• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1988

Twelve soybean cultivars were cultivated in the 1/2,000a. Wagner pots with irrigation and without irrigation for 30 days after flowering, and the differences of plant growth and bean yield among cultivars were compared. And to investigate the varietal differences in the rate of photosynthesis under different relative humidity, 6soybean cultivars were cultivated in 1/2,000a. Wagner pot and the rate of photosynthesis of each soybean cultivar at flowering time was measured under the relative humidity of 80, 70, 60, 50 and 40%. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The days to maturity of the soybean cultivars were shortened by non-irrigation treatment. The response of the maturing dates to non-irrigation was significantly different among the soybean cultivars. The days for maturing of Paldal, Danyeob and Eundaedu were delayed 2 days but those of Jangbaek and Tamahomare were delayed about 7 to 8 days under non-irrigation treatment. 2. The stem length, stem diameter, number of nodes of the mainstem, number of branches and number of branch nodes of all soybean cultivars were decreased by non-irrigation treatment. The number of branches and the number of branch nodes were especially severely influenced by non-irrigation treatment. 3. The number of pods per plant and the number of perfect pods was significantly reduced by non-irrigation treatment but the number of imperfect pods was increased. The non-irrigation treatment reduced the number of pods per plant by 58.0% and the ratio of the number of the perfect pods per plant by 46.6% relative to the ordinary cultivation with irrigation. 4. The grain yield of all cultivars was significantly reduced by the non-irrigation treatment, and average grain yield of soybean cultivars cultivated under non-irrigation treatment was 35.9% of that of soybean cultivars cultivated with irrigation. The influence of non-irrigation treatment was lowest in Paldal and significantly high in Tamahomare and Jangbaek. 5. The rate of photosynthesis of soybean leaves was significantly different among cultivars and was also influenced by relative humidity. Ratio of the photosynthetic amount of soybean leaves at 40% RH to the maximum photosynthesis at optimal humidity was 97.2% in Paldal, 96.4% in Danyeob and 88.8% in Baekun. 6. At 40% relative air humidity, highly significant correlations were found among the photosynthesis rate, the amount of transpiration and the respiration rate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.202-213
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• 1997

In order to find out a high potential black soybean lines, of which demand has been increasing in Korea, twenty eight local cultivars were evaluated on agronomic characteristics and the classification of the cultivars was made by the cluster analysis. Days to maturity and days to growing of black soybeans were widely ranged from 58 to 82 days, and 117 to 148 days, respectively. Late maturing group showed over 140 maturity days, and heavy 100 seed weight. There was shown low yield potential in late maturing group, and growing days was positively correlated with flowering days, days to maturity, 100-seed weight and stem length, respectively. From the principal component analysis upper two components composed 76.5％ cumulative eigen value to total. Nine varietal groups were identified in relations to their affinity of the black soybeans. Selected black soybeans, Namhae-2 and Hamyang-l were field-tested and those characteristics of many pod, small seed and high yield were found out to be suitable for sprouting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.248-251
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• 2003

To find ideal leaf types for soybean breeding program, we examined the relationships among leaf anatomical and morphological characteristics and $\textrm{CO}_2$ assimilation on the different leaflet shape of soybean (Glycine max). In anatomical characters of leaf, palisade and spongy cells were thicker in both small seed cultivars with narrow leaflet and large seed cultivars with wide leaflet than others. $\textrm{CO}_2$ uptake per plant and leaf thickness were significantly associated with seed yield per plant, showing difference among the soybean cultivars. Although the leaf area was lower for narrow leaflet cultivars, which had a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per plant comparable to the wide leaflet cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.568-575
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• 2003

Selection of high-quality varieties of sprout bean and bean sprout containing high levels of total isoflavones was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The range and mean of total isoflavone contents of sixty six varieties of sprout beans were $247{\sim}2,256$ and $1209{\pm}470\;mg/kg$, respectively, with KLG10618, KLG11118, KLG10600, KLG10022, KLG1085 and sohokong containing the highest amounts of isoflavone among the samples. Medium-sized bean variety with green seed-coat color contained highest amount of total isoflavones among samples. The range and mean of total isoflavone contents of thirty varieties of bean sprouts were $768{\sim}3,343$ and $1,898{\pm}577\;mg/kg$, respectively, with soho bean sprout containing the highest total isoflavone content (3,343 mg/kg, dry basis). Total isoflavone contents of bean sprouts increased gradually during cultivation period, reaching maximum level on the 5th day of cultivation, and were the highest in the order of roots, cotyledon, and hypocotyl.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 1994

