• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate insulation of thermal clothing under still and dynamic air conditions(with 2.1m/sec air velocity) and decrease of insulation in both conditions, to analyze correlations among them, and to estimate insulation and decrease of insulation using factors, such as fabric insulation, fabric weight, clothing weight, air permeability, and water vapor resistance. A total of 25 kinds of clothing were tested(9 types for suits, 6 types of jacket, 5 types for shirts, and 5 types for trousers). The results of this study were as follows; Thermal resistance of clothing under the dynamic air condition decreased comparing to that of clothing under still air condition in all types of clothing. Decrease in shirts was the biggest(47.5%), followed by suits(39.51%), trousers(37.48%), and jackets(34.49%) in sequence. Thermal resistance of clothing under dynamic air condition showed very high correlation(0.98, p<0.01) with that of clothing under still air condition, followed by thermal resistance of fabric(0.86, p<0.01). Decrease in thermal resistance of clothing showed the highest correlation with air permeability. It didn't show correlation with other factors. Regression analysis showed that fabric thickness would be useful factor for estimating thermal resistance of clothing and air permeability also would be useful factor for estimating decrease in thermal resistance of clothing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.364-371
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to weigh the students' backpacks of middle school in daily use and to analyse their physiological responses and subjective senses when carrying backpack in order to promote healthy and comfort school life of girl middle school students. Two female students were subjects who answered the questionnaires on two types of backpack and their metabolism, perspiration and the changes of skin temperature were measured in constant environment chamber, $25{\pm}1$ and $49{\pm}10$% RH. They walked on the treadmill carrying the backpack with the increment of backpack weight, 2 kg, 4 kg to 6 kg. When the backpack increases to 6 kg, the discomfort parameters and responses increases rapidly. Comparing with general type, improved type of backpack showed good results in physiological responses, but not in subjective senses, such as the ease of movement, pain, or total preference, specially in 2 kg and 4 kg. The girl students prefer the general type of backpack which is of fashion and small, when it weighs light such as 2 kg or 4 kg, while they prefer the improved bag which is functional when it is heavy as 6 kg. The longer wearing time of the medium weight, for example, 4 kg without feeling or recognition of any discomfort due to fashion style, might cause the students' posture and health weaker or more vulnerable to the problems.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.485-491
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• 2011

This study was to present the preferred and the suggested indoor temperature of college students in winter based on their body composition. A total of 14 subjects(6 males and 8 females) participated in this study. They sat in a climatic chamber controlled at $24^{\circ}C$ wearing experimental garments(0.7clo). The air temperature decreased $1^{\circ}C$ every 15 minutes until it reached $19^{\circ}C$. After the stepwise temperature change, subjects were asked to select a comfortable air temperature by dialing the temperature control switch inside the chamber. The preferred temperature was determined when subjects did not change the air temperature for 10 minutes. The measurements were oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, skin temperature, and subjective sensation. Main results are as follows. In a mild cold condition, females demonstrated lower oxygen consumption and mean skin temperature than males while keeping a constant rectal temperature. Females increased rectal temperature and decreased mean skin temperature greater than males from $24^{\circ}C$ to $19^{\circ}C$. Males showed larger oxygen consumption increase than females. It appears that the thermo-physiological responses in a mild cold condition might be different between males and females. The preferred winter indoor temperature was $22.3^{\circ}C$ for males and $23.4^{\circ}C$ for females, and the suggested temperature was $21^{\circ}C$ for males and $23^{\circ}C$ for females.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2011

Recently, with developments in the automotive industry, sound and vibration damping have a considerable attraction with a diversified customer needs and advanced automobile. In general, among various materials, textile materials, such as felt and glass fibers, polyurethane foam, and PET fiber materials were used to reduce sound and vibration of the automobile. These materials were located in various main parts of the automobile to block sound and vibration, resulting in a comfortable ride. In addition, to improve fuel economy, weight reduction and cost saving for the automobile were also being considered together as well as the reduction of sound and vibration of the automobile. Therefore, in this paper, we focused on the need of interior sound and vibration absorption materials in the automobile and absorption materials-related technologies.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 1998

