• Title/Summary/Keyword: 택벌

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Natural Regeneration Characteristics of Pinus koraiensis-Broadleaved Forests after Selective Cutting in Mt. Changbai (장백산지역(長白山地域) 잣나무-활엽수(闊葉樹) 천연림(天然林) 택벌(擇伐) 적지내(跡地內) 천연갱신(天然更新) 특성(特性))

  • Kim, Yong-Huan;Lee, Don Koo;Kang, Ho-Sang
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.94 no.1 s.158
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    • pp.6-10
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to understand the dynamics of naturally regenerated seedlings and saplings in 28years after selective cutting at natural Korean pine-broadleaved forests in Mt. Changbai. The number of naturally regenerated tree species was 16 species in 28 years after selective cutting. The appearance rate of naturally regenerated tree species was 56 percentage and the early-successional tree species of Acer ukurunduense, Acer mono, Acer pseudosieboldianum, Prunus padus var. pubescens, and Maackia amurensis were found in the first 10 years after selective cutting. The seedlings and saplings of shade-tolerant tree species of Pinus koraiensis, Acer mandshuricum, Ulmus laciniata were appeared and the appearance rate was higher than 75% after 15 years while it showed little changes from 19 years after selective cutting. The distribution density of seedlings and saplings of regenerated tree species in selective cutting area was 5,500~6,100 trees per hectare in the first 10 years, and it increased gradually along with the restoration of disturbed area and it could reach 7,500 trees per hectare after 15 years.

Monitoring Restoration of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forests in Warm Temperate Region(I) (난대 기후대의 상록활엽수림 복원 모니터링(I))

  • 오구균;김보현
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.279-289
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    • 1998
  • To monitor vegetation structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest, twenty plots were set up at Wando Arboretum in 1996. Twenty plots were divided into ten experimental plots and control plots. A few evergreen broad-leaved species were planted after selective cutting at ten experimental plots. Dominant species of twenty plots were Quercus acuta, Q. acuta and Carpinus tschonoskii, Pinus densiflora, etc.. Vegetation structure of the experimental plots showed seral stage of succession from P. densiflora community or deciduous broad-leaved forest to Q. acuta community. Dominant species of the experimental plots were changed to Q. acuta or P. densiflora after selective cutting. And a number of species and individuals, coverages etc. were increased at shrub and ground cover layer after treatment.

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Monitoring for the Restoration of Evergreen Broad-leaved forest in Warm Temperate Region(II) (난대 기후대의 상록활엽수림 복원 모니터링(II))

  • 오구균;최송현;나경태;김성현
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.316-323
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    • 2004
  • In order to monitor the vegetation restoration in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, eighteen experimental plots including control plots were established at Wando Arboretum in 1996. Several treatments such as density control, selective cutting and warm temperate species planting were done in the experimental plots. Seven years after the restoration experiments, the important percentage of Quercus acuta showed a tendency to a higher increase in the experiment plots than control plots in Q. Acutu. Also the important percentage of Q. Acuta in Q. acute Carpinus tschonoskii community increased in the tree layer. Pinus densiflora community was increased highly in important percentage of Q. Acuta, As a whole, vegetation structure in the experiment plot showed successional stage to Q. Acutu community. In addition, important percentage of evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs and number of warm temperate species and basal area were increased in the experiment plots while the introduced evergreen broad-leaved trees were declined.

A Basic Survey about Stand Structure of Old Korean Fir(Abies holophylla) Stands in Mt. Sorak (내설악 전(젓)나무 고목림 구조 기초 조사)

  • Chung Eui-Gyung;Youn Young-Il
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.23 no.2 s.58
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    • pp.141-145
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    • 2005
  • Forest stand structure was surveyed to understand the Korean fir (Abies holophylla) dominant forest ecosystem in Nae-Sorak mountain. Despite limited surveyed area, a diverse forest structure, a characteristic in natural forests, is well presented in the area. According to Leibundgut's (1984) classification of forest structure, stand A, B represents declining stage, stand C regeneration stage, stand D combination of stabilizing and declining stage, and stand E unstable stage of selection.

