• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

In order to determine the optimum level of three major fertilizers for Saururus chinensis, we applied to the soil at a rate of N(0, 4, 7, 10kg/10a), P$_2$O$\_$5/(0, 1.5, 3, 4.5kg/10a) and K$_2$O(0, 3, 6, 9kg/10a) prior to seeding. Regarding physical properties after the application, the values of pH, OM, Mg, CEC and EC were higher than those of the pre-application, but the contents of P$_2$O$\_$5/, K and Ca were lower. With application of three major fertilizers, dry weight of leaves per 10a was 26∼108kg greater than that of control(281kg) and dry weight of root tuber was higher by 19∼157kg than that of control(610kg). In regression equation of fertilizer recommendation for two-year-old Saururus chinensis, the optimum level of N-P$\_$2/O$\_$5/-K$\_$2/O fertilizer was determined by 7.1, 2.5, 4.2kg/10a, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2013

Blast furnace slag (BFS) have many advantages that are related to effective value improvement on applying to concrete while side effects of blast furnace slag also appear. Thus, research team conducted an experiment with high volume slag to see if the attribute of waste alkali accelerator for mixing rate, mixed use of NaOH and $Na_2SiO_3$, and early strength agent for mixing rate for replacement ratio and for the types of the stimulants in order to increase the use of blast furnace slag1s powder. As the result of the experiment, when it comes to compression strength, all of the alkali stimulants have been improved as the replacement rate increases except for sodium hydroxide. Among the alkali stimulants, sodium silicate was high on dynamic elastic modulus and absorption factor. In case of early strength agent, the mix of mixing 1.5% and blast furnace slag 75% have showed high strength enhancement. In event of Waste Alkali accelerator, it has showed different consequences for each experiment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

Isolation and Growth Characteristics of AIkalophilic Bacillus sp. for Removal of Anthraquinone Dye. Kim, Jeong-Mog. School of Environmental Information, Taekyeung College, Kyungsan, 712-850, Korea -Alkalophilic strain degrading and decolorizing anthraquinone dye, Remazol brilliant blue R was isolated from natural system and named as Bacillus sp. ARB!. The optimal temperature and pH of Bacillus sp. ARBI were 35°C and 9.0, respectively. The pH of culture media during the fermentation were changed from 10 and 10.5 of initial values to 9.3 and 9.4 after 40 hrs, respectively. Decolorization efficiency in aerobic shaking culture of Bacillus sp. ARBI was markedly higher than that in standing culture. At the optimal culture condition, decolorization efficiency by the Bacillus sp. ARBl was 93% after 32 hrs batch culture. In the case of batch culture using real dye processing wastewater, dye decolorization efficiency of Bacillus sp. ARBl was 78% after 40 hrs.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2020

Poly-Lactic Acid(PLA) fiber is an eco-friendly material and is biodegradable, so it can be utilized for manufacturing porous construction materia ls with interna l pore connection. In this study, domestic PLA fiber products(0.5mm india meter, 1.0mm in length, 10mm in length) were tested for melting at high temperatures and high alkality, and they were incorporated with FA-based geopolymer. Compressive strength was obtained through high temperature curing and alkali activator, however the complete melting of the PLA fiber was not ensured. The previous study handling PLA fiber with 0.003mm in diameter was completely dissolved, but 0.5mm and 1.0mm in diameter showed 42.5% and 33.3% of dissolution ratio, respectively. In addition, the increasing fiber volume led floating fibers during curing, which had a negative effect on its workability and solubility. Although the properties of PLA fiber may vary depending on the raw materials and production conditions, PLA fiber with 0.1mm or less diameter is recommended for porous construction material.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.534-540
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• 1995

Alkalophilic coryneform bacteria TU-19 isolated from soil extracellularly produced at least three proteases (Protease I, II, and III). Investigating the cultural conditions related to the enzyme production of this bacterial cell, the optimum pH and temperature were 10.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. In order to purify these enzymes from the 2 day culture broth ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and QAE-Sephadex column chromatography were performed step by step. And then these three proteases were purified to near homogeneity by judging from SDS-PAGE pattern, and had the molecular weights of 120, 80, and 45 kilodaltons, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of Protease I and II were 10.5 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively, and Protease II were 11.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. And the enzymes were completely inhibited by PMSF suggesting serine protease, but not affected by pCMB. 1,10-phenanthroline, IAA, and EDTA.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to determine the physical characteristics of the gel mass of vegetable soft capsules and to maintain their rheological stability for improving manufacturability. The effect of each capsule shell component on the viscosity of the gel mass was studied for 6 hours, and the effects of adding an alkalizer or electrolytes to neutralize the sulfate groups on the carrageenan molecule were also investigated. Carrageenan was identified as a major component that affects the viscosity of the gel mass, and it showed unstable properties with age. The viscosity and stability of the gel mass were remarkably improved when an alkalizer or electrolytes were added at 3.0% relative to the carrageenan. 3.6 M KCl showed the highest effect on increasing the viscosity. A stable gel mass composition for vegetable soft capsules was successfully developed, which can be considered to increase the application of the capsules in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.413-421
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• 2014