One of good ways to make a ship perform well in rough seas is to reduce its waterplane area and accordingly is subject to a reduced wave exciting forties. However, a great reduction of the waterplane area may create a penalty in speed performance due to the increased ratio of the wetted area to the displacement volume. This paper suggests a new catamaran hull form which compromises the speed and seakeeping quality by increasing the waterplane area somehow compared with that of the conventional SWATH ship. A 350 passenger carrying SWATH ship with a cruising speed of 30 knots in sea state of 4 has been developed and its performance was validated by the model tests. The design concept resistance performance and seakeeping dualities of the design craft are presented together with its comparative performance comparison with other high speed crafts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 2014

In this paper, the motion performance in waves for the training ship Kaya of Pukyong National University is obtained by using a computer program based on Strip method. To guarantee the pleasant seafaring in ocean, the vertical acceleration of ship motion is calculated according to the location of the ship. The results of calculation by changes of ship speed are compared with the guideline of MSI(Motion Sickness Incidence). The degree of motion sickness is shown and discussed through the comparison between calculated vertical acceleration spectrum and MSI guideline. The computational results of MSI were as follow; when ship speed increased in the order of 5 knots, 10 knots, 12 knots and encounter angle became the bow quartering sea of $120^{\circ}$ compared to $180^{\circ}$ and $150^{\circ}$, the vertical acceleration values grew higher.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.92
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to revitalize management of Hapki-do gymnasium based on customer. The Subjects of this study were 264 persons who have trained Hapki-do. Also, subjects were chosen by convenience sampling method. Data were analized with SPSS 12.0 version for frequency and crosstab analysis. Following is the analysis result. First of all, it is necessary repairing facilities and operating systematic education program. Secondly, it is necessary a discriminatory education program. Further study on demand features of Hapkido gymnasiums will contribute to expand and to strengthen the base of Hapkido development. This will aid Hapkido to gain dominant position in the competition of martial arts and sports industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.844-847
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• 2007

As the interest of environment is increasing all over the world, the effort to protect environment in many industries is also being made. In the case of Construction, the effort keeps being made in effect as well. Therefore, this paper suggests the environmental-friendly smart component system which contains multiple performances such as Environmental-friendly, high-durability, variability, renovation and comfort and could be the basic factor of future building. As the enquired performances for the development of environmentally-friendly intelligent component system are grasped, the key technology to be embodied are analyzed. In the result of the analysis, SI(Skeleton & Infill) housing and Home automation are deduced as the key technology. Furthermore, it look through concept and development tendency of the main factors. Finally environmental-friendly smart component system is suggested with conversing the factors deduced.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

Discomfort glare is an important factor influencing appraisal for lighting environment. Unified Glare Rating (UGR) which has been proposed by CIE is one of the formula for evaluating discomfort glare. Position index is an important factor in the UGR formula. Position index was proposed by Guth in 1949. It has been used until present limiting upper visual field. Lower visual field has different sensation of brightness in comparing with upper visual field. Therefore, it is necessary to propose position index about lower visual field. The objective of this study is to investigate the brightness sensation in upper and lower visual field. First, the visual field was measured on the self-made Glare Tester. Second, luminance of the Borderline between Comfort and Discomfort (BCD) was measured on the glare Tester. Circular sources of brightness were located at various angular distances from the line of vision along five meridians, $0^{\circ}$, $45{\circ}$, $90{\circ}$, $-45{\circ}$, $-90{\circ}$. The size of the glare source is 0.0011sr. The luminance of the surrounding field, which extended over the entire visual field, was maintained $34ccd/m^2$. Ten subjects aged from 25 to 29 were participated in the experiment. The results show that the luminance of BCD on the line of vision is $4337cd/m^2$ and the glare sensation of the lower visual field is more sensitive than the upper visual field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Human thermal sensation based on a human energy balance model was analyzed in the study areas, the Changwon and Nanaimo sites, on clear days during thesummer of 2009. The climatic input data were air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar and terrestrial radiation. The most effective factors for human thermal sensation were direct beam solar radiation, building view factor and wind speed. Shaded locations had much lower thermal sensation, slightly warm, than sunny locations, very hot. Also, narrow streets in the Nanaimo site had higher thermal sensation than open spaces because of greater reflected solar radiation and terrestrial radiation from their surrounding buildings. Calm wind speed also produced much higher thermal sensation, which reduced sensible and latent heat loss from the human body. By adopting climatic factors into landscape architecture, the human thermal sensation analysis method promises to help create thermally comfortable outdoor areas. The method can also be used for urban heat island modification and climate change studies.