Ecological Investigations on the Managed Forests in Northwestern Europe and Tree Seed-Orchard System (북구(北歐)의 우량임분(優良林分)의 생태(生態) 및 채종원(採種園) 체계(體系)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Chi Moon
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.239-249
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    • 1982
  • The outlines of superior stands, including species mixed, age classes, canopies, and ecological conditions of the stands, were examined in the forests of west Germany, Sweden, and Netherland. The establishment schemes of tree seed orchards for the production of high genetic quality seed were also investigated in the present study. 1. The meteorological conditions, abundant in precipitation and high in relative humidity, prove it to be oceanic climate characteristics in the Scandinavia located in high latitude and north-western part of Europe. The photo periodical characteristics following to day-length and the frost times determine the patterns of tree growth and distribution as well as the tree adaptability due to bud-setting and bud-flushing in Sweden forest. 2. The European forests are generally characterized by dense multistoried forest type composed of upper stories of tall tree species such as Norway spruce, fir, Scots pine and beech, lower stories of shade tolerant poles and saplings of spruce, fir, beech, and floor vegetations covered with birch, oak and hornbeam etc. 3. The single tree selection method and group shelterwood method are commonly applied for silvicultural system but shelterwood method and clearcutting method practiced partially in limited area. Badischer Femelschlagbetrieb and Bayerischer Femelschlagbetrieb are popularized to the regeneration of Schwarzwald but selection method applied in part. 4. Tree cuttings are properly limited so as not to exceed annual increment volume for the sustained yield and the preservation of ecosystem in European forest management. Land preservation and recreation function are more interested with the promotion of wood production in the forest management. 5. Careful attentions are paid to the reforestation of the introduced exotic species, such as Douglas-fir, red oak, pines from America, Japanese larch, Italian poplar etc., with concern against the insect and pest damage, and the meteorological damage. 6. Some intensive studies on tree improvement, such as selection of plus tree, selection of plus stand for seed collection, provenance trial, progeny test of clone, hybrid seed orchard for clone complexing, are performed in the countries and the great part of the seed required for reforestation are supplied from the seed orchard established in Sweden and Netherland.

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Regeneration and Tending Practices for Natural Mixed Stands of Quercus mongolica-Abies holophylla II. Prediction of Futures Stand Structure using Rate of Increment (신갈나무-전나무 천연(天然) 혼효임분(混淆林分)의 갱신(更新) 및 무육방법(撫育方法) II. 생장률(生長率)을 이용(利用)한 미래(未來) 임분구조(林分構造)의 예측(豫測))

  • Shin, Man Yong;Lim, Joo Hoon;Chun, Young Woo;Ko, Yung Zu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.81 no.2
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    • pp.146-155
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    • 1992
  • The natural mixed stand in Jindong-Ri, according to a recent study, showed the possibility of selection cutting as a silvicultural system based on the stand structure such as DBH distribution and height distribution. However, volume structure per DBH class of this stand had not a mature stand of selection cutting. In this study, wherefore, the rate of increment for DBH and volume was used to predict the future stand structure including volume distribution per DBH class. The possibility of selection cutting was then discussed using the future stand structure. From the prediction of future stand structure for 30 years per every 10 years, it could be concluded that the stand will be induced to selection cutting forest because of enough number of trees in objective DBH class and above, total volume per hectare, and the volume of large DBH class which can be harvested every year. However, this stand still did not show the structure of typical selection cutting which has the rate of 1 : 2 : 7 in the number of trees per hectare and the volume rate of 5 : 3 : 2 for large, medium, and small DBH class. This problem could be improved by appropriate silvicultural treatments.

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Stand Structure and Seedling Recruitment of Abies holophylla Stands in Yong-In Area, Gyeonggi (경기도 용인 지역 전나무 임분의 구조 및 천연 갱신)

  • Park, Pil-Sun;Jeon, Yoon-Goo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.99 no.1
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    • pp.153-162
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    • 2010
  • Abies holophylla Maxim. is a shade tolerant species that has potential to be used for continuous cover forestry system. Stand structure and natural regeneration of A. holophylla stands in Yong-In area located in the central part of Korea was investigated to estimate the self sustainability of A. holophylla plantation. Species composition, diameter at breast height (DBH) and height distribution of trees larger than 2 cm DBH were measured in ten stands in three study sites of Jeongsu-ri, Daedae-ri, and Hodong. Species and coverage of shrub layer, and A. holophylla seedlings were also investigated. While A. holophylla in non-managed stands (Jengsuri and Daedae-ri study sites) had the importance value of 40% and showed continuous diameter and age distribution, A. holophylla in Hodong site had narrow bell-shaped DBH distribution mostly concentrating between 25-35 cm DBH classes, and single canopy structure. Abies holophylla stands in Hodong have experienced occasional thinning and selective cutting. The correlation coefficient between age-DBH was significant but low ($R^2$=0.2, P=0.03), and similar aged A. holophylla had diverse DBH values. Continuos DBH distribution and multi-canopy structure of A. holophylla stands in Jeongsu-ri site show that natural regeneration of A. holophylla has been continuously occurred in this area. Seedling density of A. holophylla was between 2000 and 33000/ha, however, the number of trees in 2-5 cm DBH class was only 40-150 trees/ha, implying that the survival rate of seedlings is not high. Continuous natural regeneration and 0.6 cm/year of diameter growth rate of A. holophylla indicate that this area could be an appropriate habitat for this species, and A. holophylla plantation in this region seem to persist suggesting the possibility of managing the stands for continuous cover forestry system as well as selective harvesting practices.

