• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 1991

To investigate changes of boron fractions in soil with vegetable cultivation affected by boron application Jossangmiho, chinese cabbage was planted in 1/2.000a pot with four different soils which are sandy loam, calcareous, organic and vinyl house soil. Increment of available boron in soil with different boron applications was in the order of vinyl hous soil>organic soil>sandy soil>calcareous soil. The ratio of boron fraction to total boron is highest in $NH_4$-oxalate ext.-B with 19.1 % and lowest in water sol.-B and $CaCl_2$ ext.-B with 0.7% respectively. The boron fraction increment due to the different application ratio was in the order of $NH_4-oxalate$ ext.-B>Mannitol exch.-B> $CaCl_2$ ext.-B> $NH_2OH{\cdpt}HCl$ ext.-B>Water soil.-B. As the concentration of calcium in soil increased. water sol.-B decreased and the other forms of boron increased. In the soil high in organic matter, water sol.-B and $NH_4$-oxalate ext.-B increased significantly. but the other forms of boron not.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.675-685
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• 2022

A comparative analysis was performed on the soil chemical properties of greenhouse or open field where flower crops were grown from 2018 to 2020. The pH of greenhouse soils was kept slightly higher than the optimum range suggested by Rural Development Administration and that of open field soils was maintained within the optimum range for three years. The contents of organic matter (OM) were within the optimum range without significant change every year in both soils. Available phosphate (Av. P₂O₅) of greenhouse soils was the highest at 560 mg/kg in 2018, but it decreased every year and fell within the appropriate range in 2020. The concentration of Av. P₂O₅ in open field soils have fluctuated for three years, not showing a significant difference. Electrical conductivity (EC) of greenhouse soils was higher every year than the standard, 2.0 dS/m, but EC of open field soils remained below the standard. The contents of exchangeable cations were higher than the standard, showing significant differences among the years in greenhouse soils. In open field soils, other cations except exchangeable K⁺ were maintained higher than the optimal level and only Ca²⁺ showed a significant difference among the years. In Pearson correlation matrices, the value of exchangeable Ca²⁺ had a significantly positive correlation with exchangeable Mg²⁺ content at both greenhouse and open field soils. Based on principal component analysis, the soils of greenhouse were distributed within the range of high concentrations of Av. P₂O₅, EC and exchangeable cations, while the soils of open field were characterized by low contents of OM and exchangeable cations. Therefore, it is essential to lower the concentration of exchangeable cations in greenhouse soils. It is common for the soils of open field to have a low OM content, so that organic fertilizers should be more actively applied to the soils in open field.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.121-133
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• 1975

Soils of the agricultural land derived mostly from volcanic ash in Jeju island may be characterized by relatively high PH, high contents of organic matter and exchangeable bases, and significantly low content of available phosphorus. The PH, organic matter, and available phosphorus of the soils in northern Jeju are 6.1, 12.6%, and 23 ppm, while those of the soils in the southern Jeju are 6.4, 3.7 %, and 76 ppm respectively. Upland soils in Jeju may be classified into 4 groups on the basis of soil fertility: black soil, very dark brown soil, dark brown, and red yellow soil. The organic matter content of black soil, very dark soil and dark brown soil is 15%, 7%, and 3% respectively. The soils of high organic matter content show the high phosphorus absorption coefficient, low content of available phosphorus, and low degree of the base saturation. The soil productivity for barley in the northern Jeju is higher than that in the southern Jeju and the productivity in the western Jeju is higher than that in the eastern part. The productivity for barley is in decreasing order of dark brown soil, very dark brown soil and black soil. Yields of potato and sweet potato in Jeju are higher than in the mainland. Those crops are considered to be tolerant to aluminumtoxicity. The response of sweet potato to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Jeju soils is lower than that in the mainland, while the response of barley and rape to nitrogen and phosphorus is higher than that in the mainland. The response to fertilizer applied is greater in the northern Jeju than in the southern Jeju. Lime requirement for the Jeju soils calculated on the basis of laboratory tests is so tremendous that single application of lime required might induce adverse effect. Most of the phosphorus applied to the Jeju soils is readily fixed as unavailable form and application of phosphorus in the level of 30 to 40 kg/10a is thought to give little effect.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.393-397
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• 2000

