• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.457-457
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• 2012

말라리아는 매개체에 의한 전염병으로써 국내에서는 이미 1970년대에 사라진 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 1990년대에 재발생하여 2000년대 초반까지 경기도와 강원도 북부지역에서 환자가 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 사람에게서 발병하는 말라리아는 4종으로 알려져 있으나 우리나라의 경우 이 중 오로지 삼일열 원충감염에 의한 것으로 밝혀졌다(질병관리 본부, 2010). 기후변화는 질병의 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요한 요인 중 하나로써 매개체에 의한 질병의 경우 기후요소는 매개체의 번식과 활동에 적지않은 영향을 미친다. 특히 말라리아의 경우 병원균을 가진 개체수와 모기에 물리는 횟수, 감염된 모기의 수, 그 모기에 사람이 물리는 횟수와 관계가 있으나 기온과 강수량, 습도의 변화 등 기후 및 수문학적 요소와도 밀접한 관계를 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌다(Lindsay & Birley, 1996; 박윤형 외, 2006; 신호성, 2011 재인용). 본 연구의 목적은 한반도 기후-수문학적 환경특성 및 변화를 파악하고 지역적 말라리아 발생과의 상관관계를 도출하며 이를 기반으로 하여 말라리아 발생의 변동을 예측하는 것이다. 분석에 사용된 데이터는 말라리아 발생자료의 경우, 질병관리 본부에서 제공하는 2001년 1월~2011년 12월 까지의 약 16000건의 발병자료가 포함 되었고 분석의 시간 단위는 2WEEKS 이며 전국 251개의 시군구에서 발생한 전염병을 합산하였다. 기상자료의 경우 기상청 기후자료 관리 시스템에서 제공하는 동일 기간대의 평균기온, 최고(최저)기온, 강수량, 신적설, 평균 해면기압, 평균 이슬점 온도, 평균 상대습도, 평균풍속, 평균운량, 일조시간 자료를 활용하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 AWS(Automatic Weather Station)자료의 경우 기본적으로 point 형태의 관측자료이고, 분석기간 동안의 개수에서도 차이가 있기 때문에 공간 내삽기법인 kriging을 활용하여 행정구역과 zonal하는 방법으로 재가공 하였다. 지역의 수문학적 특성의 경우 10*10 DEM을 기반으로 ESRI ArcGIS 소프트웨어의 ArcHydro 기능을 이용 하여 유역을 생성하는 방법을 채택하였다. 본 연구에서는 통계적 모형을 기본으로 기후 및 수문 특성과 말라리아 발생간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며 시계열 자료의 특성상 포아송 분포의 Generalized Estimation Equation 과 Generalized Linear Model을 이용한다(Baccini 외, 2008; 신호성, 2011). 또한 말라리아 잠복시간의 지연효과 및 전염병의 계절 영향을 반영하기 위하여 Fourier transform 을 적용 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.38-50
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• 2008

The site-specific seismic responses and corresponding seismic hazards are influenced mainly by the subsurface geologic and geotechnical dynamic characteristics. To estimate reliably the seismic responses in this study, a geotechnical information system (GTIS) within GIS framework was developed by introducing new concepts, which consist of the extended area containing the study area and the additional site visit for acquiring surface geo-knowledge data. The GIS-based GTIS was built for Gyeongju area, which has records of abundant historical seismic hazards reflecting the high potential of future earthquakes. At the study area, Gyeongju, intensive site investigations and pre-existing geotechnical data collections were performed and the site visits were additionally carried out for assessing geotechnical characteristics and shear wave velocity ($V_S$) representing dynamic property. Within the GTIS for Gyeongju area, the spatially distributed geotechnical layers and $V_S$ in the entire study area were reliably predicted from the site investigation data using the geostatistical kriging method. Based on the spatial geotechnical layers and $V_S$ predicted within the GTIS, a seismic zoning map on site period ($T_G$) from which the site-specific seismic responses according to the site effects can be estimated was created across the study area of Gyeongju. The spatial $T_G$ map at Gyeongju indicated seismic vulnerability of two- to five-storied buildings. In this study, the seismic zonation based on $T_G$ within the GIS-based GTIS was presented as regional efficient strategy for seismic hazard prediction and mitigation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2014

In this study, soil contamination maps related to Cu and Pb were created at the Busan abandoned mine in Korea using a handheld X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF) and Geographic Information Systems(GIS). Hydrological analysis was performed using the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) of the study area to identify the flow directions of surface runoff where pollutants can be dispersed from the soil contamination sources. 24 locations for measuring the soil contamination related to Cu and Pb were selected by considering the result of hydrological analysis. The results measured at the 24 locations using the handheld XRF showed that the highest value of Cu contamination is 8,255ppm and that of Pb is 2,146ppm. The field investigation data were entered into ArcGIS software, and then soil contamination maps regarding Cu and Pb with a 5m grid-spacing were created after performing spatial interpolations using the ordinary kriging method. As a result, we could know that high concentrations of Cu and Pb are presented at the waste and tailings dumps around the abandoned mine openings. This study also showed that the handheld XRF and GIS can be utilized to create soil contamination maps related to Cu and Pb in the field.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

