• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.171-183
• /
• 2007

Urban transport demand is derived from activity participation. A variety of individual daily activities based on the decisions on activity participation result in collective spatial behavior. The travel derived from the effort to overcome the spatially distributed locations of adjacent activities represents the detailed structural relationships among activities. An activity-based approach provides an important framework of analyzing contemporary urban daily life in the sense that it studies the interaction between individuals' daily decision making and social practice in time and space, on the one hand, and socio-spatial environment on the other. The current study identifies representative patterns of urban daily activity implementations and analyzes the correlation between representative patterns and individuals' characteristics and contextual characteristics. The study shows that urban daily activity patterns can be grouped in a limited number of representative patterns, which are systematically correlated with socio-spatial characteristics. The results provide related transportation policy implications.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

Until now, the study of Internet addiction have focused on (1)Internet overuse (2)addiction (3)the real situation of disability in order. This approach have given a social awareness about Internet addiction as well as have been used as base for introduction of psychological and emotional means to prevent and treat Internet addiction. However, There are very few an ethical approach that is related in human values that what purpose does people use Internet for and how to use Internet. Accordingly, This study provides teleological, deontological, virtue and responsible ethics of Internet addiction. And, this study insist that Internet addiction is a wrongdoing on the basis of four ethical views. Based on these claims, this study stress the needs for Internet ethical education as a program to prevent and treat Internet addiction and se to tu1rn pop1 computer ethics into theoretical computer ethics.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2002

If the stage of establishing concept in interaction design approaches only analytic and numeral & quantitative aspects, it would be lack of new and creative ideas of concept for the suitable and proper relationship among the human and tools or machinery which is required in interaction design. This study has explored the possibility of access through the research of diverse point of views in the various knowledge systems about the relationship. That is this study has expanded from improvement-intended approach as analyzing human and tools and solving problems with analytic and engineering aspect to value-intended approach as pursuing new ideas though various points of relationship. Or so, to examine 'Relationship' in other knowledge systems, it could be the basic research for more deepening and specific study in interaction design. To integrate this study, at first, it deals with interaction design and process. Through the specific method, it has investigated the current interaction design and related studies. In the next, it has researched the study of relationship in oriental and western philosophy, cultural science, social science, natural science and engineering so it has examined the relationship in the various points of knowledge systems. Based on the contents, it has considered the possibility of access in interaction design to explain the relationship in the various points of knowledge systems.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2020

In this study, we propose research methods to explore the nature of earth science by applying the phenomenological approach and NOS-family resemblance approach based on literature review. The phenomenological approach exploring the nature of earth science is a method of collecting, analyzing and synthesizing multifaceted features of earth science from intuitive sensory phenomena without prejudice. As a way of exploring the nature of earth science from a phenomenological point of view, we propose the NOS-family resemblance approach to the NOS. This approach provides a comprehensive explanation of NOS by combining the characteristics shared by different areas of science with distinct differences. Applying this method to exploring the nature of earth science, we can identify both domain-general and domain-specific characteristics that make sub-areas of earth science a 'family.' For example, through the networking of features shared by such sub-areas as geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, astronomy, earth system science, etc., we can extract the family-resemblance characteristics that make these sub-areas a family called earth science. Through these approaches to the nature of earth science, the richness, complexity, and dynamic nature of earth science can be revealed as a whole. In addition, we will be able to grasp the change in the sub-areas that constitute the earth science, which in turn changes the nature of earth science, and to contribute to establishing the status and development system of earth science as a school subject.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.66 no.2
• /
• pp.150-162
• /
• 2022

In this study, we investigated pre-service science teachers' NOS-PCK by analyzing their NOS lesson planning and demonstration. Four pre-service science teachers participated in the study. They planned and demonstrated NOS lessons in the context of 'Science Inquiry Experiment' developed under the 2015 Revised National Curriculum. Their lessons were observed. All of the teaching-learning materials were collected, and semi-structured interviews were also conducted. The analyses of the result revealed that pre-service teachers mainly referred to the curriculum and textbooks when selecting the NOS learning objectives. However, they felt difficulty because the curriculum and textbooks did not clearly present the NOS to be dealt. Although all of them took explicit approaches, there were not many open and divergent reflective approaches. In addition, they expected that high school students would consider scientific knowledge absolute and would have negative perceptions of NOS lessons. They rarely assessed students' NOS learning, and were reluctant to assess. Finally, most of them had a negative perception that learning NOS is not necessary for all students. On the bases of the results, educational implications for improving the expertise of pre-service science teachers in NOS lessons were discussed.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.275-292
• /
• 2010

In this study, we discussed the way to teach algebra earlier through investigating to research trends of Early Algebra and researching about nature of subject involving algebra. There is a strong view that arithmetic and algebra have analogous forms and that algebra is on extension to arithmetic. Nevertheless, it is also possible to present a perspective that the fundamental goal and role of symbols and letters are difference between arithmetic and algebra. And, we could recognize that geometry was starting point of algebra trough historical perspectives. To consider these, we extracted some of possible directions to approaches to teach algebra earlier. To access to teaching algebra earlier, following ways are possible. (1) To consider informal strategy of young children. (2) Arithmetic reasoning considered of the algebraic relation. (3) Starting to algebraic reasoning in the context of geometrical problem situation. (4) To present young students to tool of letters and formular.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2017