This study was conducted into the effects of cover crops among the hairy vetch, red clover, rye, and hairy vetch+rye on the soil chemical and physical properties, and fruit yield in mature 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros${\times}$kaki Thunb.) trees. The shallow-rooted red clover had poor dry matter production, resulting in the lowest coverage (66%) on the orchard floor. In contrast, the highest dry matter production observed in rye and hairy vetch+rye. Estimated N, P and K production from the cover crops were the highest on the hairy vetch+rye plots, increasing soil chemicals at a depth of 0-30 cm soil. Rye or hairy vetch+rye treatments decreased the soil bulk density and solid phase. As the hairy vetch+rye treatment increased fruit yield and sugar contents, it could be proposed as an suitable cover crop for improving productivity of persimmon trees.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 1990

Soil chemical properties of 60 mulberry fields from 29 farms in Kyunggi Province were analyzed. The results were: 1. Average soil pH was 5.52: organic matter, 1.74%; available phosphorus, 572ppm; and exchangeable potassium, 0.62me/100g. Values for available P and pH were greater than data collected in 1983, especially for available P which was four times the value obtained in 1982. 2. Ninety two percent of mulberry fields required lime (less than pH 6.5), 90% had low organic matter content (less than 3.0%), 22% were low in K, and 15% were low in P (less than 0.5me/100g and 200ppm, respectively). However, 50% of the fields had greater than 200ppm P. The maximum concentration of P found was 2117ppm. 3. These results suggest that the amount of phosphate applied annually may be readjusted in standard fertilizer and in three-nutrient fertilizers for mulberry fields.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.747-756
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, a grout material mixed using non-alkaline silica-based materials, which is an eco-friendly injection material to stabilize ground, is investigated to improve conventional problems. Method: The homogel specimens of Eco-Friendly Non-Alkaline Silica Sol (ENASS) and L.W. and S.G.R., representative silicate grouting are manufactured. Physicochemical and engineering properties of the specimens are evaluated in laboratory with uniaxial compression strength, hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage, chemical resistance, elution, fish poison, waste leaching. Result: Laboratory test results show that the ENASS was superior in all aspects compared to the existing injection matirial. The suitability of the grout material with ENASS is investigated with filed tests. Conclusion: The results of laboratory and field tests demonstrates that the grout material with ENASS is eco-friendly material that increases the strength, decreases the permeability, and discharges pollutants without leaching.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 1999

A study was conducted for the determination of application rate of pig-dung composted with sawdust (referred as pig manure hereafter) for wetland rice. The study involved the field experiments with the cultivation of rice under different rates of application of pig manure in combination of different rates of chemical fertilizers, in a wetland rice soil. The field experiment involved following treatments : (I) Without fertilizer, (II) Standard rate of chemical fertilizers based on soil testing($98-73-71kg\;ha^{-1}$ as $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$), (III) $2.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure $>+80-37kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $N- K_2O$ as chemical fertilizer(Less $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ contained in the compost), (IV) $4.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure+ $62-3kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $N-K_2O$as chemical fertilizer(Less $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ contained in the compost), (V) $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure+ Treatment(II), (VI) $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure +Treatment(II). Number of tillers in treatment (I) were higher than other treatments in tillering and panicle formation stage. After heading stage, treatments (V) and (VI) have higher number of tillers, but treatment (III) and (IV) have fewer number of tillers during all growing stage. Uptake of NPK in rice plants was higher in treatment (VI), but the efficiency of N, P and K was higher in treatment (I), (III) and (IV). The yield of unhulled rice were in order of tretments (VI)>(V)>(IV)>(II)>(III), although the difference was not statistically significant. Inorganic nitrogen, available P and exchangable K contents in soil were highest at tillering stage in all treatments and became low from panicle formation to harvest stage. Available P in soil was increased by the application of pig manure upto 20 cm depth. Exchangeable cation contents in 40 to 60 cm soil depth was much higher in treatment (VI) than in other treatments. Treatment (V) and (VI) showed much higher losses of N. $P_2O_5 $ and $K_2O$ than other treatment. Though treatment (VI) tended yield higher than in other treatments, showed lodging and occurrence of leaf and neck blast in this treatment. Yield of unhulled rice in treatment (IV) was not significant statistically and reduced nutritional losses. It is conclude that treatment (IV) seems to be the most reasonable one for the application of pig manure in combination of chemical fertilizers.