• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2003

Seed germination rate and seedling growth were measured on 6 different species(Phytolacca americana, Eupatorium rugosum, Rumex acetocella, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cassia mimosoides var. nomame, Setaria viridis) treated with leaf extract of E. rugosum. Total phenolic compound and heavy metal were analyzed on leaf and soil with and without E. rugosum. The growth of P. americana seedlings were stimulated by 10% and 25% of E. rugosum water extract treatment. The content of total phenolic compounds in soil was lower than that of leaf extract, and 25% was confirmed as threshold concentration in natural systems because the total phenolic compounds were not significantly different between the control soils and the soil treated with 10%, and 25% extract. Total phenolic compound concentrations of the leaf extracts were highest (1.66 mg/l) with E. rugosum grown under the Quercus forest canopy and lowest (1.09 mg/l) for the plant grown in the mixed forest edge. Leaf extracts of plants selected in different sampling sites (Forest interior, Forest edge, under Pinus Canopy and Quercus Canopy) were significant, while soil extracts were not. Seed germination of R. acetocella and S. viridis were significantly inhibited at over 50% concentrations of E. rugosum, but C. mimosoides var. nomame was not affected at any concentration. The radicle and shoot growth of the native species group were reduced two times more than those of the exotic species group by the treatment of extracts. Especially, the seed germination percentage and dry weight of E. rugosum were greater than those of the control group by treatments with extracts of 10% and 25%. Analysis of aqueous extracts from E. rugosum by HPLC identified 6 phenolic compounds: caffeic acid (460.9 mg/l), benzoic acid (109.7 mg/l), protocatechuic acid (7.3 mg/l), ρ-hydroquinone (6.0 mg/l), cinnamic acid (2.7 mg/l) and hydroquinone (0.23 mg/l). The seed germination of P. americana was also inhibited dramatically by protocatechuic acid and cinnamic acid even though the content of caffeic acid (460.9 mg/l) was the highest among analyzed phenolic compounds. The heavy metal content of soil without A. altissima was higher than that of soil with E. rugosum. Particularly, Al, Fe and Mn was considerably high and most of the heavy metal were accumulated in leaves where a high level of total phenolic compounds was found.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.76-79
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• 2003

국내의 토양오염 공정시험방법에서는 Zn, Ni 추출시 산분해법에 가까운 방법을 사용하는 반면, Cd, Cu, Pb, $Cr^{6+}$ 추출시 0.1N HCl용액으로 산처리하여 1시간을 진탕한 후 이를 필터로 여과하여 분석용액을 추출하는 용출법을 사용하고 있다(환경부, 2001). 시료내에는 완충 물질이 존재하기 때문에 용출법 사용시 초기 pH 인 1(0.1N HCl)이 유지되지 않아 완충능력이 높은 토양의 경우 현재 국내 공정법상의 용출법이 중금속 오염정도를 추정하는데 적절치 않을 수 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Urea is one of the most common nitrogen fertilizer, but nitrogen use efficiency by crop is low because of rapid hydrolysis of urea and loss of nitrogen in environments. Therefore, it is important to control the nitrogen release from nitrogen fertilizers. In this study, pyroligneous acid (PA) was used as a mean to inhibit urease in soil and prevent excessive nitrogen release from urea. Active ingredient in PA (AI) inhibited ammonification of urea in soil by reducing extracted ammonium nitrogen at 79.7% compared to the soil without PA. In order to evaluate the effect of PA on fertilization efficiency of urea, Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis) was cultivated in soil treated with urea and PA both in pot and field. For PA treatment, half amount of urea was used compared to the amount of urea conventionally applied to Chinese cabbage. The PA treatment with half amount of urea resulted in similar Chinese cabbage biomass to the conventional urea application. Nitrogen concentration in Chinese cabbage was less in PA treatment indicating that Chinse cabbage effectively used nitrogen. Consequently, fertilization of urea with PA will reduce amount of fertilizer and frequency of application.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1430-1436
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• 2017

