• Title/Summary/Keyword: 토양 미생물 효소 활성

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Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Producing a Soybean Milk Clotting Enzyme (두유 응고효소 생산균의 분리 및 동정)

  • 하덕모;이철우
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1989
  • Seventeen bacterial strains producing an extracellular soybean milk clotting enzyme were Isolated from 150 soil samples, and identified as Bacillus cereus(8 strains), Bacillus pumilus(8 strains) and Bacillus licheniformis (1 strain). Among them, Bacillus pumilus strain 118 and Bacillus licheniformis strain 192 showed relatively high soybean milk clotting activity. The coagulability of enzymes from these strains decreased as the pH of soybean milk was increased from 6.0 to 7.0. The optimum temperature for soybean milk clotting activity was $65^{\circ}C$.

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Influence of Growing Green Manures on Soil Microbial Activity and Diversity under Organically Managed Grape-greenhouse (시설 포도 유기농 재배지에서 녹비 생육 중 녹비 종류가 토양 미생물상에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Kee-Choon;Seo, Young-Jin;Kim, Chan-Yong;Kim, Jong-Su;Yi, Young-Keun;Seo, Ji-Ae
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.260-266
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    • 2008
  • The aim of present work was to assess the response of soil microbial activity and diversity to green manures under the organically managed grape-greenhouse in early spring. Hairy vetch, milk vetch, and red clover were seeded in fall, and enzymatic activities by dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase, and microbial diversities by Biolog $EcoPlate^{TM}$ and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were characterized for soils sampled in early spring. Dehydrogenase activity and FDA hydrolytic activity did not differentiate the green manures but the average well color development of Biolog EcoPlate was higher in soils covered with red clover than control soil. Soil microbial functional diversity by Biolog EcoPlate differentiated the soils covered with hairy vetch and milk vetch, and Shannon diversity index by Biolog EcoPlate was higher in soils covered with hairy vetch than control soil. Principal component analysis of PLFA differentiated the soils covered with milk vetch from control soil.

Short-term Effects of Cultivars and Compost on Soil Microbial Activities and Diversities in Red Pepper Field (토양 미생물 활성과 다양성에 미치는 고추 품종과 퇴비의 단기적 효과)

  • Park, Kee-Choon;Kwon, Tae-Ryong;Jang, Kil-Soo;Kim, Yeong-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.139-144
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    • 2008
  • A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivars and compost on soil microbial activities and diversities in a red pepper-grown field. Compost was applied with 0, 30, and 60M/T $ha^{-1}$ in April and then red pepper seedlings of "Yong-go 4" and "Koeun" were transplanted in May 2007. Soil samples were collected in early August 2007. Measurement of microbial activities was based on a dehydrogenase assay and a fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. Soil microbial community was characterized with Biolog $EcoPlate^{TM}$ and phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA). Red pepper cultivars did not differentiate the selected soil chemical and microbial properties. Soil pH and soil microbial community changed by amending the soil with 30 and 60 M/T $ha^{-1}$ of compost, and the soil organic matter and potassium content, and soil microbial activities increased in soils amended with 60 M/T $ha^{-1}$ of compost. Red pepper cultivar induced a little different soil chemical properties and microbial activity in soils amended with 60 M/T $ha^{-1}$ of compost even though significant differences were not found in those properties. In conclusion the effects of compost on soil chemical and microbial properties were much higher than red pepper cultivars in short-term period but the effects of red pepper cultivars should be investigated in long-term field test.

Sources and Variations of Extracellular Enzymes in a Wetland Soil (습지 토양에서 체외효소의 근원과 변화)

  • Freeman, Chris;Kang, Ho-Jeong
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.35 no.4 s.100
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    • pp.326-330
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    • 2002
  • A wetland soil was sterilised by two methods and changes in microbial enzyme activities were assessed. The short-term effects were determined by toluene addition, while the longer-term effects of elimination was monitored by ${\gamma}$-radiation. The changes in ${\beta}$- glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were determined by using methylumbelliferyl model substrates and comparing with the activities of control samples. Toluene addition induced different responses of enzymes. For example, phosphatase activity increased by the treatment while ${\beta}$-glucosidase and arylsulphatase activities decreased. In contrast, ${\gamma}$-radiation decreased all enzyme activities compared to control by 40-80%. The overall results of the toluene and ${\gamma}$-radiation experiments indicate that the large amounts of enzymes are stabilised outside of living cells, at least in the short term, but that the persistence of enzymes is maintained by de-novo synthesis of microbes.

