• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2000

Depending on the fish species the vascular tone is distinctively regulated by numerous vasoactive substances. In most fish species the regulatory role of autonomic neurotransmitters and other vasoactive substances are not well defined. This research was designed to delineate the regulatory role of various endogenous autonomic neurotransmitters known to be important in mammalian vascular systems on isolated Israeli carp ventral aorta. Acetylcholine(ACh) contracted the aorta regardless of the pre-existing level of vascular tone, and the contraction was almost completely abolished by a cholinergic-muscarinic antagonist atropine. Endogenous, multiple receptor ($\alpha$ and $\beta$)-acting adrenergic agonist epinephrine (Epi) relaxed the vessel in the presence and absence of the pre-existing tones. Another endogenous multiple receptoracting agonist norepinephrine (NE) weakly contracted the aorta in non-preconstrcted state, but the response was reversed to relaxation when preconstricted. Isoproterenol, ${\alpha}\;{\beta}$ adrenergic receptor agonist, was a potent vasodilator whereas an ${\alpha}_1$ agonist phenyephrine was a contractor. The ${\alpha}_2$ adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine has not any significant effect in altering the vascular tone. The vasorelaxing action of Epi, NE and isoproterenol was significantly attenuated by $\beta$ receptor antagonist propranolol. These results imply that ACh may primarily play a contractor role via muscarinic receptor activation while adrenergic agonists, Epi and NE, are relaxants through activation of $\beta$ adrenergic receptors in vivo.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2009

Biological Characteristics of Lycorma delicatula and insecticidal activity of some insecticides against nymphs of L. delicatula was investigated. Nymph of L. delicatula had 4 instars, and color of body was black. There were white spots on the body of 1st-3rd nymph. Upper body became red at 4th nymph. Adult forewings were brownish, and had black spots. Color of hind wing were red. The egg mass was covered with a yellowish brown secretion. The adult of L. delicatula emerged once a year. Among test insecticides, deltamethrin 1% EC and fenitrothion 50% EC showed very quick and strong insecticidal activity against the 2nd-3rd nymphs of L. delicatula. Imidacloprid 4% SL and clothianidin 8% SC showed 100% insecticidal activity at 24h after treatment. Thiacoprid 10% SC revealed the weakest insecticidal activity among the insecticides tested.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2012

Esthetics is important in restoring maxillary anterior area. Alveolar bone resorption and loss of interdental papilla may be minimized by immediate implantation. Previous studies showed successful results with the immediate implantation in healthy extraction socket, while many of these studies objected the immediate implantation into extraction sites with periapical lesions. Recent studies, however, reported successful results of the immediate implantation into extraction sites with periapical lesions with careful debridement of extraction sockets and general medication of antibiotics prior to implantation. A 73-year-old female visited the department of Prosthodontics in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University Dental Hospital with the chief complaint of fallen post-core and crown on left maxillary incisor. Although the incisor was with vertical root fracture and periapical lesion, the immediate implantation following the extraction of tooth was planned. Thorough socket debridement, irrigation with chlorhexidine, and tetracycline soaking were followed by immediate implantation. The general medication of antibiotics (Moxicle Tab.$^{(R)}$, 375 mg) was prescribed before and after the surgery. Immediate provisional restoration was delivered two days after the surgery, and the definitive metal-ceramic restoration was placed about six months later after reproducing the emergence profile from the provisional restoration. This case presents satisfying result esthetically and functionally upto two years after the placement of prosthesis with the harmonious gingival line and no loss of marginal bone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1139-1144
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Pueraria flos as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Pueraria flos a were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash were 69.2%, 19.9%, 2.2% and 8.9%, respectively, and calories was 340.4 kcal. Total dietary fiber was 85.1% of total carbohydrates. The percentages of water soluble dietary fiber to insoluble dietary fiber were 12.0% and 46.7%, respectively. The protein contained 18 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 5.0 g and 6.7 g. The Ca was the largest mineral followed by K, Mg, and P, which means Pueraria flos is alkali material. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 25.37%, 33.61% and 35.68%, respectively. Therefore, the amount of the total unsaturated fatty acid was higher than that of any other plant. The antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract and fractions of the Pueraria flos has been determined by the scavenging of the stable radical DPPH; the result showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active, as the amount required for 50% reduction of DPPH after 30 mins ($RC_{50}$) was 109.9 ${\mu}g$, followed by 70% ethanol extract (217.3 ${\mu}g$), hexane fraction (134.5 ${\mu}g$), chloroform (116.7 ${\mu}g$), butanol faction (129.8 ${\mu}g$) and aqueous fraction (473.5 ${\mu}g$).

