• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.32
• /
• pp.371-397
• /
• 2016

The function of the Duhak nongak(農樂) in Jecheon consist of Ceremony, Labor, and Entertainment. Before the commemorative rites for village god village people beat a small gong. This is a evidence of the drive away evil spirits in New Year's Eve of the lunar year. Before harden house site village peoples beat musical instrument noisily. In order to press hard the god of the earth they play musical instrument. Musical instrument not a simple musical instrument, but a purify and wish tool. When weeding a rice paddy Durae organized in Sangpung village. Durae are less effective than communal sharing of labor in weeding effect. Nonetheless, Nongak carried out core function in Durae. In order to participate Nonngak concours, peoples made a Pangut. From independence to 1970s people combine traditional nongak and Pangut. Since then village people played Pangut. From 1990s Pangut was played by Duhak Nonngak Preservation Association. Through the participation Nonngak concours, Duhak nongak was regrouped. Finally this nongak prepared Taeguk-jin, Snail-jin, Cross-jin, Sabang-jin, Sanggyeonrae Bans anggyeonrae-jin, Palbang-jin, Rope making and individual play. Duhak Nonngak promptly met the needs of the times. So, they could play Pangut. The feature of the Duhak Nonngak is that active cognition, highly skilled musician a patron and scouting a competent leader.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.59
• /
• pp.371-393
• /
• 2018

Jeong Yak-yong attempted to establish a new philosophical system through the criticism on Neo-Confucianism. The most important area among the ideas of Dasan is on the ethical thoughts. He has a tremendous interest in the ethical education as well as ethical thought. During his exile, he gathered children around and educated them by editing "Jegyeong(弟經)". Dasan regarded "Sohak(小學)" to have some problems in educating children. Thus, he reconstructed the contents of "Sohak" and edited "Jegyeong". "Jegyeong" is more concise than Sohak and is a textbook focusing on children which is mainly composed of practical etiquette in the everyday life. It contains etiquettes to parents, teachers and adults, etiquettes on food in the everyday life and etiquettes between men and women. Although the contents does not exceed the scope of Sohak, he selected reasonable contents and composed with practical contents. Thus, it is practical. Dasan also attempted to make a novel interpretation on Saseo (四書), i.e., Noneo, Maengja, Daehak and Jungyong. His new interpretation on Saseo can be considered as ethical textbooks in a broad sense. Dasan considered the key ethical principle of Saseo (四書) to be Seo (恕). Accordingly, he thought it is very important to understand and practice ethical principle of Seo (恕). Dasan studied and annotated "Simgyeong(心經)" and "Sohak(小學)" for self moral discipline. And, he thought it is utmost important to understand and accept the existence of Sangje (上帝) in order to keep moral mind. He believed it to be important to have Gyesingonggu (戒愼恐懼), which is to aware and respect the existence of Sangje (god) for self discipline and Sindok (愼獨) to be cautious about things that only he was aware of. He thought that if people are aware of Sangje (上帝) and make dialog with Sangje, the will of Sangje could be expressed into Dosim (道心). In the ethical education, it can be said that, ultimately, the awareness on the absolute being is the most important point to Dasan.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.67-90
• /
• 2022

A C-46 transport aircraft, which can be thought of as a large cultural heritage item from the modern period, was subjected to paint analysis and conservation treatment in preparation for its exhibition. The C-46 is the first aircraft ever dispatched to overseas combat zones by the Korean Air Force and carried out missions during the Vietnam War. The aircraft is mainly made of aluminum and shows signs of corrosion on its surface, including pitting and etching, as well as gray and white powdery attachments. In the analysis of the paint, diatomite(SiO₂·nH₂O) was confirmed in the red paint, titanium dioxide(TiO₂) was identified in the white paint, black iron oxide(Fe₃O₄) was detected in the black paint, and colcothar(Fe₃O₄) mixed with putty was confirmed in the blue paint. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the use of alkyd resin in the paint on the main body and nitrocellulose in the Taegeuk pattern. During the conservation treatment, mechanical cleaning, such as sanding, was conducted to remove paint and varnish from the surface. Corrosion was removed by sanding and cleaning with chemical solvents, and new paints and varnishes were applied. Through the paint analysis and conservation treatment, the aircraft was made available for exhibition in a stable condition.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.27
• /
• pp.63-84
• /
• 2009

