• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.165-176
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• 2005

Studies on molecular plasticity of Bermann glia (BG) after harmaline-induced Purkinje cell (PC) degeneration in the rat cerebellum. The intimate structural relationship between BG and PC, evidenced by the sheathing of the PC dendrites by veil-like process from the BG has been suggestive of the close functional relationship between these two cell types. However, little is known about metabolic couplings between these cells. This study designed to investigate molecular plasticity of BG in the rat cerebellum in which PCs were chemically ablated by harmaline treatment. Immunohistochemical examination reveals that harmaline induced PC degeneration causes a marked glial reaction in the cerebellum with activated BG and microglia aligned in parasagittal stripes within the vermis. In these strips, activated BG were associated with upregulaion of metallotheionein, while GLAST and was down regulated, as compared with nearby intact area where both BG are in contact with PCs. The data from this study demonstrate that BG can change their phenotypic expression when BG loose their contact with PCs. It is conceivable that activated BG may upregulate structural proteins, metallothionein expression to use for their proliferation and hypertrophy; metallothionein expression to cope with oxidative stress induced by PC degeneration and microglial activation. On the contrary, BG may down regulated expression of GLAST because sustained loss of contact with PCs would eliminate the necessity for the cellular machinery involved glutamate metabolism. In conclusion, BG might respond man to death of PCs by undergoing a change in metabolic state. It seems possible that signaling molecules released from PCs regulates the phenotype expression of BG. Also ultrastructures in the organelles of normal PC and BG are distinguished by mitochondrial appearance, and distributed vesicles at the synaptic area in the cytoplasm.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.306-315
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• 1999

Purpose: We performed this study to evaluate the process of radiation induced apoptosis in A431 skin epithelial cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Low to high dose radiation (0, 2, 5, 10, 25 Gy) was given to A431 cells by Cs-137 cell irradiator. Apoptosis was evaluated by cell morphology, dye exclusion test, and DNA laddering. Results: Cell viability decreased as the radiation dose increased. Number of apoptotic bodies increased as radiation dose increased. It increased most significantly at 12 hours after irradiation. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in culture medium increased according to radiation dose and time after irradiation. DNA ladders could be identified in irradiated cells, but, it had no correlation with radiation dose or time after irradiation. Conclusion: Radiation-induced apoptosis which was the main course of cell death in A431 cells could be analyzed quantitatively by counting apoptotic bodies under microscope. Apoptosis increased as radiation dose increased.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2000

Reproductive cycle of U. unicinctus was studied from September 1998 to August 1999, using gonadosomatic index (CSI) as an indicator. In November, the CSI values were maximum for male (6.2) and female (7.0), respectively; the values were lowest for them (1.0 and 0.5) during the successive february. Subsequently, they rapidly increased and attained peak by March-April. The values decreased again in both sexes and remained unchanged until August. The index increased in October to attain the peak by November. The CSI values clearly indicated that there are two spawning events in a year, namely the first one during April-May and the second one in December. Reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: in female, multipication (January~February, June ~Setember), maturation (March~April, November), spent (May and December), degeneration and resting (June and January), and in male, multiplication January ~ february, June ~September), maturation (March~April, October~November), spent (May and December) and degeneration and resting (January and June). Histological observations revealed that oocytes in the ovary matured simultaneously in November and March. At the same time, the envelopes of matured testis became thinner than those in the early stage.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-caner effect of cobrotoxin on the prostatic cancer cell line (PC-3).The goal of study is to ascertain whether cobrotoxin inhibits tile cell growth and cell cycle of PC-3, or the expression of relative genes and whether the regression of PC-3 cell growth is due to cell death or the expression of gene related to apoptosis. Methods : After the treatment of Pc-3 cells with cobrotoxin, we performed 형광현미경, MTT assay, Western blotting, Flow cytometry, PAGE electrophoresis and Surface plasmon resonance analysis to identify the cell viability, cell death, apoptosis, the changes of cell cycle and the related protein, Adk, MAP kinase. Results : 1. Compared with normal cell, the inhibition of cell growth reduced in proportion with the dose of cobrotoxin(0-16nM) in PC-3. 2. Cell viabilities of 0.1, 1, 4nM cobrotoxin treatment were decreased and those of 8, 16nM were decreased significantly. 3. S phase of cell cycle was decreased at the group of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16nM cobrotoxin, but M phase was increased at 0.1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16nM cobrotoxin. 4. Cox-2 expression after cobrotoxin was peaked at 12hours and was decreased significantly after 6, 12, 24 hours. 5. The expression of Cdk4 was decreased dose-dependently at 1, 2, 4, 8nM cobrotoxin and was decreased siginificantly at 4, 8nM Cyclin D1 was decreased at 1, 2, 4, 8nM and Cycline E was not changed. Cycline B was decreased at 1, 2, 4, 8nM dose-dependently and was decreased siginificanlty at 2, 4, 8nM. 6. The expression of Akt was decreased at 1, 2, 4, 8nM dose-dependently and was decreased significantly at 2, 4, 8nM. 7. ERK was increased at 1, 2nM and decreased at 4, 8nM, p-ERK was increased at 1, 2, 4 nM, but decreased at 8nM. JNK and p-JNK were increased at 1, 4, 8 nM. p38 was increased at 2nM p-p38 was increased at lnM but decreased significantly at 2, 4, 8nM. 8. The nucli of normal cells were stained round and homogenous in DAPI staining, but those of PC-3 were stained condense and splitted. Apoptosis was increased dose-dependently at 2, 4, 8, 16nM and increased significantly at 2, 4, 8, 16nM. 9. Bax wasn`t changed at 1, 2, 4, 8nM and Bcl-2 was decreased significantly at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. Caspase 3 and 9 weren`t changed at 1, 2, 4nM but were decreased significantly at 8nM. Conclusions : These results indicate that cobrotoxin inhibits the growth of prostate Cancer cells, has anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2013