In this study, we setup a ground-based scatterometer using an antenna of which the center frequency is 9.5 GHz (X-band), and measured radar backscatterings from air/ice and ice/water interfaces to extract ice thickness. Both of air/ice and ice/water interfaces make strong radar backscatterings and so we can clearly identify two peaks in measured data by scatterometer. By using the distance of two peaks and refractive index of ice, we confirmed that it is possible to measure ice thickness. Field survey was performed at the downstream of Jiam River flowing into Chuncheon Lake. We measured radar backscattering from river ice along a survey path and extracted ice thickness. The ice thickness map of the downstream of Jiam River was produced by using kriging which is one of well known interpolation methods. The ice thickness was about 50 cm along the mainstream while ice was thin as 30 ~ 40 cm at a fast-flowing meander. Ice thickness was particularly thinner at some locations than that of surrounding areas even in the mainstream region of constant flow. This was because of impurities in ice or artificially formed refrozen holes after fishing. We expect that this study helps to expand utilization field of X-band SAR and airborne scatterometer system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1305-1310
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• 2012

The performance of a system can be affected by the variance of noise factors, which arise owing to uncertainties of the material properties and environmental factors acting on the system. For robust design optimization of the system performance, it is necessary to minimize the effect of the variance of the noise factors that are impossible to control. However, present robust design techniques consider the variation of design factors, and not the noise factors, as being important. Furthermore, it is necessary to assume a normal distribution; however, a normal distribution is often not suitable to estimate the variations. In this study, a robust design technique is proposed to consider the variation of noise factors that are estimated as non-normal distributions in a real experiment. As an example of an engineering problem, a deep-sea manganese nodule miner tracked vehicle is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2017

Recently, PM10 is becoming a main issue in Korea because it causes a variety of diseases, such as respiratory and ophthalmologic diseases. This research studied to spatial information application cases for evaluating the feasibility of the location for PM10 observation stations utilizing Geogrphic Information System(GIS) spatial analysis. The spatial Information application cases for optimal location assessment were investigated to properly manage PM10 observation stations which are closely related with public spatial data and health care. There are 31 PM10 observation stations in Seoul city and the observed PM10 data at these stations were utilized to understand the overall assessment of PM10 stations to properly manage using interpolation methods. The estimated PM10 using Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) and Kriging techniques and the map of PM10 concentrations of monitoring stations in Seoul city were compared with public spatial data such as precipitation, floating population, elementary school location. On the basis of yearly, seasonal and daily PM10 concentrations were used to evaluate the feasibility analysis and the location of current PM10 monitoring stations. The estimated PM10 concentrations were compared with floating population and calculated 2015 PM10 distribution data using zonal statistical methods. The national spatial data could be used to analyze the PM10 pollution distribution and additional determination of PM10 monitoring sites. It is further suggested that the spatial evaluation of national spatial data can be used to determine new location of PM10 monitoring stations.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

Recently, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on the high resolution imagery showing the boundaries of objects clearly. When urban areas are analyzed in detail using the high resolution imagery, the size of analyzed zone is apt to be decided arbitrarily. Sufficient prior information about study area makes the decision of analysis zone possible; otherwise, it is difficult to determine the optimized analysis zone using only satellite imagery. In this study, the variograms of artificial simple images are analyzed before applying to the real satellite images. As a result of the analysis of simple images, the sill has an effect on the density of objects and also the size of objects and spacing influence the range. The variograms of real satellite images are analyzed with reference to the result of model test and are applied to determining the optimized analysis zone. This study shows that variogram can be applied to determining effectively the optimized analysis zone in case of no prior information on study area; moreover it will be expected to be used for an index to express the characteristics of urban imagery as well as conventional kriging and simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.59-70
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• 2022

There is a growing interest in evaluating earthquake damage and determining disaster prevention measures due to the magnitude 5.8 earthquake in Pohang, Korea. Since the liquefaction phenomena occurred extensively in the residential area as a result of the earthquake, there was a demand for research on liquefaction phenomenon evaluation and liquefaction disaster prediction. Liquefaction is defined as a phenomenon where the strength of the ground is completely lost due to a sudden increase in excess pore water pressure caused due to large dynamic stress, such as an earthquake, acting on loose sand particles in a short period of time. The liquefaction potential index, which can identify the occurrence of liquefaction and predict the risk of liquefaction in a targeted area, can be used to create a liquefaction hazard map. However, since liquefaction assessment using existing field testing is predicated on a single borehole liquefaction assessment, there has been a representative issue for the whole targeted area. Spatial interpolation and geographic information systems can help to solve this issue to some extent. Therefore, in order to solve the representative problem of geotechnical information, this research uses the kriging method, one of the geostatistical spatial interpolation techniques, and constructs a geotechnical information database for liquefaction and spatial interpolation. Additionally, the liquefaction hazard map was created for each return period using the constructed geotechnical information database. Cross validation was used to confirm the accuracy of this liquefaction hazard map.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1B
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• pp.69-78
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• 2006

The rainfall depth-area-duration analysis which is used to characterize precipitation extremes for specification of so-called design storms, provides a basis for evaluation of drought severity when storm depth is replaced by an appropriate measure of drought severity. So we propose a method for constructing drought severity-area-duration curves in this study. Monthly precipitation data over the whole Korea are used to compute SPI. Such SPIs are abstracted to several independent spatial components from EOF analysis. Using Kriging method, these spatial components are used to constitute grid-based SPI data set over the whole Korea including Jeju island with $6km{\times}6km$ resolution. After identifying main drought events, the drought severity-area-duration curves for these events over 32-year period of record are finally constructed. As a result, such curves show the similar shape with storm-based curves in the sense that the drought severity (or rainfall depth) is inversely proportional to drought area from the curves, but drought-based curves are different from storm-based curves in the sense that the drought severity decreasing rate with respect to drought area is much less than depth decreasing rate.