I analyzed about the Ruyi(儒醫)'s mind on this article. Ruyi led and Nei-Jing (內經)'s Xin(心)-Shen(神)-Qingzhi(情志) it developed a medical theory. Qingzhi comes true confucianism aims became the good tool. Junhuo(君火)-Xianghuo(相火) for them to apply medically. Junhuo-Xianghuo is a possibility of seeking a ground from Nei-Jing. Junhuo governs all body and Xianghuo takes charge of the role which raises the body. It is to divide huo(火)with relationship of the king and the liege man. After Yuan-dynasty(元代) Ruyi medical sciences grasped Junhuo-Xianghuo with confucianism structures. The representative scholar is Zhu zhen-heng(朱震亨). I analyzed Zhu's Junhuo-Xianghuo. Xin-huo rules over the body. For expression of active Chi, it set the dual structure-'Junhuo-Xianghuo'. And it divided Junhuo from desire and sentiment. And Zhu zhen-heng attempted Taoism and medical science and Confucianism from the process under integrating. And analyzed Junhuo-Xianghuo Confucianism meaning. With Junhuo-Xianghuo and Confucianism described a relationship in the Zhu zhen-heng's theory. Finally view of Ruyi, medical science is the method of confucianism aims comes true.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to derive a new model for popular democracy in the modern society. The problem is exacerbated as the original model of democracy, isonomia, has faded and modern democracy is operated as a democracy in which the masses rule. Democracy is exposing a bigger problem due to the economic inequality caused by the majority rule and the capitalist economic system. Popular democracy, in which all the masses are equally qualified as sovereigns, is a structure in which cunning politicians can easily seize power if the voters are not wise. Isonomia is a system in which free people who solve economic problems on their own and have honesty, courage, dedication, sacrifice and sincerity set laws with the same qualifications, and keep the laws themselves, is a system that depends heavily on the conscience and virtue of free people. Modern popular democracy embodies the absolute equality of the sovereign regardless of economic power, but without the spirit of sacrifice and dedication to the community, those who can win popularity by wrapping themselves up as if they are sacrificial and capable people may seize power. This study presents a service-oriented democracy as a system that can maintain the merits of modern popular democracy while embodying the essence of isonomia. The system was implemented focusing on the qualifications for virtue, such as honesty, courage, sacrifice, integrity, etc., fair to all regardless of wealth. Human imperfections have been supplemented by the use of artificial intelligence. The assumption about the nature of the sovereign and public officials' agents was newly established, and the winner-take-allism problem was solved. This study proved that both the philosophy of Isonomia and the merits of Democracy can be realized through service-oriented democracy based on the common principle of humanity and the philosophy of service. Service-oriented democracy can be called revision democracy.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.32
• /
• pp.137-173
• /
• 2019

Modern scientists are trying to find the basic unit of order, fractal geometry, in the complex systems of the universe. Fractal is a term often used in mathematics or physics, it is appropriate as a principle to explain why some models of ultimate reality are represented as multifaceted. Fractals are already widely used in the field of computer graphics and as a commercial principle in the world of science. In this paper, using observations from fractal geometry, I present the embodiment of ultimate reality as understood in Daesoon Thought. There are various models of ultimate reality such as Dao (道, the way), Sangje (上帝, supreme god), Sinmyeong (神明, Gods), Mugeuk (無極, limitlessness), Taegeuk (太極, the Great Ultimate), and Cheonji (天地, heaven and earth) all of which exist in Daesoon Thought, and these concepts are mutually interrelated. In other words, by revealing the fact that ultimate reality is embodied within fractal geometry, it can be shown that concordance and transformation of various models of ultimate reality are supported by modern science. But when the major religions of the world were divided along lines of personality (personal gods) and non-personality (impersonal deities), most religions came to assume that ultimate reality was either transcendental or personal, and they could not postulate a relationship between God and humanity as Yin Yang (陰陽) fractals (Holon). In addition, religions, which assume ultimate reality as an intrinsic and impersonal being, are somewhat different in terms of their degree of Holon realization - all parts and whole restitution. Daesoon Thought most directly states that gods (deities) and human beings are in a relationship of Yin Yang fractals. In essence, "deities are Yin, and humanity is Yang" and furthermore, "human beings are divine beings." Additionally, in the Daesoon Thought, these models of ultimate reality are presented through various concepts from various viewpoints, and they are revealed as mutually interrelated concepts. As such, point of view regarding the universe wherein Holarchy becomes a models in a key idea within perennial philosophy. According to a universalized view of religious phenomena, perennial philosophy was adopted by the world's great spiritual teachers, thinkers, philosophers, and scientists. From this viewpoint, when ultimate reality coincides, human beings and God are no longer different. In other words, the veracity of the theory of ultimate reality that has appeared in Daesoon Thought can find support in both modern science and perennial philosophy.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.311-322
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to ascertain pattern design element in traditional palaces among those in the neighboring three nations of East Asia, notably Korea, China and Japan. The basic assumption underlying this study is that these northeastern Asian states have been developed a unique inter-cultural ties over long periods of time in history, culminating in their respective design cultures. Undoubtly the ultimate goal to be pursued, by so doing, has to be inquiry into the identical prototype of Korean pattern design element. In the West, the pattern is appreciated by an aesthetic level, but the East Asian pattern is a symbolic alphabet deeply rooted in religious and folk beliefs. The difference of the respective country comes from the expression style of the pattern the Chinese express the magnificent pattern with various color, the Korean do the moderate pattern with harmonious color with the nature and the Japanese do the stylized pattern with the material color. To sum up similarities and dissimilarities among the design element in traditional palaces of Korea, China, and Japan is as the following : It is to be noticed that the mainly common characteristics of the artistic design are 'naturalism', 'harmonious ideas 'and 'confucianism'. But the representation style of the design element is differed from the country.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.25-40
• /
• 1999