This study assessed the effects of treatment with sap extract from onion residues postharvest and purslane on the quality and quantity of organic onions. At the bending stage, onions treated with the sap extract showed vigorous growth, with higher plant heights, more leaves, and longer sheath lengths than untreated onions. The onion yield was significantly increased when the plant was treated with extracted sap as compared with that of untreated plants (p<0.05). The bulb weight distribution of onions in the mixed onion and purslane treatment was also significantly increased (~300 g) as compared with that of the other treatment (p<0.05). Except for CaO and S, the mineral content of the onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract mixture was higher than those of onions in the other treatment. The hardness of onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract was significantly increased (8% and 20%, respectively) as compared with that of onions produced from plants treated with the onion extract only or no treatment (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the sugar contents of the onions produced from extract-treated and nonextract-treated plants. Postharvest, the content of inorganic components (phosphate, calcium, sulfuric acid, and manganese) was higher in soil treated with the onion extract than in soil treated with the onion and purslane extract and non-treated soil. It can be concluded that residues left after onion harvests and purslane extract can be used as natural and environmentally friendly materials for the cultivation of organic onions.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 1990

In order to find out the effect of medicinal plant extracts on germination of zoosporan-gium and mycelium growth of Pythium ultimum, this study was carried out. Among 28 species in 16 families of plants tested, plant extracts from 9 species were strongly inhibitory to zoosporan-gium germination of P. ultimum. Plant extracts from 3 species were strongly inhibitory to mycellium growth of P. ultimum. Especially, Paeonia suffruticosa was strongly inhibitory. P. suffruticosa was shown a strong control effect on damping-off of sesame by P. ultimum sesame, but no effect on cucumber. Seed germination of sesame and cucumber was shown phyto-alexin by extract of Phytolacca esculenta.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.359-362
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• 2005

알파전용 액체섬광기를 이용하여 지하수내 Polonium을 간편하고 신속하게 측정하는 방법을 연구하였다. 추출섬광용액으로 HDEHP, TNOA, TOPO 또는 NDA 등을 사용하지만 본 실험에서는 POREX(77g TOPO, 180g Naphthalene, 4.0g PBBO/1L Toluene)를 사용하였다. 지하수의 액상을 $1M\;H_2SO_4-0.01M\;NaCl$로 맞추어주고 0.012M POREX를 추출액으로 사용하여, 분리 추출하므로써 실험의 추출효율 및 재현성을 조사하였다. 위 조건에서의 Polonium 분배계수는 $10^4$ 이상으로 알려져 있다. 표준물질인 Po-209(NIST SRM 4326)를 Po의 측정효율 및 추출효율을 조사하는데 이용하였다. 실제 지하수에 위 실험방법을 적용하여 지하수의 Polonium을 측정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.481-495
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• 2015

The study researched germination of the plants and growth of Fungus according to concentration of aqueous extracts in order to provide basic data for developing natural agricultural resources by using Persicaria longiseta. The seed germination of Amaranthus spinosus was inhibited at 25% P. longiseta extract, while Agrostis stolonifera ssp. palustris was not affected at all concentrations tested. Especially, the seed germination rate and fresh weight of Trifolium incarnatum at 20% P. blumei extract were higher than those of control plot. The early growth of most receptor plant seedlings was promoted at 25% and 50% of P. blumei extracts, but the radicle growth of all receptor plants was significantly inhibited at > 25% of P. longiseta extract. The response of receptor plants to P. longiseta extract was different according to the plant species and the plant parts. The growth of plant pathogenic fungus in PDA medium showed an increasing inhibition tendency with increasing concentrations of P. longiseta extract. Especially, P. longiseta extract showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora infestans, Phythium graminicola, and Pythium venterpoolii. The content of total phenolic compound in P. longiseta was higher in leaves (1082.3 mg/L) but lower in roots (228.6 mg/L) and stems (207.8 mg/L), which is an allelopathic chemical. As these results are summarized, P. longiseta have competitive advantage because they release phenolic compounds with allelopathic effect and affect on germination, growth and fungi growth on underground flora compared to native plants and they have eligibility for natural herbicide and germicide.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.26-30
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• 2000