We report somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 12 for three Carex sect. Siderostictae Franch. ex Ohwi (Cyperaceae) from Korean populations: Carex ciliatomarginata Nakai, C. okamotoi Ohwi, and C. siderosticta Hance. This study is the first chromosome number report for the species C. ciliatomarginata from Korean populations. As found in other Carex species, all the chromosomes examined in the section exhibit nonlocalized centromere (polycentric or holocentric) and large (more than ca. $1{\mu}m$ long) chromosomes. Considering the basal phylogenetic position of the section in tribe Cariceae Pax, small numbers of large chromosomes have been hypothesized as primitive characters in Cariceae, and our observation supports the hypothesis. Further investigations of chromosomes in Carex are needed for a better understanding of species richness in the genus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 1991

목재(木材)의 액체침투성(液體浸透性)을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 국내(國內)에 있는 침엽수재(針葉樹材)와 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)의 주요수종(主要樹種)을 대상으로 축방향(軸方向), 방사방향(放射方向), 접선방향(接線方向)의 침투(浸透)를 각각 조사(調査)하였다. 또한 방사(放射) 및 접선방향(接線方向)의 주요(主要) 침투경로(浸透經路)를 광학현미경(光學顯微鏡)으로 관찰(觀察)하였다. 실험결과(實驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 종침투(縱浸透)는 침(針) 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)모두 1% $NH_4OH$ 처리(處理)시 침투성(浸透性)이 가장 컸으며 수종(樹種)에 따른 침투성(浸透性)의 차이(差異)는 침엽수재(針葉樹材)인 잣나무가 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)인 물푸레나무와 현사시나무 보다는 더 컸으며 관엽수재내(關葉樹材內)에서는 물푸레나무가 현사시나무보다 침투성(浸透性)이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 횡침투(橫浸透)는 침엽수재(針葉樹材)에 있어서 침투면별(浸透面別) 침투량(浸透量)은 접선단면(接線斷面)이 방사단면(放射斷面)보다 훨씬 컸으며, 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)의 경우는 환공재(環孔材)에서는 접선단면(接線斷面)이 방사단면(放射斷面)보다 침투량(浸透量)이 컸으나, 산공재(散孔材)에서는 수종간(樹種間)의 변이(變異)가 컸다. 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)의 환공재(環孔材) 모두 방사조직(放射組織)이 횡침투(橫浸透)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 침엽수재(針葉樹材)만큼 크지 않았다. 침투(浸透)깊이도 침엽수재(針葉樹材)가 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)보다 컸으며, 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)는 수종간(樹種間)의 차이(差異)가 심했다. 3. 침투경로(浸透經路)를 보면 침엽수재(針葉樹材)는 방사유세포(放射柔細胞), 만재부(晩材部)의 소가도관(小假導管)이 주도적(主導的)인 역할을 하였으며, 활엽수재(闊葉葉材)도 역시 방사조직(放射組織)을 통해서 침투(浸透)가 이루어지지만 수종간(樹種間)에 방사조직(放射組織)의 침투양식(浸透樣式)과 침투속도(浸透速度)가 달랐다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 연필향나무(Juniperus virginiana L.) 지재(技材)내에 형성(形成)된 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)(compression wood) 및 대응재(對應材)(opposite wood)에 관한 주사전자현미경적(走査電子顯微鏡的)인 특성(特性)을 비교(比較)하기 위하여 수행(遂行)되었는데 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 가도관(假導管) 이행(移行)은 연륜(年輪)의 경계부(境界部)를 제외하고는 점진적(漸進的)이나 대응재(對應材)의 가도관(假導管) 이행(移行)은 급진적(急進的)이다. 그리고 대응재(對應材)에 있어서 추재율(秋材率)은 변이(變異)가 심하며 추재(秋材) 가도관(假導管)의 배열(排列)은 불균일(不均一)하다. 2. 압축이상재(壓縮異常材) 및 대응재(對應材)의 가도관(假導管)은 그 횡단면(橫斷面)의 모양(模樣)이각각 둥근형 및 모난형이다. 그리고 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)와 대응재(對應材) 모두에서는 큰 가도관(假導管)과 작은 가도관(假導管)이 혼재(混在)되어 있으나 나선상(螺旋狀)의 째짐이 가도관(假導管)의 막(膜)에 존재(存在)하지 않으며 세포간극(細胞間隙)은 경계부(境界部)를 지니는 경우가 있는데 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)에만 존재(存在) 한다. 3. 분야막공(分野膜工)에 있어서 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 막공구(膜孔口)는 대응재(對應材)의 것보다 가도관(假導管)측의 막공록(膜孔綠)이 더 넓기 때문에 더 좁으며 경사(傾斜)가 급한 타원형(楕圓形)을 나타낸다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.2 s.81
