed that liver donors who belonged to the non-volunteer group needed much more active postoperative pain management and psychological support than the volunteer group.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.39-48
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a video exercise program on pain, daily living function and educational satisfaction for patients with spinal surgery. Methods: The data were collected from September 2008 to May 2009. The participants were 20 people in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The video exercise therapy, which was 15 minutes in length, was shown twice a day for 8 weeks using a CD. Results: In the experimental group, pain decreased significantly, and daily living function and educational satisfaction increased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusion: In has been confirmed that video exercise therapy has positive effects on pain, daily living function and educational satisfaction for patients following spinal surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.371-380
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of patient controlled analgesia(PCA) convergence education on postoperative pain management in spinal surgery patients. Sixty spinal surgery patients were included. For the experimental group(n=30), PCA education using video, booklet, and a PCA model practice was provided before surgery. The data were collected using questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. PCA knowledge-attitude, PCA satisfaction and pain control satisfaction were higher in the experimental group than the control group(p<.001; p=.001; p<.001). Postoperative pain and frequency of additional analgesia use of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(p<.001; p=.001). This findings showed that the convergence PCA education of audiovisual aids with PCA practice training could be effective pain management intervention in patients undergoing spinal surgery. These apply to development of convergence nursing interventions in clinical practice.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the present status of patients' satisfaction and the reasons for any satisfaction or dissatisfaction in cancer pain management Methods : A cross-sectional survey was used to obtain the feedback about pain management. The results of the survey were collected from 59 in- or out-patient who had cancer treatment at two of the teaching hospitals in Seoul from July, 2002 to November, 2002. The data was obtained by a structured questionnaire based on the American Cancer Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire(APS-POQ) and other previous research. The clinical information for all patients were compiled by reviewing their medical records. Resuts : 1) The subjects' mean score of the worst pain was 6.77, the average pain score was 3.80, and the pain score after management was 2.93 for the past 24 hours. The mean score of total pain interference was $25.03{\pm}12.82$. Many of the subjects had false beliefs about pain such as 'the experience of pain is a sign that the illness has gotten worse', 'pain medicine should be 'saved' in case the pain gets worse' and 'people get addicted to pain medicine easily'. 2) 66.1% of the subjects were properly medicated with analgesics. 33.9% of the subjects reported use of various methods in controlling pain other than the prescribed medication. Only 33.9% of the subjects had a chance to be educated about pain management by doctors or nurses. 3) The mean score of patients' satisfaction with pain management was $4.19{\pm}1.14$. 72.9% of the subjects answered 'satisfied' with pain management. The reasons for dissatisfaction were 'the pain was not relieved even after the pain management', 'I was not quickly and promptly treated when I complained of pain', 'doctors and nurses didn't pay much attention to my complaints of pain.', and 'there was no appropriate information given on the methods of administration, effect duration and side effects of pain medicine.' The reasons for satisfaction were: 'the pain was relieved after the pain management.', 'doctors and nurses quickly and promptly controlled my pain.', 'doctors and nurses paid enough attention to my complaints of pain.' and 'trust in my physician'. 4) In pain severity or pain interference, no significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. On the belief 'good patients avoid talking about pain', a significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. Conclusions : The patients' satisfaction with cancer pain management has increased over the years but still about 30% of patients reported to be 'not satisfied' for various reasons. The results of this study suggest that patients' education should be done to improve satisfaction in the pain management program.