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2015

This study was performed in order to analyze the fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, anti-oxidative, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, and immuno-enhancing activities of the water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Grifola frondosa. Fibrinolytic activity was analyzed using the fibrin plate method, and thrombin inhibitory activity was assayed using the substrate H-D-Phe-piparg- pna. Anti-oxidative activity was estimated using the DPPH assay, and AChE inhibitory activity was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Immuno-enhancing activity was examined using the nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cell viability was determined using the MTS assay. Fibrinolytic activities were the highest in water extract (1.55 plasmin units/mL) followed by water fraction (0.85 plasmin units/mL). The thrombin inhibitory activities of the water and ethyl acetate fractions were determined to be 76.43% and 72.59%, respectively. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of chloroform and hexane fractions exhibited values of 95.14% and 94.74%, respectively. The butanol fraction showed the highest anti-oxidative activity at 94.47%. Anti-proliferating activity against Raw 264.7 cells showed no cytotoxicity. The production of NO in Raw 264.7 cells increased up to 2-fold by adding the water fraction compared to the untreated control. These results suggest that Grifola frondosa may serve as a useful functional food for the enhancement of immune function and the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.282-287
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• 2016

p-DCPD (poly dicyclopentadiene) is the resin that the versatile mechanical properties can be changeable via the control of inner monomer and catalysts. In this work, to improve the strength of composites, surface treated MGF (milled glass fiber) was used as an reinforcement in p-DCPD by molybdenum (Mo) catalyst matrix. The optimum concentration of surface treatment was obtained and the cohesion of MGF themselves increased with concentration. In case of 0.2 wt% silane concentration, the maximized mechanical properties of MGF/p-DCPD composite exhibited because of minimized MGF cohesion. When butyl silane showing minimizing cohesion was used as the optimized alkyl length, high tensile and flexure strength exhibited due to the steric hindrance effect among MGFs. Mechanical and their fractured surfaces of MGF/p-DCPD composites was compared for 4 different chemical functional groups. Norbornene functional groups containing similar chemical structure to DCPD matrix exhibited higher interfacial adhesion between MGFs and DCPD matrix.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.669-676
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• 2005

The effect of chlorella addition on the quality characteristics of pound cake was investigated. Chlorella pound cake was prepared with in different ratios of chlorella powder (0, 2, 4, 6 %). The pH of the dough made with chlorella powder were ranged from 7.10 to 7.13 and the pH of the control was 7.08. The weight of the pound cake prepared by adding $2{\sim}6\;%$ chlorella powder decreased from 392.4 to 384.2 g. The volume of the pound cake prepared by adding $2{\sim}6\;%$ chlorella powder increased from 801.8 to 839.2 mL. Loaf volume index increased by $3.12{\sim}3.22$ and that of control by 2.96. Baking loss rate of pound cake prepared by adding $2{\sim}6\;%$ chlorella powder increased by $12.80{\sim}14.97\;%$ and that of control by was 12.88 %. The lightness, redness and yellowness values of the bread decreased with the increase of chlorella powder. There were no significant differences in hardness and penetration by adding $2{\sim}6\;%$ chlorella powder for 1 hour and 72 hours. The sensory quality of the pound cake with addition of 4 % chlorella powder, as estimated by taste, moistness and overall acceptability, was better than that of the others. Consequently, pound cake quality with addition of 4 % chlorella powder was considered the best.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2012

This study was aimed to increase the solubility, dissolution and permeation rates of atorvastatin calcium (ATC) using bile salt and/or 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin ($HP{\beta}CD$). From solubility studies, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) among bile salts studied was found to have the highest solubilizing effect on ATC ($4.4{\pm}0.4$ mg/ml), and the order of increasing solubility was SDC>sod. cholate>sod. glycocholate>sod. taurodeoxycholate>sod. taurocholate>conjugated bile acid. ATC solid dispersions were prepared at various ratios of drug to SDC and/or $HP{\beta}CD$, and evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dissolution studies and dissolution-permeation studies. DSC curves showed amorphous state of ATC in the physical mixture and solid dispersion. Dissolution rates of ATC-SDC solid dispersions and physical mixture were markedly increased at pH 6.8, but decreased at pH 1.2 with greater proportions of SDC due to the precipitation of SDC, compared with that of drug alone. On the other hand, dissolution rates of ATC-$HP{\beta}CD$ solid dispersion and physical mixture at pH 1.2 were varied with the ratio of drug to carriers. From duodenal permeation studies, it was found that fluxes of ATC (donor dose: 0.5 mg/3.5 ml) in the presence of 25 mM sodium glycocholate, SDC, sod. cholate and sod. taurocholate $(5.7{\pm}0.9$, $5.6{\pm}0.9$, $4.8{\pm}0.7$ and $4.6{\pm}0.9\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$, respectively) were enhanced, compared with drug alone ($3.4{\pm}0.9\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$). In the dissolution-permeation studies, 1 : 9 : 10 (w/w) ATC-SDC-$HP{\beta}CD$ solid dispersion increased the flux 2.2 times, compared with 1 : 5 : 4 (w/w) ATC-lactose-corn starch mixture as control. In conclusion, solid dispersions with bile salt and $HP{\beta}CD$ were found to be an effective means for increasing the dissolution and permeation rates of ATC.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.133-150
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• 2001

