• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2016

Environmental impact assessment has been implemented for more than 30 years in Korea. During that period, various amendments were carried out about target plan and assessment factors. However, in current environmental impact assessment act, only a few factors has been considered for soil environment assessment. This study analyzes the national and foreign environmental impact assessment guidelines on soil related factors and figures out the problems and implications of Korean environmental impact assessment. In Korea, water quality, topography and geology, hydraulics and hydrology, and soil contamination were analyzed as a soil related factors. The main assessment targets were pollution related factors such as soil pollution levels, amount of rainfall runoff, and non-point sources. However, in the case of foreign guidelines, soil compaction, soil sealing, and soil salinization is being analyzed for evaluating function and quality of soil environment. The revision of soil-related factors are needed for sustainable development of Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 2006

Attempts were made to increase an efficiency of soil contamination investigation systems(SCISs) including Soil Contamination Fact-Finding Investigation Sites and Special Soil Contamination Management Facility Sites in Korea. In order to increase low efficiencies resulting from inappropriate SCISs, possible policy suggestions are driven based on the results from problem findings of Korean policy and comparisons of policies in industrialized countries including United States, United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Japan. First, functions of Soil Environment Conservation Act(SECA) on liability should be updated and reinforced to initiate a soil contamination investigation process for stakeholders including an owner(s) or a responsible party(ies) of the potentially soil contamination sites positively. Second, appropriate SCISs should be emerged for implementing the Soil Contamination Fact-Finding Investigation Sites and Special Soil Contamination Management Facility Sites properly. Stakeholders for the potentially contaminated sites should easily access and raise the soil contamination issues, and soil contamination investigation implemented by liable and profit environment (consulting) companies should be encouraged. Third, the soil contamination reporting system of SECA needs to change legally responsible. Further more, public announcement system showing soil quality of a site which exceeds a certain scale would be considerable. Fourth, liable environment (consulting) companies should legally execute Soil Environment Assessment of SECA.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Attempts were made to analyze the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of inactive or abandoned metal (IAM) mines in Korea. This approach focused on legal systems and legislation, remediation technology development, and the arrangement or distribution of budgets pertaining to national policy since the mid 1990's. Prevention of Mining Damage and Recovery Act enacted. Defines the roles, responsibility and budget of the government when recovering mine damages. However, in 2005 there still remains to improve the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of IAM mines. Analysis of national and industrialized foreign countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands suggest the following improvements: i) arranging distinct regulations between strict and non-strict liability criteria for potentially responsible parties; limiting innocent and non-strict liability depending on the period of incurred mining activity, ii) enhancing participation of local communities by enforcing law and legislation, iii) establishing a national database system of (potentially) IAM contaminated sites based on the Website-Geographic Information System, iv) carrying out site-specific risk assessments and remediation of IAM contaminated sites, v) preparation and distribution of clean-up fund at mine sites adequately, and vi) technology development for the cleaning of IAM contaminated sites; awarding positive incentives of a legal nature for participants applying newly developed technology in IAM mines.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1013-1020
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• 2018

With the rapid industrialization and increase in population, more and more people are moving to live in cities. This urbanization trend is resulting in increased construction and development activities which associates with escalation of impervious surface. This in turn causes problems like groundwater depletion, higher flood peaks, and increased rate of soil loss from the watershed. Watershed management projects are being implemented around the globe concerning with the application of soil and water resources conservation practices. It is desirable that an entire watershed be evaluated based on soil and water conservation practices applied. In this study, water management categories of green building rating systems (GBRS) of South Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines were discussed. The water management practices rating criteria of G-SEED (South Korea), BERDE (Philippines), and EEWH (Taiwan) were explored and compared. The insights of this study are expected to be projected to establish a comprehensive rating system for the evaluation of watersheds. The quantification of watershed management practices will help future planners to identify areas of potential water-related risks and counter the hazards more effectively.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.32-42
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• 2020

오염부지 관리 기조가 매체 중심에서 수용체 중심으로 변화하면서 우리나라에 위해성평가 제도가 도입되었으나, 이를 오염현장에 충분히 활용하기 위한 체계와 관련 기술들은 아직 제대로 확립되어 있지 않다. 특히, 여러 가지 이유로 정화곤란부지로 분류가 되는 오염부지의 정화 및 관리와 그러한 부지에 적용될 수 있는 위해저감기술들에 대한 기술적, 사회적 논의와 합의도 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 그동안 오염토양의 정화에만 초점이 맞추어진 우리나라의 토양환경정책이 오염부지의 관점에서 그와 연결된 수용체를 보호하는 방향으로 나아가기 위해 필요한 위해성기반 오염 부지관리 의사결정체계를 제안하고, 그러한 관리체계가 현장에서 적절히 적용되도록 하기 위해 필요한 위해저감기술들을 조사, 분류하여 위해저감 방식에 따른 위해저감기술의 활용성 및 적용성을 평가하는 방안을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.257-271
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• 2017

