• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.318-323
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• 2003

Extracts of Black cohosh (Cimicifugae rhizoma) have been used for the treatment of climacteric complaints for decades. A significant number of woman entering menopause exhibit the following symptoms: getting hot flushes, night sweats, irritability, depression, and anxiety, A reduction of the frequency of hot flushes equivalents and hints on the antidepressant activity of Cimcifuga extracts. In the present work, we have screened several 80% ethanol extracts from medicinal plants and found that the extracts from Cimicifugae Rhizoma(Black cohosh:승마) have inhibitory effect on catecholamine secretion in bovine chromaffin cell. Since this extract inhibited 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP)-induced catecholamine secretion, but did not inhibit KCl, bradykinin, and veratridine-evoked case, this inhibitory effect is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with noncompetitive manner.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.449-452
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• 2005

We fabricated an electrochemical detector (ECD) to catalyze redox reaction efficiently by electrodepositing Prussian blue (PB) on the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and amperometric method were used. We investigated the PB surface properties by topography from atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also PB film thickness calibration with respect to deposition time and voltage was used to get better PB surFace. The PB thin film of dense and smooth surface could catalyze redox reaction efficiently. Comparing with CE-ECD microchip using bare-lTO electrode, proposed CE-ECD microchip using PB deposited electrode has shown better sensitivity by determining the detected peak current from the electropherograms while the concentration of tested analyzes was maintained the same. It is verified that detection limit can be lowered for 0.01 mM of dopamine and catechol respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2016

N-Phenylthiourea derivatives and catechol oxidase receptor complex was studied using molecular mechanics method. The starting structure was adopted from the protein databank and the calculation of energy minimization and molecular dynamics was performed with AMBER package. The molecular dynamics showed that the simulation time span of 20 ns was long enough to observe the interaction profile and stationary ligand-receptor configuration in the complex. The conformation of the ligand was related to the interaction to the receptor and the efficacy was also interpreted in this context.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1992

The effects of an antimetabolite, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AU) on the levels of glucose, glycogen, catechoamines and mucleotides in mice brain were investigated. The level of glucose in the blood starts increasing from 3 h after administration of 6-AU while those in the brain tissue start increasing from 9 h after administration of 6-AN. The concentration of brain glvcogen remained unchanged at all time points except 11h. The level of epinephrine in the brain was found to reach maximum value at initial 3 h following 6-AU administration, after urhich it started dec$\ulcorner$easing si역서cantle. The Brvel of brain norepinephrine remained virtually unchanged before 24 h time point at which it starts decreasing significantly. ATP, CTP, UMP and UTP levels were significantly reduced but AMP and CMP levels urere not affected.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2002

Dopamine(DA), norepinephrine(NE), and epinephrine(E) belong to a class of neurotransmitters known as catecholamine (CA) which are synthesized and secreted by mammalian brain and adrenal medulla. CA regulate several behavior patterns connected with breeding, and regulate GnRH-gonadotropin hormone axis' vitality between hypothalamus-pituitary gland linking with reproduction freeze. The present study examined effects of sex steroid hormone on the transcriptional activities of CA biosynthesis enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), dopamine $\beta$ -hydroxylase(DBH), and phenylethaolamine-N-methyl transferase(PNMT). Mature female rats were ovariectomized(OVX) and implanted with 17 $\beta$-estradiol(E$_2$: 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) or sesame oil. Forty-eight hours after implantation all the animals were sacrificed. Total RNAs were extracted immediately and were applied to semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The expression level of TH was appeared by hypothalamus > SNc> adrenal medulla orders in OVX＋Oil group, and by SNc > hypothalamus) adrenal medulla orders in OVX+E$_2$ group. Treatment with E$_2$ significantly increased TH expression in SNc and adrenal medulla but in hypothalamus, the reduced TH expression was observed. The expression level of DBH was appeared by adrenal medulla > SNc > hypothalamus orders in OVX＋Oil group and in OVX＋E$_2$ group. Administration of E$_2$ significantly reduced DBH expression in SNc, and increased in adrenal medulla. Two cDNA products, large(PNMT1) and small(PMNTs) species of 110bp difference, were amplified in SNc and hypothalamus, but only PNMTs was observed in adenal medulla. The PNMTs expression level was in the order of adrenal medulla > hypothalamus > SNc in both OVX＋Oil and OVX＋E$_2$ group. The PNMTs expression in SNc and adrenal medulla was significantly increased byE$_2$. The present report demonstrated that estrogen effects on transcriptional activities for CA biosynthethic enzymes were tissue specific in adrenal medulla as well as different region of brain. These results suggest that it might be crucial relationship between the type of estrogen receptor and CA enzyme gene expression.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.12 s.269
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• pp.913-919
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• 2006

Background: Vasodilatory shock has been implicated in life-threatening complications after open heart surgery, where the systemic inflammatory reaction is attributed to the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). The secretion of arginine vasopressin(AVP) has been found to be defective in a variety of vasodilatory shock states and administration of AVP markedly improves vasomotor tone and blood pressure. So we reviewed our experience of AVP therapy in patients with vasodilatory shock following heart surgery using CPB. Material and Method: From January 2004 to July 2006, we reviewed the records of patients who received AVP therapy for vasodilatory shock following heart surgery using CPB. Vasodilatory shock was defined as a mean arterial pressure lower(MAP) than 70 mmHg, a cardiac index greater than 2.5 $L/min/m^2$, peripheral vascular resistance lower than 800 $dyn/s/cm^5$, and vasopressor requirements. The hemodynamic responses of patients who received AVP therapy for vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Result: One hundred ninety nine open cardiac surgery patients were consecutively included in this study. Twenty two patients(11.1%) met criteria for vasodilatory shock. Despite the administration of high dose catecholamine vasopressor, all patients were hypotensive with a mean arterial pressure less than 70 mmHg. AVP therapy increased MAP from $53.3{\pm}7.4\;to\;82.0{\pm}12.0$ mmHg at 1 hour (p<0.001) and decreased other vasopressor requirements from $25{\pm}7\;to\;18{\pm}6$ at 1 hour(p<0.001) and individually maintained it for 12 hours. Conclusion: Our date suggest that AVP may be a safe and an effective vasopressor in patients with vasodilatory shock. In patients exhibiting vasodilatory shock after heart surgery, replacement of AVP increases blood pressure and reduces catecholamine vasopressor requirements.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.506-515
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• 2003

