• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-207
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• 2012

Vietnam is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Many Korean companies have recently invested their factories to Vietnam from China. This Study measures the entry determinants and outcomes of Vietnam foreign direct investment of the Korea company. This study developed a research model to determinant factor in the Vietnam market entry and collected 98 survey responses from the Korean company to Vietnam investment. In the article analysis, Multiple regression results show that Vietnam investment outcome review are positively affected by "Scale of Investment company", "International Experience of Investment company", "Marketing Skill of Investment company" and "Vietnam's Market Scale", "Vietnam's Market Environment" factors in all a hypothesis. However, the result of this analysis showed that the "Financial management of investment company", and "Organization management of investment company" as independence is not statistically significant. This article suggests that the investment outcome of Vietnam foreign direct investment should take earned of the Korea company in Vietnam market.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.1
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• pp.30-51
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• 1991

본 연구는 산업간호사가 수행하는 산업간호업무 수행실태를 파악하고 업무수행에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 직무만족도와 지식의 측면에서 조사 분석하기 위한 목적으로 이 연구를 시도하였다. 연구방법은 1991년 4월 26일 부터 5일 3일까지의 총 8일간 서울시내에 소재하고 있는 사업체의 산업간호사 77명을 대상으로 연구자와 조사자 1명이 직접방문을 하여 자료수집 하였다. 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 전산처리 하였다. 실수와 백분율, 평균 표준편차를 구하였으며, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, ANOVA 분석방법올 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 산업 간호업무 수행 정도는 근로자건강관리업무 중의 통상질환관리 업무를 대상자의 97.6%가 실시하여 수행정도가 가장 높았고, 가장 수행정도가 낮은 업무는 근로자복리중 진업무로 대상자의 40.2%만이 실시하고 있었다. 산업환경위생관리업무(실시율 45.5%), 직업병 관리업무(실시율 43.1%), 산업보건교육업무(실시율41.5%)로 역시 낮은 실시율을 보였다. 2. 산업간호사 직무만족도는 최대가능점수 240점에 대하여 점수 143.8점이며 최대평점 5점에 평점 3.0으로 나타났고 상호작용, 전문적위치, 자율성면에서 3.4점으로 높았으며 보수에 관한 만족도는 평점 2.3으로 가장 낮아 산업간호사들이 보수에 대해 불만족하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 산업간호사의 산업간호업무 관계지식정도는 최대가능점수 21점에 대하여 점수 17.9점을 나타내었다. 영역별로 가장 많이 알고 있는 지식은 건강관리실운영업무 관계지식으로 정확하게 알고있는 사람이 63명으로 전체의 81.4%이었고, 가장 낮게 알고 있는 지식은 산업환경위생관리 업무 관계지식으로 정답자는 42명(54.2%)이었다. 4. 산업간호업무 수행정도와 직무만족도 및 지식정도와의 상관관계를 분석하여 본 결과 직무만족도가 높을수록 업무수행정도가 높은 것으로 나타났고 (r=.3010, P<.01), 업무수행정도와 지식정도 역시 순상관관계 (r=.2591, P<.05)가 있음이 통계적으로 유의하여 지식정도가 높을수록 업무수행정도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 직무만족도와 지식정도는 상관관계가 없었다. 결론적으로 연구에서 나타난 산업 간호사의 업무수행은 통상질환관리 위주의 업무로서 직업병 예방, 산업보건교육, 산업환경위생관리 업무등에는 수행이 미비한 것으로 나타났으며, 업무수행과 직무만족도 및 지식정도는 순상관관계가 있어 직무만족도와 지식정도가 높을수록 업무수행이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2013

The automotive supply chain is increasingly complex as automakers seek more profitable solutions with global out-sourcing and manufacturing strategies. In the automotive industry, using returnable plastic containers (RPCs) is very common for domestic operations, but for internationally, it has not been considered by many companies because of issues such as overall distance and difficulty of control. The results of this simulation can help to analyze the interactive and coherent behavior of packaging and supply chain systems. The data obtained from the model can be applied to make substantial decisions for choosing the most profitable packaging types, at the same time as it can lead to designing an optimum supply chain for RPCs used in international supply chains.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.457-479
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• 2013