In Korea, soil is being transported in and taken out for the purpose of national land development, but the soil is being moved without consideration of soil contamination. Therefore, this is a policy-focused study of the management system on soil moving. In this study, we analyzed current state of domestic and foreign management and suggested three alternatives for management of soil moving in 1) self-regulation, 2) obligatory regulation, 3) phase-in according to types of regulation. In order to establish a clear and reasonable management system for soil movement in the future, it is necessary to improve the legal and institutional limitations of the current soil environmental law as suggested by this study.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Policies of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark were compared and analyzed on risk assessment of contaminated sites. These countries were chosen from a feasible preliminary analysis of 18 countries of the European Union and the U. S. All the countries selected met two major criteria : I) implementation of risk assessment to determine the soil contamination and remediation targets of contaminated sites, ii) use of soil guidance values and risk assessment as complementary measures to determine soil contamination. Suggested policy improvements to Korea regarding these issues include i) legislation of a rational risk assessment methodology of contaminated sites, and ii) enactment of collaboration of risk assessment with the soil guidance values. To establish effective risk assessment legislation, additional in-depth research on social, economic and long-term effects of the proposed risk assessment methodologies, as well as the mutual consent of all parties including academia, industry, and administration will be necessary. Linking risk assessment with soil guidance values would be applicable to a site contaminated where the contaminant concentration exceeds a certain soil guidance value. In parallel, application of risk assessment to a site where a contaminant concentration is naturally different such as mining sites would be plausible. The policy suggestions above are not yet conclusive due to a lack of policy implementation, and simulation. Thus, additional research on developing risk assessment methodology is needed. Nevertheless, initiation of the suggested policy would increase the efficacy of Korean policy regarding the survey and remediation of contaminated sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.291-294
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• 2002

The Environmental Site Assessment System(ESAS) in Korea which became effective as of 2002 is very similar to the ASTM standard practice in United States. Unlike the United States, however, we do not have Phase I ESA, enough environmental professionals with approved training and practical experiences, and detailed guidelines for a governmental action. As a result of comparison the ESAS with the ASTM standard practice, the ASTM standard practice is focused on the Innocent Landowner Defense and has a difference in data search process as well as legal and methodological ways from the ESAS. Therefore, the Transaction Screen Process in ASTM E-1528 standard practice is suggested to reduce the risk potentially produced under on-site assessment and to achieve efficient on-site assessment. In addition, social and executive supports are discussed to more activate on-site assessment. In near future this study is expected to be standardized more in detail with activation of on-site assessment and it is also expected to increase the role and responsibility of environmental professionals considerably.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-145
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• 1998

Unlike water or air quality standards that have been established by legislation using potential human health impact as the primary criterion, soil quality depends on the soils primary function and its relevant environmental factors, which is much more site- and soil specific. A properly characterized soil quality assessment system should serve as an indicator of the soil capacity to produce safe and nutritious food, to enhance human and animal health, and to overcome degrative processes. For our proposed example, a high quality soil with regard to maintaining an adequate soil productivity as a food production resources must accommodate soil and water properties, food chain, sustainability and utilization, environment, and profitability, that (i) facilitate water transfer and absorption, (ii) sustain plant growth, (iii) resist physical degradation of soil, (iv) produce a safe food resources, (v) cost-effective agricultural management. Possible soil quality indicators are identified at several levels within the framework for each of these functions. Each indicator is assigned a priority or weight that reflects its relative importance using a multi-objective approach based on principles of systems to be considered. To do this, individual scoring system is differentiated by the several levels from low to very high category or point scoring ranging from 0 to 10, And then weights are multiplied and products are summed to provide an overall soil quality rating based on several physical and chemical indicators. Tlne framework and procedure in developing the soil quality assessment are determined by using information collected from an alternative and conventional farm practices in the regions. The use of an expanded framework for assessing effects of other processes, management practices, or policy issues on soil quality is also considered. To develop one possible form for a soil quality index, we should permit coupling the soil characteristics with assessment system based on soil properties and incoming and resident chemicals. The purpose of this paper is to discuss approaches to defining and assessing soil quality and to suggest the factors to be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

동북아지역에서는 최근 산업화와 도시화로 인하여 많은 개발행위가 이루어져 왔으며, 그에 따라 개발과 환경적 결과와의 관계가 주목을 받기 시작했다. 선진국에서는 이미 이러한 관계에 있어 환경적요소가 의사결정단계에서부터 고려될 수 있도록 제도적 보완이 이루어져 왔으나 동 지역에서는 그간 이에 대한 대응이 미비했던 것이 사실이다. 이러한 관점에서, 동 연구는 동북아지역에서의 환경영향평가의 비교를 통한 상호 제도의 이해증진을 위해 수행되었다. 특히, 본 연구의 목적은 골프장 조성사업에 대한 환경영향평가를 수행함에 있어 중점평가항목과 운영 측면에서의 양국간 환경영향평가를 비교함으로써 향후 양국간에 월경성 환경협력 기반을 마련하는데 있다. 연구의 주요 결과는 첫째, 환경영향평가항목 측면에서 한국의 경우 지형 지질, 동 식물상, 토지이용, 수질, 토양, 소음 진동, 위락 경관, 교통 등8개의 중점평가 항목을 설정하여 다소 항목수가 많고 내용적으로는 체계와 형식을 중시하고 있는 반면, 중국의 경우에서는 지하수, 지표수, 생태계 등3개의 중점평가 항목을 설정하여 항목 수는 적으나 비교적 구체적이고 현실 상황을 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 운영상 측면에서 한국의 골프장 환경영향평가서는 수질, 생태계 훼손 등을 강조하고 있는 반면, 중국은 도로사면 훼손, 경관, 수질 등에 초점을 두고 있어 양국의 골프장 조성에 있어 환경에 미치는 주요영향 요소선정에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.