Soil Microbial Community Analysis using Soil Enzyme Activities in Red Pepper Field Treated Microbial Agents (토양효소활성을 이용한 미생물제제 처리 고추경작지의 토양미생물군집 분석)

  • Kim, Yo-Hwan;Lim, Jong-Hui;An, Chang-Hwan;Jung, Byung-Kwon;Kim, Sang-Dal
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2012
  • Increasing concerns over green farming technology, plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGRP) having growth promoting as well as plant disease suppressing properties was recently preferred to use for biological control of plant pathogens infecting plant. We measured the influence of the selected microbial consortium agents-a mixture of PGPR strains-, commercial bio-fungicide, and chemical pesticides on soil microbial community in red pepper field. The activities of soil enzyme such as dehydrogenase, urease, phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and cellulase were analyzed to investigate that of soil microbial community. We also measured plant length, main stem, stem diameter, number of branches and yields of red-pepper in order to observe the red pepper growth promotion. The results of measuring enzyme activities were dehydrogenase 3.5584 ${\mu}g$ TPF $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, urease 15.8689 ${\mu}g$ $NH_4{^-}N$ $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, phosphatase 0.5692 ${\mu}g$ PNP $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, ${\beta}$-glucosidase 2.4785 ${\mu}g$ PNP $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, and cellulase 86.1597 ${\mu}g$ glucose $g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in the soil treated with the microbial consortium agents, so it came out to be very active in the soil. Observing the growth of red-peppers, the main-stem length and the stem diameter were 6.1% and 8.1% higher in the soil treated with the selected microbial consortium agent than the chemical pesticides. After harvesting, yields were 7.3% higher in the soil treated with selected microbial consortium agents than the chemical pesticides. These results showed that microbial consortium agents contribute to increasing soil microbial diversity, growth promoting, and yield of red pepper.

Purification of Festriction Endonuclease,SdiI, from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes (Streptomyces diastatochromogens로부터 제한효소 SdiI의 분리정제)

  • Bae, Mu;Song, Eun-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.297-300
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    • 1994
  • About thirty bacterial strains of actinomycete isolated from the soil were examined for the presence of restriction endonuclease activity. Streptomyces diastatochromogenes, which was identified previously, was found to contain restriction endonuclease activity. The purification of this enzyme, SdiI, was carried out via streptomycin sulfate precipitation and ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Sephacryl S-200 HR column chromatography and second hydroxylapatite column chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the active protein (purified from various column chromatography) resulted in 35,000 Da protein.

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Isolation and Characterization of Cyclodextrin Glycosyl Transferase Producing Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase를 생산하는 호알칼리성 Bacillus속 미생물)

  • 유주현;정용준;이정수
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.148-153
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    • 1989
  • A strain of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. YC-335 has been isolated from soil. The strain was capable of producing large amount of cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGTase) in the culture broth. The preferable medium composition has been determined to be as follows : 1.5% soluble starch, 5% corn steep liquor, 0.1% $K_2$HPO$_4$, 0.02%mgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$, 1% CaCO$_3$and 1% Na$_2$CO$_3$(pH 10.3). The highest enzyme production was observed after 48 hours of cultivation at 31$^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of crude enzyme were 6.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was stable between pH 5 and 9, and upto 5$0^{\circ}C$. The enzyme converted starch into $\alpha$-, $\beta$- and ${\gamma}$-CD in the relative amounts of 1:10:1.5, respectively.