Through a Chinese rise, Chinese dream is actualizing as the world's great power. According to outlook of World Bank and IMF, Around 2030 China will be a great power bigger than America's economic power. The rise of China will give a huge impact to the whole world. China expands her influence through a global manufacturing base and a global market. To actualize 'Peaceful Rise' Strategy, China has many constraints. Chinese society is facing many difficult social problem due to side effects of a rapid development. Such as the spread of corruption, the severity of wealth gap, environmental degradation and energy shortage. Internationally there are containment from hegemon so-called 'China threat' dispute, Taiwan issue and territorial disputes. Western countries are hostile to China for two reasons. Based on expectations, one is China's socialist system and the other is the rising China which will compete for supremacy with Europe and America. Recent emergence of Chinese nationalism and the containment of the neighboring countries are also serious limiting factors. Domestically they have the rampant corruption in the bureaucracy, weakened capacity of Communist rule, wealth disparity due to the discriminatory economic development strategy, seriousness of rural problem, social instability, lack of social security systems and the development gap between the eastern coastal areas and western inland areas, ethnic minorities problems, the constraint of sustainable development issues due to lack of resources, environmental pollution and energy constraints. Like the former Soviet Union, China may face a dismantlement. After the rise, China may encounter possibilities of a war between great powers or a collapse of Chinese society caused by deepening internal conflict. Serious economic polarization would make peasants and urban workers, who are social vulnerable people, to turn their back to communist party and threaten the justification and the appropriateness of the ruling communist party. Chinese government will think internal system security threat is more formidable risk factor than a system security threat from the hegemon. The decline of great country comes from internal reasons rather than external reasons. To achieve peaceful rise, unification with Taiwan is an essential prerequisite. Taiwan issues are complex problems which equipped with international and domestic factors. Lack of energy resources, environmental pollution in China will bring economic crisis to Korean enterprises. Important influence to Korean economy will be a changeover of the method in economic development. It will turn the balance of investment and consumption, GDP-centered growth to consumption and environment-centered growth. Services industries including finance, environment, culture, education, health care and social welfare will grow. Change in China's growth model will give a great challenge upon the intermediate goods industry in Korea. Korea should reduce the portion of machinery, automotive, semiconductor, steel and chemical-centered export industry to China, and should increase the proportion of the service industry.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.269-286
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• 2005

The exchange rate volatility has been increased since the time when the floating exchange rate system was introduced in Korea. As a result, the increase of the exchange rate volatility raised the risk in international trades in Korea. The purpose of this study in to study the feature of exchange rate volatility and the main sources of its increase and to confirm whether the exchange rate volatility influence export volume and price of Korea. In the first place, I measured exchange rate volatility with two methods. The one is descriptive statistic method such as the width of daily exchange rate fluctuation and the rate of exchange rate devaluation. The other is the time varying conditional variance of exchange rate. Then, I studied the sources of exchange rate volatility. In the second place, I defined the exchange rate volatility as the time varying conditional variance and estimated it by using elastic a approach model which shows exchange rate is affected by itself and its conditional variance, I estimated its effects on export volumes and prices of electric home appliances, information & communication equal and semi-conductor. The result of this study is as follows. With presumed result EU and Korea because is not the goods which is to substantial competition relationship, The effect where the relative value change of presumed result expression anger and the dollar of import and export function goes mad to the import and export of Korea the income compared to is to export and it is appearing a lot. The EU goods is sold more expensively the Korean goods than from about length being caused by American market of the dollar and the balance of trade of Korea is visible like being visible the improvement of single breadth. Because the relationship of competition is weak but substantially there is to a short term and expression - the effect where the dollar rate fluctuation is big in Korean trade there is a possibility of saying that widely known it is not.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.131-156
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• 1999

최근의 통상환경중 "Logistics" 혁명을 통한 컨테이너 운송의 신속화, 인터넷혁명을 통한 전자상거래 활성화는 EDI, EC등을 통해 "Paperless trade"가 실현을 앞당기고 있다. 본 논고는 이러한 물류혁명과 인터넷 정보기술의 발달로 대두되는 문제중 기존의 종이서류로서의 운송서류를 전자식 운송서류로 대체하는데 따른 문제점과 이의 활성화 방안에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다. 인터넷 전자거래가 활성화되어지면 기존의 종이서류들은 전자메시지로 대체될 것으로 여겨진다. 이에 따라 전자계약서, 전자송장, 전자보험증권, 전자선하증권 등이 출현할 것이지만 이중 무엇보다도 전자식 운송서류중 유통성 운송서류의 전자화는 그간 전자화의 핵심부문으로 여겨서 상당한 중요성을 두어왔다. 현재 이용되는 유통성 운송서류는 그간 선하증권의 지연도착문제와 이에 따른 추가 경비의 소요, 또한 선하증권 발급에 따른 부대경비의 과다소비, 종이서류로서의 선하증권의 위조에 따른 사기문제 등에 제기되어 졌고 이에 따라 선취화물보상장 등의 현실적 대안이 제시되었지만 이 또한 여러 문제점을 야기시켜왔다. 전자식 운송서류는 이러한 문제점을 다소 해소할 수 있는 방안으로 알려져 왔다. 전자거래가 활성활 될 미래에는 운송서류의 전자화는 필연적으로 대두되게 될 것이고, 이러한 전자화에 있어 해상운송장의 사용은 바람직한 모델로 여겨지고 있다. 그렇지만 전매가 잦은 산업에 있어 해상운송장은 자체의 유통성의 미비로 인해 그 사용에 문제점이 있고, 실제 상관행에서 많은 이점을 가진 선하증권의 발행 욕구를 충족시켜 줄 수 있어야 할 것이다. 본 논고에서는 전자식 운송서류의 활성화 방안으로 첫째, 전자식 운송서류에 관한 법률정비가 필요할 것으로 여겨지며 둘째, 유통성 전자식 운송서류에 있어 관리기관의 안정성이 확보되어야 할 것으로 여겨지며 셋째, UCP에서 전자식 운송서류에 관한 조항이 삽입되어져야 할것으로 여겨지며 넷째, 여러 측면에서 우위성을 지닌 전자무역거래의 활성화는 점차적으로 운송서류의 전자화를 활성화시키는데 반드시 필요한 명제로 등장할 것으로 여겨진다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.193-214
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• 2015

