• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2010

rust fungus, Uromyces truncicola, infected stems, branches and leaves of Sophora japonica trees, and 78% of planted host depending on investigated sites. Teliospores of this fungus were reddish brown, global to oval and $29-37{\times}24-27\;{\mu}m$. The urediniospores were yellowish brown, elliptical to oval with spiny surface and $28-39{\times}19-22\;{\mu}m$. In the infected branches cork layers were thickened, ray parenchymatous cells were distorted, branched or combined and increased in numbers. While ray parenchymatous cells in healthy branches were one or two layers, the cells in the infected branches were three or more layers to shape fusiform. In the infected branches xylem tissues also distorted and yellowish pigments formed in the intercellular space. In the less infected trees the hairs on the branches were dense and long, and the thickness of upper epidermal cell walls were ca 23.3 ${\mu}m$, while in the highly infected trees the hairs were less dense and short, and the thickness of upper epidermal cell walls was ca 17.4 ${\mu}m$. We think individual host trees resistant to this fungus are present.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.382-386
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• 2010

Fruit cracking of sweet cherry fruit due to rain near harvest is a major source of crop loss in the cherry industry. The objection of this study was to understand the sweet cherry fruit cracking. Depending on the year, the disorder is characterized by a cracking of the outside layer of the cherry skin, as called cuticle. The crackings were appeared around the stem end, where water could accumulate, but was also seen fruit side or apical end. The cracking was observed mostly in the fruit apical end in 2004 and around the stem end in the other years. It had more rainfall at early season of fruit growth, early May, in 2004 and 2006 compared to other years. Those years showed higher rates of the fruit cracking occurrence. The hypodermal layer was examined on cracking susceptible cultivar, 'Sato Nishiki' from young to mature fruit cuticle. The hypodermal layers of the stem end area were decreased by one to two layers and fruit apical end area was cracked as fruit development. When fruits were immersed in distilled water, the larger fruit (> 6 g) had more cracking ratio than smaller fruits (< 4.5 g).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.472-480
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• 2019

Selection of the plant material for planting to reduce fine dust should comprehensively consider the visual characteristics, such as the shape and texture of the plant leaves and form of bark, which affect the adsorption function of the plant. However, previous studies on reduction of fine dust through plants have focused on the absorption function rather than the adsorption function of plants and on foliage plants, which are indoor plants, rather than the outdoor plants. In particular, the criterion for selection of fine dust reduction species is not specific, so research on the selection criteria for plant materials for fine dust reduction in urban areas is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify the priorities of eight indicators that affect the fine dust reduction by using the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model (MCDM) and establish the tree selection criteria for the urban planting to reduce fine dust. For the purpose, we conducted a questionnaire survey of those who majored in fine dust-related academic fields and those with experience of researching fine dust. A result of the survey showed that the area of leaf and the tree species received the highest score as the factors that affect the fine dust reduction. They were followed by the surface roughness of leaves, tree height, growth rate, complexity of leaves, edge shape of leaves, and bark feature in that order. When selecting the species that have leaves with the coarse surface, it is better to select the trees with wooly, glossy, and waxy layers on the leaves. When considering the shape of the leaves, it is better to select the two-type or three-type leaves and palm-shaped leaves than the single-type leaves and to select the serrated leaves than the smooth edged leaves to increase the surface area for adsorbing fine dust in the air on the surface of the leaves. When considering the characteristics of the bark, it is better to select trees that have cork layers or show or are likely to show the bark loosening or cracks than to select those with lenticel or patterned barks. This study is significant in that it presents the priorities of the selection criteria of plant material based on the visual characteristics that affect the adsorption of fine dust for the planning of planting to reduce fine dust in the urban area. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the selection of trees for plantation planning in the urban area.