• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 2022

The application of fungicides is indispensable to global food security, and their use has increased in recent times. Fungicides, directly or indirectly, have impacted insects, leading to genetic and molecular-level changes. Various detoxification mechanisms allow insects to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity induced by agrochemicals including fungicides. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of detoxifying enzymes in Tenebrio molitor larvae following exposure to non-lethal doses (0.2, 2, and 20 ㎍/µL) of a fungicide captan. Transcripts of peroxidases (POXs), catalases (CATs), superoxide dismutases (SODs), and glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) were screened from the T. molitor transcriptome database. RT-qPCR analysis showed that TmPOX5 mRNA increased significantly 24 h post-captan exposure. A similar increase was noticed for TmSOD4 mRNA 3 h post-captan exposure. Moreover, the expression of TmCAT2 mRNA increased significantly 24 h post-treatment with 2 ㎍/µL captan. TmGST1 and TmGST3 mRNA expression also increased noticeably after captan exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that TmPOX5 and TmSOD4 mRNA can be used as biomarkers or xenobiotics sensors for captan exposure in T. molitor, while other detoxifying enzymes showed differential expression.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.344-346
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• 1998

Early emergence of watermelon seeds was markedly enhanced by SMP treatment though the final emergence percentage was not significantly influenced. Mixing ratios of 10:1:5 and 10:1:6 (seed : Micro-Cel E : water by weight) were found to be most effective in promoting the early emergence of watermelon seeds primed for 72 hrs at $25^{\circ}C$. Even though the hypocotyl elongation was slightly promoted by SMP treatment, the hypocotyl diameter remained uninfluenced. Among the cultivars tested, 'House-Ilpum' and 'Surowang' showed the best response to the SMP treatment.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1997

Usage and residue of pesticide were sureyed for five years from three golf courses which have morethan eighteenholes inKangwon-do from 1992 to 1996. A total of 186 samples(soils, lawns, effluents) were collected from these courses and residual levels of four kinds of organochlorines and twelve kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in each samples were determined by GC-ECD and GC-NPD. The amount of pesticide used in each golf course was 1, 635.6kg a year on the average, and that of pesticide to the green and the fairway were 33g/$\textrm{m}^2$ and 3g/$\textrm{m}^2$, respectively. The pesticide which was not permitted for the management of golf course was detected in 24 of 186 samples and its detection rate was 12.9%. The average pesticide residue in soils was 0.208 ppm for captan, 0.031 ppm for daconil, respectively. Detection rate of the prohibited pesticides has decreased every year since 1992, and there were no residues all the tested samples in 1996.Based on these results, it might be judged investigation methods of pesticide residue should be changed with current using pesticide from the prohibited pesticides and the criteria of residual pesticides in effluents of golf course also should be established.