To investigate effects of water stress on leaf water potential, nitrate reductase activity and abscisic acid content, Paldalkong, Saealkong and Danyeobkong were subjected to water stress by polyethyene glycol(PEG, MW=6,000) in the water culture and withholding irrigation in soil culture. Leaf water potential and nitrate reductase activity decreased with increaseing of PEG concentration in the water culture. These were higher at 3rd and 5th leaf stage than at 1st leaf stage. Leaf water potential showed no significant differance among the varieties, but nitrate redutase activity was higher in Paldalkong than in Saealkong and Danyeobkong. Leaf water potential and nitrate reductase activity decreased approximately 2.2 times (-1.67 MPa/-0.75MPa) and 47%(3.1${\mu}$ mole nitrite/g.DW/hour/15.9${\mu}$ mole nitrite/g.DW/hour) to control, respectively, after 3 days from water stress treatment in the soil culture. According to increasing PEG concentration, abscisic acid content increased in the water culture and was higher at 5th leaf stage than at 1st and 3rd leaf stage. Paldalkong showed the highest abscisic acid content. Abscisic acid content increased approximately 1.7 times (9.9nmole/g.DW/5.7nmole/g.DW) compared to the control after 3 days from water stress treatment in the soil culture.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.385-397
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• 2006

This study was conducted to establish the environment-friendly cropping system of soybean in paddy field with different soil textures. When the soybean was cultivated in paddy fields, growth responses of testing cultivars varied depending on soil texture and cultivation method. Growth responses of soybean in sandy loam tended to be better than those in clay, however the effect of high ridged cultivation was distinguished in clay loam. Especially, formation of rhizome nodule was significantly different depending on soils ; more numerous rhizome nodules were formed in sandy loam compared to that in clay. Plant heights of Taekwangkong and Eunhakong were highest in clay and sandy loam, respectively, while the number of pods and branches of Eunhakong were most in both soils. In clay paddy field, growth responses of Eunhakong were best among the testing cultivars, however high ridged cultivation was more appropriate to the cultivar compared to level row cultivation regardless of soils. Taekwangkong showed the highest leaf area indexes during whole growth stages. Leaf development of Daewonkong was suppressed in clay at early growth stage, while it significantly increased as growth stages progressed. Most retard leaf development was observed in early maturity cultivar, Hwaseongputkong, since it seemed to be seriously damaged by excess-moisture injury in both soils. Comparing the dry weight of top plants and roots, plant growth was more affected by soil texture than cultivation methods at early vegetative growth stage, via verses at R2 or R5 stages. In yield characters and yields at R8 maturity stage, pods number of Eunhakong was significantly higher than those of Daewonkong and Taekwangkong estimating to 107 and 124 in clay and sandy loam, respectively. The ratio of ripened seeds was highest in sandy loam in combination with high ridged cultivation, while the lowest in clay with level row. The yields of Deawonkong and Eunhakong were higher compared to other testing cultivars ranged from $l82{\sim}286kg/ha$ depending on soils and cultivation methods. In results, growth responses and yields of testing cultivars tended to be higher in sandy loam in combination with high ridge compared to clay with level row.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shifts in sowing time on the ecological responses, growth and yields of major soybean cultivars in a southern region of South Korea. Experiments were carried out in Naju, Jeonnam Province (latitude $35^{\circ}$ 04'N, longitude $126^{\circ}$ 54'E) for three years from 2008 to 2010. The test cultivars included Saeol-kong and Tawon-kong of the summer type, Taekwang-kong and Pungsannamul-kong, and Cheongja3 of the autumn type. Sowing took place on May 15 and 30, June 15 and 30, and July 15 of each year. Of the summer type soybean cultivars, Saeol-kong showed a smaller curtailment in days from sowing to flowering, days from flowering to maturity, and days from sowing to maturity according to sowing time postponement than Tawon-kong. Of the autumn type soybean cultivars, Taekwang-kong exhibited a lower photoperiodic response in reproductive growth period than Pungsannamul-kong and Cheongja3, both of which recorded higher level photoperiodic responses in vegetative growth stages and reproductive growth periods than other test cultivars, with the former exhibiting higher levels than the latter. Most of the test cultivars tended to decrease in stem length, node numbers of the main stem, and stem diameter according to postponed sowing time, but there were no significant differences in stem length and node numbers of the main stem of the Saeol-kong cultivar. Differences in sowing times did not affect the first setting pod node order of Saeol-kong and Tawon-kong summer type cultivars of internode lengths of all of the test cultivars. All of the test cultivars tended to show decreases in pod number per plant due to postponement of sowing time except for the Saeol-kong cultivar. The variation was more prominent in small grain cultivars such as Tawon-kong and Pungsannamul-kong with the latter autumn type cultivar showing especially large variation. Yields were the greatest for the Tawon-kong, Taekwang-kong, and Pungsannamul-kong cultivars sown on May 30 and Cheongja3 sown on May 30 and June 15. There were no significant differences in the yields of Saeol-kong for different sowing times from May 30 to July 15, with the yields lowest for the batch sown on May 15.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.592-599
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• 1996