Degradabilities of the dicamba by microorganisms isolated from soil and by enzymes in the turfgrass, Zoysia Japonica S. were investigated. Five species of dicamba-deading microorganisms including Acidovorax sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Variovorax sp. were isolated from soils by enrichment culture. All strains in nutrient-free inorganic medium treated with 10 ppm of dicamba degraded average 90% of the dicamba 21 days after incubation. 5-Hydroxydicamba, major metabolite, was detected from the culture broth. The half life of dicamba in the phosphate buffer extracts of Zoysia Japonica S. was 2.5 to 2.7 days. Trace amounts of 4- and 5-hydroxydicamba were detected in the extracts.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2005

This study was performed to examine analytical method of a quinolone compound, oxolinic acid in paddy soil by HPLC coupled with UV detector. Two types of soil texture in different regions were used for this experiment. Oxolinic acid was extracted by a 4 M-KOH : MeOH(1 : 3, v/v) mixtures and acidified followed by liquid-liquid partitioning in dichloromethane. Dichlormethane layer was dehydrated, evaporated and analyzed by HPLC (262 nm). Retention time was 10.2 min. The standard calibration curve of oxolinic acid showed linearity ($r^2>0.999^{**}$, y=378.99x+135.08) in the range of $1{\sim}40$ ng. The mean recoveries, evaluated from fortified soil samples at two concentration levels of 0.2 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg, were $90.9{\pm}4.52%$(C.V. 4.97%) and $95.0{\pm}0.23%$(C.V. 0.24%) for soil 1 and $92.2{\pm}1.15%$(C.V. 1.25%) and $93.1{\pm}0.31%$ (C.V. 0.33%) for soil 2, respectively The detection limits of two types of soils were same as 0.05 ppm. Overall, the present analytical method of oxolinic acid by HPLC coupled with UV detector seems to be used reasonably.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2001

마편초과의 좀목형 엽에 함유된 물질의 allelopathy 효과를 구명하기 위해 수용성 엽 추출액, 메탄올 엽 추출액, 엽 분말과 토양과의 혼화된 pot에 각각 상치, 이탈이란라이그라스, 개솔새, 억새 종자를 발아실험하여 발아억제물질을 분석한 결과는다음과 같다. 1. 좀목형 엽 분말을 증류수에 각각 24, 48, 72 시간 침지 후 추출물에 상치, 이탈리안라이그라스, 개솔개, 억새 종자를 파종한 후의 발아율은 각 처리구마다 대조구마다 높은 발아억제를 보였고, 48시간 침지시에는 각각 26.9%, 58.8%, 6.6%, 22.2%의 발아율을 보여 강한 발아억제현상르 보였다. 2. 좀목형 엽 분말을 메탄올 75%에 24, 48시간 침지 후 추출물에 이탈리아라이그사스, 개솔새, 억새 종자를 파종한 후의 발아율은 48시간 추출액때 각각 33.3%, 15.4%, 7.7%를 보여 48시간 수용성 추출액과 24시간 메탄올 추출액보다 강한 발아억제효과가 있었다. 3. 좀목형 엽 분말과 Vermiculite를 1: 99.5: 95, 10:90, 20:80(w/w)으로 구분한 pot에 공시수종을 파종한 결과 엽 분말의 비율이 높을수록 발아억제효과가 컸으며, 엽 분말이 20%인 경우 발아된 부분의 건중량의 비율은 실험구와 대조구간에 비교한 발아율의 비율보다 훨씬 낮아 생장억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. Column chromatography의 TLC를 이용하여 최종 7 fraction을 찾고 생물검정 결과, 5, 6번 fraction에 강한 활성을 나타냈다. 5. UV 와 IR분광분석 결과 UV 분광분석은 256 nm과 336nm에서 흡수 최대를 나타내었으며, 이들은 시르시트시약을 사용하여 검토한 결과 7위에 에테르 결합한 전형적인 플라본류로 추정되었고, IR 분광분석 결과 지방족에 에테르결합이 존재하는 것으로 생각되었다. 6. Py-GC-MS 분석으로부터 5, 6 fraction의 경우 플라본류에 1개의 당이 결합한 배당체 구조이고 B환의 경우 1개 또는 2개 이상의 페놀성 수산기의 존재가 예상되었다.