구문분석은 자연언어처리의 오랜 관심 분야로 다양한 접근방법과 알고리즘이 시도되어 계속 발전하고 있다. 하지만 기존의 접근방법은, 학습단계에서는 정답으로부터 추출된 이전 정보를 사용하고 평가 단계에서는 예측으로 이루어진 정보를 활용한다는 근본적인 차이가 있다. 이러한 차이를 극복하기 위한 다양한 시도가 있었고 그 중 동적 오라클 기법이 합리적인 시간 증가와 성능향상을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 동적 오라클 기법을 한국어 구문분석에 적용하였다. 동적 오라클 기법을 한국어에 적용할 때 고려해야하는 부분에 대해 탐구하고 실험을 통해 동적 오라클 기법을 한국어 구문분석에 적용하여 결과를 살펴보았다.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2017

구문분석은 자연언어처리의 오랜 관심 분야로 다양한 접근방법과 알고리즘이 시도되어 계속 발전하고 있다. 하지만 기존의 접근방법은, 학습단계에서는 정답으로부터 추출된 이전 정보를 사용하고 평가 단계에서는 예측으로 이루어진 정보를 활용한다는 근본적인 차이가 있다. 이러한 차이를 극복하기 위한 다양한 시도가 있었고 그 중 동적 오라클 기법이 합리적인 시간 증가와 성능향상을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 동적 오라클 기법을 한국어 구문분석에 적용하였다. 동적 오라클 기법을 한국어에 적용할 때 고려해야하는 부분에 대해 탐구하고 실험을 통해 동적 오라클 기법을 한국어 구문분석에 적용하여 결과를 살펴보았다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.144-160
• /
• 2013

This study is a proposal, which is the trial to explicate, in neurology, on how critical thinking as a creative method of sciences functions. The creative methods of sciences, even at present, are mostly the hypothetical insistences concerning with the logical processes of researches suggested from the philosophers of science; Popper, Kuhn, Hempel, or Lakatos. These insistences do excavate what process or approach can be scoped out of scientists' creativity. I call the tendency or approach of the researches, "Process Approach of Creativity (PAC)". From my view point, any PAC trial does not concern with how creative theories can actually be invented. On the other hand, this study is focused on the philosophical thinking abilities of scientists who invented new great theories. They mostly had some experiences to study philosophy while studying their science fields, thus had critical thinking abilities on their studies. From my point of view, critical thinking in philosophy raised questions as to their fundamental and basic (old) concepts and principles, and thus gave them new creative theories. I will try to explain this from the point of neurophilosophy. From the perspectives coming from "the state space theory of representation" of Paul & Patricia Churchland, the pioneers of neurophilosphy, the "creative theories" are the networks of topographic maps giving new comprehensive explanations and predictions. From these perspectives, I presuppose that the attitude of critical questioning revises the old networks of maps with back-propagation or feedback, and thus, is the generative power of searching new networks of maps. From the presupposition, I can say, it is important that scientists reflect on the basic premises in their academic branches for issuing out extraordinary creativity. The critical attitude of philosophy can make scientists construct the maps of new conceptual scheme by shaking the maps of the old basic premises. From this context, I am able to propose "Critical Thinking Approach of Creativity (CTAC)".

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.18 no.3 s.20
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2004

본고는 수학적 창의성과 관련한 논문으로 이를 창의적인 사람, 창의적인 산출물, 창의적인 과정이란 일반 창의성 연구자들이 연구하고 있는 분야로부터 유추적으로 논의를 시도하였다. 이런 접근으로부터, 얻을 수 있는 몇 가지 가정들은 다음과 같은 것이 있다. 첫 번째, 일반 보통아들을 대상으로 하는 공교육에서도 창의성 교육을 할 수 있으며, 이는 수학교과에도 적합한 진술이다. 두 번째, 현상학적 입장으로 부터 학교에서 교수${\cdot}$ 학습되고 있는 학교수학이 학생들 입장에서 보면 학습해야 할 필요가 있는 적절하고 새로운 지식이란 점을 공고히 해 주었다. 또한, 여기서 강조한 것은 새롭고 적절한 지식이 완성된 지식뿐만 아니라 발생상태 그대로의 지식 즉, 과정으로서의 지식도 포함하고 있음을 제안하였다. 세 번째, 수학자가 수학을 탐구하는 과정을 창의성 연구자들이 보듯이 인지과정으로 보는 대신에 한 수학적 아이디어를 이로부터 하나의 완성된 수학적 지식을 완성하기까지의 수학적 사고과정으로 보는 것이 수학교육적 의미에서 교수${\cdot}$ 학습에 의미가 있음을 살펴보았다.