The variations of asparagine and aspartic acid contents among the soybean varieties and in the different parts of soybean sprout after the different durations of storage were investigated. Asparagine and aspartic acid are known to have the detoxifying effects on acetaldehyde, which is highly toxic metabolites in the process of alcohol metabolism in the human body. The contents of asparagine and aspartic acid of beansprout showed continuosuly increasing trends along with the days to cultivation with a great varietal difference, especially in the roots. The duration of seed storage did not affect contents of asparagine content; the longer storage decreased aspartic acid content remarkably.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.485-489
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate changes of isoflavone and nutrients during germination of soybean varieties and to determine the optimal germination condition for soybean processing. After 5 days' germination, water content of the soybeans increased in the order of Poongsannamoolkong> Sinpaldal#2> Black#1> Jinpumkong. Ash content was higher in the order of Poongsannamoolkong> Sinpaldal#2> Jinpumkong> black#1 soybean. All varieties of the soybean samples increased in ash content during germination. Crude fat content was higher in the order of Poongsannamoolkong> Black#1> Jinpumkong> Shinpaldalkong. Crude protein content was higher in the order of Shinpaldalkong> Black#1> Jinpumkong> Poongsannamoolkong. Polypeptide subunits separated from the SDS-PAGE of the entire proteins were showing comparatively high level in the range of 2-16KD in Jinpumkong and 2-21KD in Poongsannamoolkong till the first day of germination, 2-25KD in Sinpaldal#2 till the second day, and 6-27KD in Black#l till the third day. Changes of total isoflavone contents during germination showed different patterns in soybean varieties: Jinpumkong and Black#1 had the highest total isoflavone content on the fourth day of germination, Poongsannamoolkong and Sinpaldal#2 on the first and the second day of germination, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.167-174
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• 2000

A glass chamber experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of ozone (O$_3$) on the physiology of two soybean, Glycine max L. cultivars, 'Hwanggum' and 'Jangyub'. Thirty-day old plants with 1-2 nodes were exposed to $O_3$ of <10 and 150 n1 1$^{-1}$ in the chambers for 8 h d$^{-1}$ for 3 days. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, and foliar injury (% injured leaves) were measured. Although foliar damage was more severe on Jangyub than on Hwanggum, net photosynthesis was decreased by 60% on Hwanggum and 13% on Jangyub due to the $O_3$ treatment. Stomatal conductance on Jangyub was twice higher than that on Hwanggum and it was not changed by the $O_3$ treatment. Whereas, stomatal conductance on Hwanggum was 60-80% decreased by $O_3$, Chlorophyll contents did not change due to the $O_3$ treatment or variety. We can conclude that the reduction of net photosynthesis by $O_3$ was mainly due to the decreases of stomatal conductance and Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) activity on dark reaction. And foliar injury and chlorophyll content did not contribute to the net photosynthetic decrease. The gas-exchange variables measured 24 h after the termination of $O_3$ fumigation showed that there was no significant recovery within a day. Since the physiological responses on Jangyub were not much affected by the $O_3$ treatment, this variety could be $O_3$ resistant.