This study was conducted to explore the impact of the strategic supply chain orientation on the supply chain performance of raw materials export-import firms. In addition, this study analyzed the mediated effect of innovation and information sharing between the strategic supply chain orientation and supply chain performance of the firms. In the research model of this study considered the strategic supply chain orientation, innovation, information sharing and supply chain performance as the characteristics of the raw materials export-import firms by dividing the learning performance and market performance. The sample firms be analyzed were 445 firms. The 7 hypothesis including moderated effect were analyzed by using LISREL as structural equation modeling. According to the path analysis, the strategic supply chain orientation had a positive impact on the innovation activity. However, it did not have a positive influence on the information sharing. In the analysis of the mediated effect, the innovation activity of supply chain showed a full mediated effect between the strategic supply chain orientation and the information sharing. And the information sharing showed a partial mediated effect between the strategic supply chain orientation of these firms and the supply chain performance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.369-387
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• 2012

Throughout intensive negotiations on the KORUS FTA and even after its ratification on March 15, 2012, ISD (Investor-State Dispute Settlement) has been at the center of many controversies within the FTA. Although the original function of the ISD is intended to be a protectional measure for foreign investors, there have been many foreign investors who tried to use the ISD as a tool to attack a government and nullify the public policy demanding tremendous amount of compensation. Many of the NAFTA ISD cases including Ehtyl v. Canada and UPS v. Canada demonstrate such a behavior by foreign investors. It is the right time for Korean government to conduct in depth studies on NAFTA ISD cases because the precedents provide invaluable insights including the legal reasoning by the decision making authorities including ICSID and UNCITRAL. The lessons we would learn from those cases would prepare Korean government for expected ISD claims by foreign investors and enable the government to maximize its efficiency in policy making process under a new international trade environment, the KORUS FTA.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2002

The direct viable count (DVC) and plate count (PC) methods was used to measure the number of bacteria in potable groundwater samples collected from bottled water from the market, mineral water, and edible groundwater near the urban areas and the stock farming congested areas. As a result, the number of living bacteria by DVC was comprised 30~80% of the total direct count (TDC), whereas the number of living bacteria by PC was around l~30% of DVC. Such results show that viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria exist in the potable groundwater with high percentages. On the other hand, upon measuring the value from the conventional nutrient broth (NB), $10^-2$ fold diluted nutrient broth (DNB), and R2A broth, the values from the DNB and R2A showed 2~50 times higher than the conventional NB medium. These results indicate that oligotrophic bacterial groups which can multiply in the low nutrient broth abundantly exist in the oligotrophic environment like potable groundwater.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.236-251
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• 2019

The animation industry is an emerging and promising industry of the 21st century, characterized by a wide range of consumer segments, high market demand, and a long life cycle of products. The paper is aimed at examining the current situation of the animation industry of Korea, the U.S., China and Japan, analyzing the success factors and presenting measures for activation of problems in China's animation industry, and contributing to the promotion of China's animation policies in the future. To realize this goal, the study methods were adopted literature review by using Internet data, statistical data, reports, papers and academic journals which are related to the Chinese animation industry and presented methods for activation. The aviations as follows, firstly, it is suggested actively train creative men of animation for profession. Secondly, it is advised to encourage the creativity and originality of Chinese animation works through various ways. Thirdly, it is suggested to develop an industry chain of animation which is suitable for the market circumstances. Fourthly, it needs to expand its viewer and strengthen its reality in the form and content of animation works.