View of Lee Je-ma's "Hyung Sang" is one of the methods of classification of Constitution. In this study, I studied the "Hyung Sang" as medical histologically, and get the results as follow; 1. "The book of changes" is classified to the sciences of divination of "Sang-Soo", which is consisted with "Sang (image)" and "Soo (number)", and "Wae-Ri", which explained the meaning of a divination sign as "nature" or virtue of divination sign. 2. Lee Je-ma is accepted the concepts of science of divination of "Wae-Ri" based on Confucianism in the discription of "The book of changes". And also he established the new "Sasang Constitutional Medicine" theory based on the "Joung-Young". 3. "The book of changes" is discribed phenomena as "Sang" and "Soo" involving "Three elements", which are heaven, earth, and individual, and "Yin-Yang". Lee Je-ma accepted the concept of "Sang" in science of divination of "Sang-Soo" and established the "Four elements", which are affairs, mind, body, and objects, constituting "Three elements". 4. In the method of "Sasang" type classifying, Lee Je-ma used "Four elements", which attach importance to structure and function of human body rather than "Yin-Yang", which explain relatively.

• KOMUNHWA
• /
• no.69
• /
• pp.41-62
• /
• 2007

This thesis is focused on the bat symbol, especially prevalent crafts’ pattern in late Joseon period on museum collections. For the use and reperception of them, I am aimed for appropriate analysis of bat symbol by co connotation which reflects the characteristics on number.plastic.color symbol. This point of view, bat idea and bat paintings in Joseon period will be the source of meanings to the denotation of bat patterns. In the museum collections, bat paintings and patterns are calculated 324 objects. By functional classification, the bat patterns on dwelling-crafts for the royal and for the people will be discussed. In result, the bat paintings were only a few, however, usually connoted Taoist hermit with super-natural powers.longevity.protector of Lightning-God.praying for long life, which were based on Taoism. Meanwhile the bat symbol of dwelling-crafts for the royal projected the longevity and prosperity of king and queen. By he Five Blessings and good auspices in Ching dynasty, number of '5.4' implied 'Five Blessings', Through the correct recognition of homo-phone, "a bat(蝠, fu)=happiness(福, fu)$\rArr$five bats(五蝠)$\rArr$Five Blessings(五福 )." In the case of bat symbol on the dwelling-crafts for the people, especially its for women, it expressed on the metal-decoration of furniture and paper-crafts. In the metal-decoration, the signified of bat symbol were expellant-evil('guard') that of characteristic signifier, white-silver color, number '1' and 'flying-type'. The bat symbol on paper-crafts for the people signified 'double happiness'.harmony.sons with number of '2', 'Five Colors' and the transformation of 'flying-type'. Accordingly, the bat symbol on the dwelling-crafts for the people marked 'happiness and guard', because the people had concrete cognition the bat symbol as a denotation of 'happiness and 'guard' by itself

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.904-909
• /
• 1996

To investigate effects of sugars on the retrogradation of rice flour gels, sucrose and isomaltooligosaccharide (1, 2, and 5%, w/w on the flour basis were added to 50% Dongjinbyeo rice flour gels and stored at different temperature $(20^{\circ}C,\;4^{\circ}C)$ far 1, 3 and 6 days. Changes on the degree of retrogradation (DR) of these rice flour gels were measured by α-amylase-iodine method, DSC and X-ray diffractometry. DRs of rice flour gels increased over storage and showed a rapid increase up to 3 days and then decreased thereafter. DRs of rice flour gels with sucrose or oligosaccharide also increased rapidly until 3 day storage but these values were lower than those of rice flour gels without sugar. DRs of rice flour gels with oligosaccharide were lower than those of gels with sucrose. Changes in enthalpy of rice flour gels measured by DSC showed the same tendency with those in DRs of rice flour gels by ${\alpha}-amylase-iodine$ method, but varied with sugar levels.