This study was conducted to find out the effect of long-term compost application on the chemical properties of the orchard soils and apple quality. The contents of P and cations in soils were increased by the application of compost, while there are no difference in that of organic matter. The increase in application rates of compost resulted to the increase in apple yields, however, firmness and Brix of apple were as not differentiated by the compost application. The application of lower chemical fertilizer and higher compost resulted to the increase in the contents of organic matter and Ca in soils. The compost application resulted to the increase in inorganic material contents in soil but was not effective on the quality of apple fruits.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1999

전북 장안산의 신갈나무림을 분류법과 서열법에 의하여 분석하였다. 분류법(식물사회학적 방법)에 의한 신갈나무림의 분석결과 신갈나무-철쭉꽃군락, 신갈나무-노린재나무군락, 신갈나무-조릿대군락의 3개 군락으로 분류되었다. CCA에 의하여 분석된 결과에 의하면 신갈나무, 철쭉꽃, 노린재나무는 고도가 높은 지역에서 분포하고, 고로쇠나무, 들메나무, 고광나무, 함박꽃나무, 까치박달은 습하고 유기물 함량 및 전질소, C.E.C등의 양료가 양호한 지역에 소나무, 굴참나무, 붉나무, 병꽃나무는 고도가 낮은 지역에서 분포하고 있다. 신갈나무림의 분포와 환경과의 상호관계를 분석한 결과 고도, 토양습도, 유기물함량, 지형, pH등이 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2002

This study was carried out to estimate the effect of forest fire on herb layer development and chemical properties of soil. The forest fire was in April 2000 in Pinus rigida(softwood) and Robinia pseudoacacia(hardwood) dominant forests at Gaejoksan, Daejeon. Vegetation studies were in the two communities and herb layer development study was in July using dominance of Dierssen. The coverage of herb layer was higher in the burned area than in the unburned area in the two study communities. There was no different herb layer species number between the burned and unburned areas, but there was different herb layer species number between the two communities. Soil samples were collected at 0～10cm and 10～20cm soil depths from the unburned and burned sites after 3 days and 8 months of forest fire. There was no forest floor in burned site, but unburned site has the forest floor of 1.5cm thick. There were no significant differences in soil organic matter, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Na, and Mg, and CEC, pH in all soil depth, between unburned and burned sites after 3 days of forest fire and between burned site after 3 days and 8 months of forest fire, except in organic matter in 10～20cm soil depth in hardwood sites and in exchangeable Ca in the 10～20cm soil depth, and in Mg in the two soil depths in hardwood sites. It seems to be that forest fire had not changed the chemical soil properties in this study.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.813-827
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic inputs on soil properties in a newly reclaimed organic soils. The soil of the experiment site was very low in soil fertility and the physico-chemical properties were poor. Several organic input treatments with different source of nutrient were placed, including compost in combination with green manures for organic agricultural practices, chemical fertilizers for conventional agricultural practices, and control without fertilizer. The experiment was conducted with continuous cropping system during 3 years. The chemical properties concentration in compost+green manure treatment was increased continually compare to control and chemical fertilizer treatment, and closed to the recommended rate of fertilizer. The organic matter value for compost+green manure treatment was increased from 0.86~0.96% to 2.00~2.29% by continuous nutrient supply of compost and green manure. However, further investigation on increasing of organic matter value for 3 years is necessary to monitor carefully during the long-term because it will help to clarify the all mechanisms of organic matter on organic input application way. The available phosphate value for compost+green manure treatment was generally increased from 21.9~27.1 mg/kg to 182.0~394.1 mg/kg. In case of exchange cation, the concentration for compost+green manure treatment was increased during 2 years within the range to the recommended rate of fertilizer, however, it is expected to cause a rather over supply for 3 years.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 2008

