• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2008

Vibrating-wire strain gauges are widely used for the tunnel instrumentation because of the long-term stability at humid environments. Domestic strain gauges are mainly used in Korea due to the high cost of the foreign strain gauges. The credibility of the domestic strain gauges is not properly proven even though strain gauges produced by many different companies are available in the markets. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the credibility of the 2.5" strain gauges by using a laboratory compression test.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2017

Tunnel excavation in jointed rock mass induces a displacement along tunnel excavation line and its assessment is very important to ensure the stability of tunnel and a demanded space. Tunnel displacement is directly related to the deformation modulus of ground and therefore it is essential to know the value of the parameter. However, most rock masses where tunnels are constructed are generally jointed and it is difficult to find out the deformation modulus of jointed rock mass simply based on an homogeneous isotropic elastic medium because the deformation modulus is highly affected by joint condition as well as rock type. Accordingly, this study carried out extensive numerical parametric studies to examine the variation of deformation modulus in different joint conditions and rock types under the condition of tunnel excavation. The study results were compared with existing empirical relationships and also shown in the chart of deformation modulus variation in different jointed rock mass conditions.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.107-115
• /
• 2000

충적지반에 건설된 원형 단면을 갖는 터널은 지진시에 지반의 전단 변형의 영향을 받아 좌우교차로 경사진 타원형상의 변형을 반복한다. 본 논문에서는 이 특별한 진동모드를 이용하여 지반-터널계의 상호작용 및 면진 효과가 검토되었다. 지반과 터널의 경계가 완전히 결합되어 있는 경우에 대한 지반 -터널계의 상호작용 효과 및 지하 구조물의 지진피해를 줄이는 한가지 방법으로써 터널 주위를 면진재로 피복하는 방법에 대한 면진효과가 토론되었다. 그 결과 면진재의 포아송비를 작게 하거나 지반과 면진재의 전단탄성계수의 비를 증가시킴으로서 면진 효가가 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2007

Loads on the pillar and ground deformation in 2-arch tunnel, which is excavated in the rock mass with regular discontinuities, depending on the dips of discontinuities and the construction sequences were experimentally studied. Large scale model tests in the biaxial test facility were performed. Tested model (width 3.3m, height 3.0m, and length 0.45m) for 2-arch tunnel in 1/10 scale were built with various dips. Test results show that discontinuities have greate affects on the behavior of the 2-arch tunnel, especially on the pillar loads and ground deformation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2008.03a
• /
• pp.59-70
• /
• 2008

도심지 터널의 설계, 시공 그리고 유지관리에 있어서 지반 변위 억제와 변형거동 예측은 중요하다. 국내 외 연구자들은 다양한 수치해석적인 기법과 현장 계측 결과를 이용하여 터널 시공과 관련된 변형거동 예측을 시도하였다. 하지만, 설계물성치의 산정과 지반 모델링 그리고 수치해석기법과 관련된 사용상의 어려움에 의해 아직까지 만족스러운 결과를 얻지는 못하였다. 본 논문은 수치해석적인 기법과 인공신경망을 이용하여 도심지 NATM 터널의 설계 물성치 산정과 변형거동 예측에 관한 방법을 제안하였다. 인공신경망 모델 개발을 위한 학습과 테스트과정은 데이터베이스된 수치해석결과를 이용하였다. 개발된 인공신경망 모델은 입력변수인 지반변위와 결과변수인 설계 물성치 간의 상호관계를 적절히 인식할 수 있다. 수치해석은 지반의 연화거동을 모사할 수 있는 변형률 연화모델을 적용하였다. 사례분석에 있어서 굴착 초기단계의 계측 값을 개발된 인공신경망 모델에 입력하여 설계 물성치를 계산하였으며, 수정된 설계 물성치는 수치해석을 통하여 다음 굴착단계에서의 터널 주변의 지반 변형거동을 예측하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방법을 토대로 시공조건이 엄밀한 도심지 터널의 설계물성치의 정량적인 평가 및 변형거동 예측이 계측이 입수된 초기 굴착단계에서 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.23 no.9
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2007

Urban tunnels are usually important in terms of prediction and control of surface settlement, gradient and ground displacement. This paper has studied the application of strain softening analysis to predict deformation behavior of an urban NATM tunnel. The applied strain softening model considered the reduction of shear stiffness and strength parameter after yielding with strain softening effects of a given material. Measurements of surface subsidence and ground displacement were adopted to monitor the ground behavior resulting from the tunneling and to modify tunnel design. The numerical analysis results produced a strain distribution, deformational mechanism and surface settlement profile, which are in good agreement with the results of case study. The approach of strain softening modeling is expected to be a good prediction method on the ground displacement associated with NATM tunneling at shallow depth and soft ground.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.733-747
• /
• 2017

In the shallow tunnel, the surrounding ground could be loosened and deformed, which could be the cause of stress change in the ground. Terzaghi has clarified the development of a ground arching induced by the deformation of a tunnel crown in the trap door tests. However, he considered only the case in which that the tunnel crown deformed uniformly. He did not consider the effect of deformation shapes. Therefore, the relation between the shape of the ground relaxation above the tunnel crown and the deformation shape of the tunnel crown is not clear yet. In this study, model tests were performed for the three types of the tunnel crown, such as uniform, concave and convex shapes. As results, it was found that the vertical load would be transferred in various types depending on the deformation shapes of the tunnel crown.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.453-463
• /
• 2007

Terzaghi's tunnel pressure theory is generally used to estimate primary design pressures on tunnel support for shield and urban NATM tunnels until now. A trial is made in this paper to investigate the interaction between the ground deformation behavior and Terzaghi's tunnel pressure, which assumes pound's limit (or critical) state, by considering results of 'Terzaghi's tunnel pressure theory. two-dimensional reduced-scale model tunnel tests and nonlinear numerical analysis based on strain softening modeling. A full understanding between tunnel pressure and ground deformation behavior under the tunnel excavation and an effective utilization of this interaction lead to an economical tunnel support design and a safe construction of tunnel.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2010

The paper presents the application of FE simulations of NATM tunnel using different constitutive models. The results from a series of two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses of medium-liner interaction for NATM are presented. Four types of constitutive models are considered, namely, linear elastic, elasto-plastic Mohr-Coulomb, Hardening-Soil, Soft-Soil model. The design for tunnels requires a proper estimate of surface settlement and lining forces. It is shown that the advanced constitutive model gives better predictions for both ground movement and structural forces.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.501-517
• /
• 2011

In general, the tunnel stability during excavation is assessed by comparing measured displacements at roof and sidewall to control criteria. The control criteria were established based on the past experience that considered ground conditions, size of the tunnel cross section, construction method, supports, etc. Therefore, a number of researches on the control criteria using the critical strain have been conducted. However, the critical strain obtained from uniaxial compression tests have drawbacks of not taking damage in rock mass due to increase of stress level and longitudinal arching into account. In this paper, damage-controlled tests simulating stress level and longitudinal arching during tunnel excavation were carried out in addition to uniaxial compression tests to investigate the critical strain characteristics of granite and gneiss that are most abundant rock types in Korean peninsula. Then, the critical strains obtained from damage-controlled tests were compared to those from uniaxial compression tests; the former showed less values than the latter. These results show that the critical strain obtained from uniaxial compression tests has to be reduced a little bit to take stress history during tunnel excavation into account. Moreover, the damage critical strain was proposed to be used for assessment of the brittle failure that usually occurs in deep tunnels.