• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2401-2403
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• 2005

MEMS를 기반으로 하는 써모파일은 여러 산업분야에 측정 센서로 각광받고 있다. 이러한 써모파일은 유속, 가스, 칼로리미터 및 비접촉식 체온계 등의 적외선 및 열 측정 소자로 사용되고 있다. 기존의 써모파일은 산화막/질화막/산화막이나 혹은 산화막/질화막의 공정을 사용하여 제작되며, 열전쌍은 지벡 계수가 큰 여러 가지 물질을 사용하여 제작되어 발표되고 있다. 그러나 본 논문에서는 저 스트레스 질화막을 사용하여 다이어프램을 제작하였다. 열전쌍은 인을 주입한 다결정 실리콘과 알루미늄을 직렬로 연결하여, 60쌍으로 제작하였고, 또한, 열접점의 열전쌍의 접합 모양을 변경하여 감도를 증가 시켰다. 소자의 기는 $3{\times}3mm$이고, 활성영역은 $1{\times}1mm$이다. 그리고 출력은 사람 체온인 $37^{\circ}C$일 때, 0.403mV의 출력전압을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.520-525
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 실내 내장재료 많이 사용되고 있는 벽지를 대상으로 선정하여 연소특성을 고찰하고자 콘 칼로리미터, 연기밀도 시험기, 발화점 시험기, 산소지수 시험기를 이용하여 각각의 발열성, 발연성, 착화성, 난연성을 측정하였다. 벽지의 발열특성은 기능성 벽지인 쑥벽지와 특정벽지인 질석벽지가 다른 벽지에 비해 많은 열을 방출하는 것으로 나타났으며, 방염벽지의 연기밀도가 130.8로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 질석벽지는 61초에 착화가 되어 다른 벽지에 비해 착화시간이 최소 4배 이상 늦게 착화가 되었으며, 발화온도 또한 270.8$^{\circ}C$로 높게 나타났다. 산소지수측정 범위는 18.9${\sim}$23.2%의 값으로 공기 중의 산소농도와 비슷한 범위인 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.4 no.2 s.13
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

The time to ignition, heat release rate characteristics, and carbon monoxide yield of fiber reinforced and sandwich phenol resin were investigated with cone calorimeter. The fire characteristics of unsaturated polyester, mostly being applied to the existing passenger train, and phenolic resin were compared. DSC & TGA was used to monitor the degree of thermal decomposition and weight loss for the phenolic resin. According to the cone calorimeter data, the time to ignition was shorter, heat release rate, and CO yield was higher as the external heat flux increased. Under the same heat flux, the time to ignition of sandwich type phenolic resin was shorter than that of laminated. The result of comparison between unsaturated polyester and phenolic resin was that phenolic resin was shown to have better fire resistance than unsaturated polyester.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2008

The burning behaviors of board for flooring materials were investigated using cone calorimetry at an incident heat flux of $50kWm^{-2}$. Seven domestic flooring materials were used to observe the burning behavior of maximum heat release rate, total heat release and average heat release rate. The experimental data indicated that the medium density fiberboard (MDF) flooring had higher release rate than the other flooring materials. Also, the mass loss of MDF flooring was higher than the other floors. When measuring the smoke production from burning, PE fiberboard flooring and PVC Plastic Resin Sheet showed higher carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide yield than the others. The average smoke release of both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide through specific extinction area was similar. Toxic smoke measurement from flooring materials were determined by the mouse stop motion, and the results indicated that MDF flooring contains more toxic material than the other flooring materials.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a method for estimating energy expenditure using the unfixed axis of the accelerometer. Most studies adopted waist-placement because of the fact that the waist is close to the center of mass of a whole human body. But we adopted pocket-placement, which is capable of using unfixed axis of sensor, that is more convenient than conventional methods. To evaluate the proposed method, 28 male subjects performed walking and running on a motor driven treadmill. All of subject put on the indirect calorimeter and fixed accelerometer, then data were simultaneously measured during exercise. The regression analysis was performed using the test group(n=20) and the regression equation was applied to the control group(n=8). A strong linear relationship between energy expenditure and unfixed accelerometer signal was found. Futhermore, the coefficient of determination was significantly reliable($R^2$=0.98) and showed zero of p-value. The error of energy expenditure estimation between indirect calorimeter and two types of accelerometer was 15.0%(fixed) and 17.0%(unfixed) respectively. These results show the possibilities that the unfixed accelerometer can be used in estimating the energy expenditure during exercise.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.617-626
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fire srpead risk of building exterior and roofing materials due to the firebrand of forest fire occurring in the urban areas. Method: In order to achieve this research purpose, by selecting building materials used for exterior and roofing materials of buildings, the time to ignition, total heat release, and heat release rate were investigated, and a forest fire firebrand system was established to the possibility of fire spread was confirmed. Result: As a result of the cone calorimeter test, the roofing material had a similar or faster ignition time due to radiant heat compared to the exterior material with the steel plate exposed to the outside, and showed a higher heat release rate and total heat release than the exterior material. Although it was affected by the flammable material, it was confirmed that it did not spread easily due to the limited amount of combustible material, and carbonization marks appeared inside. Conclusion: The cone calorimeter test method has been shown to be useful in understanding the combustion characteristics of building materials by radiant heat, but the fire spread due to a firebrand in a forest fire is directly affected by the flame due to the ignition of surrounding combustibles, so finding a direct correlation with the cone calorimeter method is difficult. It is judged that the roof material may be more vulnerable to the spread of fire due to the fire than the exterior material.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.18-23
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.367-370
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 육송과 잣나무에 대한 연소특성을 비교 연구하였다. 두 수종은 한옥의 부재로 널리 사용되고 있으며, 그 체적밀도는 육송이 잣나무에 비하여 상대적으로 큰 값을 가지고 있다. 목재의 연소특성은 해당 수종의 체적밀도와 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있는데 본 연구에서 방염성능에 있어서는 뚜렷한 차이를 확인하기는 어려웠지만 콘칼로리미터 시험방법에 있어서는 총 방출열량, 평균 열방출률, 평균 질량손실률, 총 산소 소요량 비교를 통하여 목재 수종의 체적밀도의 상관성을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.458-461
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• 2011

수산화마그네슘을 첨가한 저밀도 폴리에틸렌-에틸렌 비닐 아세테이트 복합체의 연소성을 시험하였다. 저밀도 폴리에틸렌-에틸렌 비닐 아세테이트에 수산화마그네슘을 40~80wt% 첨가하여 용융 혼합하고 성형 후 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 연소성을 시험하였다. 수산화마그네슘을 첨가한 시편은 첨가하지 않은 시험편에 비하여 그의 플래시오버 가능성이 감소하였다. 수산화마그네슘을 첨가한 시험편은 첨가하지 않은 시험편에 비해 낮은 총열방출량과 낮은 CO 발생량을 나타내었고, 수산화마그네슘 함량이 증가할수록 총연기발생량과 비소화면적이 감소하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.208-213
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of phosphorus flame retardants on the flame retardancy of the flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) was investigated. Tetramethylene bis(orthophosphorylurea) [TBPU] and phosphinyl alkylphosphate ester [CR-530], resorcinol bis diphenylphosphate [RDP], triethyl phosphate [TEP] were used as flame retardants. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicate that TBPU added PUF produces more charred residues than the other flame retardant added PUF. It was found that TBPU added PUF exhibits low mean heat release rate (HRR), peak HRR, effective heat of combusion (EHC), mass loss rate (MLR), CO yield and $CO_2$ compared to those other flame retardants.