Small lysimeter experiment under rain shelter plastic film house was conducted to investigate the effect of soil characteristics on the leaching and soil solution concentration of nitrate and phosphate. Three soils were obtained from different agricultural sites of Korea: Soil A (mesic family of Typic Dystrudepts), Soil B (mixed, mesic family of Typic Udifluvents), and Soil C (artificially disturbed soils under greenhouse). Organic-C contents were in the order of Soil C ($32.4g\;kg^{-1}$) > Soil B ($15.0g\;kg^{-1}$) > Soil A ($8.1g\;kg^{-1}$). Inorganic-N concentration also differed significantly among soils, decreasing in the order of Soil B > Soil C > Soil A. Degree of P saturation (DPS) of Soil C was 178%, about three and fifteen times of Soil B (38%) and Soil A (6%). Prior to treatment, soils in lysimeters (dia. 300 mm, soil length 450 mm) were tabilized by repeated drying and wetting procedures for two weeks. After urea at $150kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ and $KH_2PO_4$ at $100kg\;P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ were applied on the surface of each soil, total volume of irrigation was 213 mm at seven occasions for 65 days. At 13, 25, 35, 37, and 65 days after treatment, soil solution was sampled using rhizosampler at 10, 20, and 30 cm depth and leachate was sampled by free drain out of lysimeter. The volume of leachate was the highest in Soil C, and followed by the order of Soils A and B, whereas the amount of leached nitrate had a reverse trend, i.e. Soil B > Soil A > Soil C. Soil A and B had a significant increase of the nitrate concentration of soil solution at depth of 10 cm after urea-N treatment, but Soil C did not. High nitrate mobility of Soil B, compared to other soils, is presumably due to relatively high clay content, which could induce high extraction of nitrate of soil matrix by anion exclusion effect and slow rate of water flow. Contrary to Soil B, high organic matter content of Soil C could be responsible for its low mobility of nitrate, inducing preferential flow by water-repellency and rapid immobilization of nitrate by a microbial community. Leached phosphate was detected in Soil C only, and continuously increased with increasing amount of leachate. The phosphate concentration of soil solution in Soil B was much lower than in Soil C, and Soil A was below detection limit ($0.01mg\;L^{-1}$), overall similar to the order of degree of P saturation of soils. Phosphate mobility, therefore, could be largely influenced by degree of P saturation of soils but connect with apparent leaching loss only more than any threshold of P accumulation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.764-773
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• 2004

The soil in wildfire area Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangweon Province, Korea, were investigated to clarify pattern of the soils. The soils were classified into 5 types on the basis of vegetation, types of organic matter. thickness of soil horizons, and completeness of soil profile. Each type showed different erosion pattern and Landsat ETM image. Coverage of plant leaves, litter, root, ash and other organic matter was an important component that affected soil color and reflectance of Landsat image (digital number). Although the NDVI (Normalized Distribution Vegetation Index) method in the wildfire area did not show much difference in soil types, the applied supervised classification method showed characteristic pattern of Landsat ETM image of soil types. This study showed that the applied supervised Landsat TM image classification in wildfire area is an effective way to estimate the distribution of erosion pattern of soil in wildfire area.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2004

This study has been assessed the influence of applying sewage sludge to soil amendments on the sorption properties, and leaching potential of three commonly used organophosphorus pesticides, Diazinon, Fenitrothion, and Chlorpyrifos. A sandy soil with a low content of organic carbon was treated with sewage sludge with a ratio sandy soil sludge ratio of 30:1. The sorption was determined with the batch equilibrium technique. The sorption isotherms could be described by Freundlich equation. The Freundlich constant, K value which measures sorption capacity, were 3.97, 9.94, 22.48 for Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos in non-amended soil. But in amended soil, K value was 12.58, 28.47, and 61.21 for Diazinon, Fenitrothion, and Chlorpyrifos. The overall effect of sewage sludge addition to soil was to increase pesticides adsorption, due to the high sorption capacity of the organic matter. The effect of sludge on the leaching of pesticides in the soil was studied using packed soil columns. Total recoveries of pesticides in soil and leachate with leaching in soil column, were in the range of about 73∼84%, was reduced with the passage of time. Diazinon moved more rapidly than Chlorpyrifos in the unamended soil due to greater sorption and lower water solubility of Chlorpyrifos. Total amounts of pesticides leached from the sewage sludge amended soils were significantly reduced when compared with unamended soils. This reduction may be mainly due to and increase in sorption in amended soils, as a consequence of the increase in the organic matter content.