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The Relationships between the Microorganisms and the Red-Colored Phenomena of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) (인삼뿌리의 적변현상과 근권미생물)

  • 윤길영;양덕조
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2001
  • To clarify a significant difference between red-colored phenomena (RCP) and microbes isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy ginseng (HES) and red-colored ginseng (RCS), we have examined growth and cellulase activities of the microbes according to pH variation and iron status. The soil microbes could not grow at pH 3.0 on the YEB medium. The growth of bacterium isolated from RCG at pH from 5.0 to 9.0 showed small differences and the growth of bacterium HES was lower than that of others. The growth of bacteria from RCS and surface soil (SUS) at pH 5.0 were also lower than that of pH 7.0 and pH 9.0. However, the bacteria isolated from red-colored ginseng (RCG) and RCS are able to grow on the medium contained 2 mM Fe$\^$3+/ at pH 3.0. Furthermore, the growth of bacterium from RCG increased about two times in the medium contained iron at pH 7.0 compared with minus iron. The cellulase activity of isolated bacteria increased two times in the medium contained 2 mM Fe$\^$3+/ compared with minus iron. The activity of extra-cellular cellulase was higher by one hundred times than that of intracellular level. The cellulase activity of the bacterium from RCS at pH 5.0 was higher by two times than that of pH 7.0. Especially, intracellular activity of the bacterium from RCS on the medium contained 2mM Fe$\^$3+/ increased about six to seven times compared with control (minus iron). Also, extra-cellular activity increased about eleven to twelve times compared with control. These results indicate that the soil microbes seem to be related iron redoxidation by proton extrusion and with cell wall digestion by secreted cellulase.

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Organic Matter Dynamics on Golf Course Greens (골프장 그린에서 토섬별 유기물의 경시적 변화)

  • Huh, Keun-Young;Ko, Byong-Gu
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2008
  • The management of soil organic matter(SOM) is a key component of golf course green maintenance. As part of a major project examining the sustainable management of SOM on golf course greens, the SOM status of different age greens maintained in the same root zone composition and management were compared. Then the microbial activity, tiller number, bulk density, water content, pH, EC, and T-N in the soil were measured. In the 0${\sim}$5cm depth SOM accumulation showed no significant difference between greens. Below 5cm SOM showed a strong significance between greens and had a positive(+) correlation with year and negative(-) correlation with depth. when regression equations were used to predict SOM accumulation with year and depth, SOM below 5cm tended to increase with a rate of 0.061% . year$^{-1}$ and decrease with a rate of 0.079% . $cm^{-1}$(R2==0.841). Soil microbial activity was investigated with age and depth by using a dehydrogenase assay. Results showed a sharp drop with depth in all greens. The soil microbial activity below 5cm showed no difference between greens. The accumulated SOM below 5cm may be very resistant to decomposition in the long-term. Five years after establishment, the bulk density did not significantly change. The water content, EC, and T-N had a significant correlation with SOM. The pH decreased with the year, which may influence SOM accumulation. Organic matter accumulation was mainly affected by the pH decrase,low soil microbial activity, and high organic matter resistant to decomposition, but the effects of water content, EC, and T-N were obscure.

Investigation on Forest Soil Dynamics at Onsan Industrial Estate and Mt. Mani by the Assay of Dehydrogenase Activity, Denitrifying and Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria (탈수소효소(脫水素酵素), 탈질균(脫窒菌) 및 황산환원균(黃酸還元菌)의 정량(定量)을 통(通)한 온산공단(溫山工團)과 마니산(摩尼山) 산림토양(山林土壤)의 동태(動態) 조사(調査))

  • Park, Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.87 no.1
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to figure out the relationships among soil chemical properties and bacterial biomass related to denitrification and sulfur-reducing and the activity of dehydrogenase, and ultimately to consider the usefulness of dehydrogenase activity as a tool for evaluating the dynamics of forest soil ecosystem. Four sites were selected for the collection of soil samples within two regions(Onsan industrial estate as a polluted region and Mt. Mani at Kanghwa island as a clean area) with two forest types (coniferous and deciduous stands). The soils of Mt. Mani showed higher amount of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus than those collected from Onsan industrial estate, which indicated that the soils were more beneficial for microbial growth than those of Onsan. The dehydrogenase activity was more sensitive than the denitrifying bacteria or sulfur-reducing bacteria since the activity was significantly different between the regions and season while the two bacterial biomass were not significantly different between the two regions. In addition, the dehydrogenase activity showed relatively high correlation coefficients with organic matter(r=0.53, p=0.004), total nitrogen(r=0.41, p=0.008) and C/Ava. P-ratio(r=-0.52, p=0.001), which was thought to be closely related with microbial activity. Thus, the dehydrogenase activity was thought to be a useful index of soil ecosystem dynamics with considering that the technique need to be applied with the same soil texture for the comparison of the activity as other researchers indicated.

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