Regeneration and Tending Practices for Natural Mixed Stands of Quercus mongolica-Abies holophylla I. Stand Structure and Silvicultural System (신갈나무-전나무 천연(天然) 혼효임분(混淆林分)의 경신(更新) 및 무육방법(撫育方法) I. 임분구조(林分構造)와 작업종(作業種))

  • Shin, Man Yong;Lim, Joo Hoon;Chun, Young Woo;Ko, Yung Zu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.81 no.1
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 1992
  • This study was conducted to provide basic information for deciding silvicultural system appropriate to a natural mixed stand in Jindong-Ri. For this, the stand structure such as DBH distribution, height distribution, and volume per DBH class were analyzed and the possibility of selection cutting as a silvicultural system was discussed. The DBH structure of the stand has reverse J-shaped diameter distribution which is typical in a selection cutting stand. The possibility of selection cutting is also accepted in the height structure by showing multi-storied height distribution of the stand. On the other hand, volume structure per DBH class did not show the mature stand of selection cutting due mainly to the lack of number of trees at 30cm DBH class and above. It seems that the unclear part of stand structure should be solved by further studies. Also, the rate of increment for DBH and volume should be estimated to predict the future stand structure.

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A Study on Forestation for Landscaping around the Lakes in the Upper Watersheds of North Han River (북한강상류수계(北漢江上流水系)의 호수단지주변삼림(湖水団地周辺森林)의 풍경적시업(風景的施業)에 관(関)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ho, Ul Yeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 1981
  • Kangweon-Do is rich in sightseeing resources. There are three sightseeing areas;first, mountain area including Seolak and Ohdae National Parks, and chiak Provincial Park; second eastern coastal area; third lake area including the watersheds of North Han River. In this paper, several methods of forestation were studied for landscaping the North Han River watersheds centering around Chounchon. In Chunchon lake complex, there are four lakes; Uiam, Chunchon, Soyang and Paro from down to upper stream. The total surface area of the above four lakes is $14.4km^2$ the total pondage of them 4,155 million $m^3$, the total generation of electric power of them 410 thousand Kw, and the total forest area bordering on them $1,208km^2$. The bordering forest consists of planned management forest ($745km^2$) and non-planned management forest ($463km^2$). The latter is divided into green belt zone, natural conservation area, and protection forest. The forest in green belt amounts to $177km^2$ and centers around the 10km radios from Chunchon. The forest in natural conservation area amounts to $165km^2$, which is established within 2km sight range from the Soyang-lake sides. Protection forest surrounding the lakes is $121km^2$ There are many scenic places, recreation gardens, cultural goods and ruins in this lake complex, which are the same good tourist resources as lakes and forest. The forest encirelng the lakes has the poor average growing stock of $15m^3/ha$, because 70% of the forest consists of the young plantation of 1 to 2 age class. The ration of the needle-leaved forest, the broad-leaved forest and the mixed forest in 35:37:28. From the standpoint of ownership, the forest consists of national forest (36%), provincial forest (14%), Gun forest (5%) and private forest(45%). The greater part of the forest soil, originated from granite and gneiss, is much liable to weathering. Because the surface soil is mostly sterile, the fertilization for improving the soil quality is strongly urged. Considering the above-mentioned, the forestation methods for improving landscape of the North Han River Watersheds are suggested as follows: 1) The mature-stage forest should be induced by means of fertilizing and tendering, as the forest in this area is the young plantation with poor soil. 2) The bare land should be afforested by planting the rapid growing species, such as rigida pine, alder, and etc. 3) The bare land in the canyon with moderate moist and comparatively rich soil should be planted with Korean-pine, larch, ro fir. 4) Japaness-pine stand should be changed into Korean-pine, fir, spruce or hemlock stand from ravine to top gradually, because the Japanese-pine has poor capacity of water conservation and great liability to pine gall midge. 5) Present hard-wood forest, consisting of miscellaneous trees comparatively less valuable from the point of wood quality and scenerity, should be change into oak, maple, fraxinus-rhynchophylla, birch or juglan stand which is comparatively more valuable. 6) In the mountain foot within the sight-range, stands should be established with such species as cherry, weeping willow, white poplar, machilus, maiden-hair tree, juniper, chestnut or apricot. 7) The regeneration of some broad-leaved forests should be induced to the middle forest type, leading to the harmonious arrangement of the two storied forest and the coppice. 8) For the preservation of scenery, the reproduction of the soft-wood forest should be done under the selection method or the shelter-wood system. 9) Mixed forest should be regenerated under the middle forest system with upper needle-leaved forest and lower broad-leaved forest. In brief, the nature's mysteriousness should be conserved by combining the womanly elegance of the lakes and the manly grandeur of the forest.

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