Background : A decreased level of serum arginine vasopressin(AVP) and an increased sensitivity to an exogenous AVP is expected in patients with septic shock who often require a high infusion rate of catecholamines. The goal of the study was to determine whether an exogenous AVP infusion to the patients with septic shock would achieve a significant decrement in infusion rate of catecholamine vasopressors while maintaining hemodynamic stability and adequate urine output. Method : Eight patients with septic shock who require a high infusion rate of norepinephrine had received a trial of 4-hour AVP infusion with simultaneous titration of norepinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters and urine output were monitored during the AVP infusion and the monitoring continued up to 4 hours after the AVP infusion had stopped. Results : Mean arterial pressure showed no significant changes during the study period(p=0.197). Norepinephrine infusion rate significantly decreased with concurrent AVP administration(p=0.001). However, beneficial effects had disappeared after the AVP infusion was stopped. In addition, hourly urine output showed no significant changes throughout the trials(p=0.093). Conclusion : Concurrent AVP infusion achieved the catecholamine vasopressor sparing effect in the septic shock patients, but there was no evidence of the improvement of renal function. Further study may be indicated to determine whether AVP infusion would provide an organ-protective effect to the septic shock patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 1992

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of opioids on catecholamine (CA) secretion evoked by a selective cholinergic nicotinic agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazinium (DMPP) and acetylcholine from the retrogradely perfused rat adrenal glands. Methionine-enkephalin $(9.68{\times}10^{-6}\;M)$ caused a significant inhibition of CA secretion evoked by DMPP (100 uM) and $ACh\;(50\;{\mu}g)$, but had no effect on the spontaneous (basal) CA release. Morphine $(1.73{\times}10^{-5}\;M)$ attenuated considerablely the increase in CA release induced by DMPP and ACh. Morphine itself also did not affect the basal CA output. A 20 to 65% reduction of the DMPP- and ACh-evoked increase in CA release was observed after the pretreatment with methionine-enkephalin or morphine. The increase in CA release evoked by DMPP and ACh was reduced markedly by preloading with an opiate antagonist naloxone $(1.22{\times}10^{-7}\;M)$ while basal CA output was not affected by naloxone. These present experimental results suggest that the nicotinic stimulation-evoked CA release from the perfused rat adrenal gland is inhibited by endogenously released opioid peptides through activation of opiate receptors located in the adrenal gland.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1996

The present study was designed to determine the effect of hydrocortisone on CA secretion evoked by histamine from the isolated perfused rat adrenal glands. Histamine (150 ug) given into an adrenal vein produced significantly CA secretion from the rat adrenal medulla. This histamine-evoked CA secretion was enhanced markedly by the pretreatment with the natural glucocorticoid hydrocortisone (30 uM) or the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone 30 (uM) for 20 min, respectively. Hydrocortisone-induced potentiation of CA secretion evoked by histamine was inhibited by preloading with heparin (3.56 U/ml), an $IP_3$ receptor antagonist while more enhanced by forskolin (0.2 uM), a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase. From the experiment result taken together, it is thought that hydrocortisone (glucocorticoids) can enhance the releasing effect of CA evoked by histamine from the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla, which seems to be associated to accumulation of inositol phosphate as well as cyclic AMP in the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 1991

The characteristics and differences between DMPP and McN-A-343 on the secretory effect of catecholamines(CA) were studied in the isolated perfused rat adrenal glands. DMPP(100 uM) and McN-A-343(100 uM) perfused into an adrenal vein of the gland casued significant increases in CA secretion. On molar basis the secretory effect of McN-A-343 was about one fifth as potent as that of DMPP. Tachyphylaxis to releasing effects of CA evoked by DMPP and McN-A-343 was not observed by repeated perfusion of these agents. The DMPP-evoked CA secretion was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with chlorisondamine, desipramine and profusion of $Ca^{2+}-free$ Krebs solution containing EGTA, while it was not affected by pirenzepine, ouabain and physostigmine. However, pretreatment with atropine rather enhanced CA release by DMPP. The releasing effect of CA induced by McN-A-343 was markedly depressed by pretreatment with atropine, pirenzepine, chlorisondamine, physostigmine, and perfusion of $Ca^{2+}-free$ medium plus EGTA but was not influenced by desipramine, except for the case of ouabain which clearly potentiated CA release by McN-A-343. These experimental results suggest that both DMPP and McN-A-343 cause greatly secretion of CA from the isolated perfused rat adrenal glands by a calcium-dependent exocytotic mechanism. The secretory effect of DMPP is due to the stimulation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors and the secretion by McN-A-343 via activation of selecive $M_{1}-muscarinic$ receptors in the adrenal gland. It is also thought that the DMPP-evoked secretory effect is much greater than McN-A-343-induced effect.