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• pp.85-90
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• 1997

The Isozyme activities of Lentinula edodes were studied as a preliminary study for genetic analysis after protoplast fusion. The presence of peroxidase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase and ${\alpha}-amylase$ was examined. An intracellular buffer-soluble protein from the mycelia was used for enzyme analysis on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. The auxotrophs of Lentinula edodes were positive for peroxidase, esterase, superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase. However, alkaline phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase and ${\alpha}-amylase$ were not detected. The esterase and peroxidase were not affected by the various culture age. Isozyme identification may be a useful tool after protoplast fusion.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.321-325
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• 1991

In thisstudy, effects of medium components on microbial production of L-phenylalanine by Corynebacterium glutamicum were investigated. The effect of carbon source on the production of L-phenylalanine was significant. Molasses enhanced the production of L-phenylalanine compared to sucrose, glucose, fructose, or their mixture. It was noticed that trace salts were required for the cell growth and product formation in the minimal medium, but excess amounts of trace salts had no effect on the production of L-phenylalanine. It was also found that optimum amounts of biotin and thiamine were required for the cell growth and the production of L -phenylalanine.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 1993

Rice (Oryza saliva L.) calli containing both embryogenic callus (EC) and non embryogenic callus (NEC) regions were initiated from the mature seed on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L kinetin. The calli were developed into two callus type which can be distinguished by visual examination depending on color and appearance. In order to illucidate the polypeptide composition between EC and NEC, the total protein extracted from two types of callus was analysed by electrophoresis. By one-dimesional anlaysis of SDS-PAGE and Isoelectric focusing, several protein bands showed quantitative and qualitative difference in each type of callus. The further analysis of the total protein with two-dimensional electrophoresis showed at least 20 EC specific protein and 10 NE specific protein. Also 3 specific protein spots showing micro heterogeneity of 90, 65, 50 kD were detected in EC, while a series of acidic heterologous protein spots were visualized in NEC.in NEC.