자유라디칼은 반응성이 커서 세포의 구성 물질인 단백질, 지질, 당, DNA등과 반응하여 세포 및 조직을 손상시킴으로서 노화를 가져온다. 이러한 자유라디칼들은 자외선, 일반 대사, 스트레스, 질병, 흡연 등에 의해 생성되고 특히, 활성 산소 종인 hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, lipid peroxide radical등은 피부 노화를 발생시키는 원인이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한방 식물로부터 유해한 활성 산소종을 소거하는 활성을 가진 물질을 기 위해 1차 스크리닝 하였고, 이중 육두구, 관중, 초두구, 빈랑, 금은화, 포공영, 우롱차, 황금, 녹차 추출물이 효과가 높게 나타났으며, 그중 초두구와 빈랑 90% 메탄올 추출물에서 가장 우수한 소거 활성을 나타냄으로써 이 추출물에 대하여 자유라디칼 소거 활성에 대하여 여러 가지 생물학적 활성을 조사하였다. 초두구와 빈랑추출물에 대한 hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, lipid peroxide radical을 소거하는 활성을 핵산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 물층으로 분획하여 조사한 결과 에틸아세테이트층에서 가장 우수한 활성을 보였다. 에틸아세테이트 분획에 대한 lipid peroxide radical 소거에 있어서 빈랑 추출물이 $IC_{50}$/ 값 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 초두구 추출물은 $IC_{50}$/ 값 59 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로서 기준물질로 사용되는 vitamic C (120 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)나 butylated hydroxyl toluene (80 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) 보다 더 우수한 소거 효과를 보여주었고, hydroxyl radical을 소거하는 능력은 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml와 150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로 hydroxyl radical의 소거 능이 좋은 vitamin C (180 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) 보다 뛰어난 소거 활성을 나타내었다. Superoxide radical을 소거하는 효과는 초두구 추출물의 $IC_{50}$/ 값 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 빈랑 추출물이 15 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml을 나타냈고, 이는 기준 물질인 vitamin C (35 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)보다 좋은 소거 활성을 보여주었으며, gallic acid 9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml과 유사한 효과를 나타내었다. 사람 섬유아세포를 배양하여 hydroxyl radical과 superoxide radical를 발생시킨 후 초두구와 빈랑 추출물의 세포 보호 효과를 실험한 결과 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml의 농도로 처리하였을 때 각각 85% 이상의 우수한 세포 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 초두구로부터는 자유라디칼 소거 활성이 있는 물질을 분리하기 위하여 분획한 후 가장 높은 소거 활성을 보인 에틸아세테이트 층에 대하여 silica column chromatography, preparative TLC를 수행하였다. 초두구로부터 분리된 물질은 HPLC를 이용한 분리에서 phenol성 물질인 gallic acid와 동일한 retention time을 보여줌으로써 초두구로부터 분리된 물질은 gallic acid와 유사한 phenol성 물질이거나 그의 유도체일 것으로 추측된다. 따라서, 초두구와 빈랑 추출물은 피부 노화의 주요인이 되고 있는 lipid radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical을 소거하는 활성이 뛰어나 자유라디칼에 의하여 발생되는 피부노화를 방지할수 있는 물질로서의 효과가 기대된다.가 기대된다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2015

This study investigated heat generation characteristics of knitted and woven intelligent garments made of ZrC imbedded yarns through thermal manikin measurement. These emotional and intelligent thermal characteristics by thermal manikin measurement were analysed and compared with light/thermal radiation experimental results. Surface temperature of ZrC imbedded woven and knitted fabrics by light/thermal radiation measurement was $4^{\circ}C$ and $2^{\circ}C$ higher than that of regular PET control fabrics, respectively. Clo value as heat generation characteristics of ZrC imbedded woven and knitted garments with light exposure was 0.14 and 0.08 higher than that of regular PET control garments, respectively. These results were attributed to the far-infrared thermal radiation from ZrC imbedded in the core part of the intelligent bi-component filament, which was verified by far-infrared emissive power ranged between $6{\mu}m$ and $20{\mu}m$ through FT-IR experiment and by inclusion of Zr through EDS ingredient analysis. However, compressibility of ZrC imbedded woven fabric was lower than that of regular PET one, and bending rigidity was higher than that of regular one, which resulted in a little stiff tactile hand property of ZrC imbedded fabric. We found that ZrC imbedded intelligent woven and knitted fabrics were applicable to the intelligent garment as a heat generation textile material by thermal manikin measurement.