• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.889-893
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• 2012

전 국토의 약 7.6%를 차지하고 있는 밭은 장마철이나 집중호우에 의해 하천의 탁수문제를 유발할 뿐만 아니라, 수생태계에도 악영향을 미치기 때문에 비점오염원을 저감시켜야 한다. 이러한 비점오염원을 줄이기 위한 여러 최적관리방법 중 침사구를 밭의 유출부에 적용하여 비점오염물질의 유출저감효과를 평가 하고자 하였다. 평가 방법은 6개(각 110m2)의 무밭을 조성하여 무 재배기간(2011년 4월부터 7월) 동안 시험포에서 발생하는 강우유출수를 1.125 m3($1.5m{\times}1.5m{\times}0.5m$) 크기의 침사구 3개로 각각 유입되도록 하였다. 침사구로 유입된 유출수는 토양으로 침투 및 저류 또는 증발되도록 하였고, 강우에 의한 유출수의 양이 침사구의 용량보다 클 경우 침사구 유출부를 통해 유출되도록 하였다. 연구 결과 평균 64.1%의 유출량 저감효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 수질농도는 BOD5 39.0%, SS 62.1%, CODMn 43.4%, DOC 43.5%, T-N 40.0%, T-P 41.2%의 저감효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유출량과 수질농도를 고려한 오염부하 저감효과는 유출량이 적었던 #2와 #3의 침사구에서 모든 수질항목에서 각각 80%와 90% 이상의 저감효과가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 밭에서 발생하는 비점오염물질 저감을 위해 밭의 유출부에 작은 웅덩이와 같은 침사구를 설치할 경우 비점오염을 저감하는데 매우 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 강우유출수가 적을 경우 침사구에 의한 유사량의 저감효과도 매우 클 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 밭에서 발생하는 비점오염원을 줄이기 위해서는 본 연구와 같이 밭의 지표를 볏짚이나 다른 피복재 등으로 피복하여 토양의 이동을 최소한으로 줄여 오염부하량을 저감하고, 유출이 발생할 경우 밭의 유출부에 침사구를 설치하여 하천으로 유입되는 오염물질을 저감해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• KCID journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2003

Three small-scale sediment traps were built on sloping potato fields at the alpine belt in Korea to examine the sediment and non-point source pollutant reducing capabilities of the traps. Throughout the research period from January 2002 to December 2002,

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1995

This study is concerned with the hydraulic experiments of Modi Khola Hydroelectric in Nepal. The experimental domain consists of the intake structure and the settling basin. The intake structure was made by the undistorted model with the scale of 1:20, the settling basin by the distorted model with the scale of 1:10(vertical) and 1:15(horizontal). Based on the movable bed model theory, the 'Anthracite'($\rho_s$ =1.48) is chosen as a model material. According to the model tests, the installation of the guide wall with proper height and the proper control of the flushing gate are required for the effective flushing in the intake structure. In the settling basin a more proper design of the inlet in order to constrain the turbulence flow is required for an efficient sedimentation and the installation of another flushing pipe near the maximum sedimental area is required. Since the trap efficiency is measured about 95%, it is concluded that the design of the settling basin is proper.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.97-103
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the pollutant reduction effect for non-irrigated crop land by nonpoint source pollution control. For a field scale monitoring, 6 plots (5m width and 22m length) and 3 sediment traps were installed. At the outlet of each plot, the stage gauges were installed for runoff monitoring. For a rainfall monitoring, tipping bucket rain gage was installed within the experiment site. Through the artificial irrigation, runoff from the plots were monitored. The SS, TOC, T-N, T-P, COD, NTU of sampled water were analyzed by standard methods. The SS, TOC, T-N, T-P, COD, NTU concentration of initial runoff were 15.00, 1.54, 5.27, 0.07, 4.72, 0.45mg/L, respectively. Four hours later than the initial runoff, the concentration was changed to 1.00, 0.94, 4.06, 0.01, 0.60, 0.33 mg/L, respectively. As a result of artificial irrigation, three out of four sediment traps were filled with runoff water from the experimental plots. One sediment trap was not filled with runoff water because the artificial irrigation was not supplied for two experimental plots. The stage of sediment traps were gradually lowered. However, the water quality didn't showed a decrease trend as the stage went down because the suspended solid was not equally collected during the water sampling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.313-313
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• 2011

오염물질은 배출원의 형태에 따라 점오염물질과 비점오염물질로 구분하고 있고 점오염물질은 생활하수, 산업폐수, 축산폐수, 환경기초시설 방류수 등으로 발생원이 명확하고 수집하여 처리 및 관리가 용이하나 비점오염물질은 배출위치가 명확하지 않으며, 강우 시 일시적으로 대량 배출되는 특징을 가진 농경지, 도로, 대지, 임야 등에서 배출되는 오염물질을 말한다. 우리나라에서 비점오염은 전체 수질오염의 42~67%(2003년)를 차지하는 것으로 나타났고, 2015년에는 전체 수질오염의 65~75%에 이를 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이 중 농업 비점오염원은 총 수질 오염량의 30%이상을 차지할 것으로 추정하고 있으나 이를 저감하기 위한 최적관리방법의 효과검증에 관한 연구는 아직 미미한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 농경지 중 밭에서 발생하는 비점오염을 저감하기 위한 기법으로 다양한 규모와 형태의 Silt Fence/식생밭두렁/침사구를 설치하여 밭 비점오염에 대한 저감효과를 평가하고 제어대책을 개발하여 최적관리기법을 제시하고 이에 대한 매뉴얼을 개발하기 위한 기초연구를 실시하려 한다. Silt Fence는 주로 건설공사현장에서 홍수유출 발생 시 인접한 하천 및 호소 등으로 유사 및 오염물질이 유입되는 것을 방지하기 위해 임시적으로 설치하는 시설로 합성 직물 필터를 나무나 금속 막대로 연결하여 등고선 방향으로 설치하는 것으로 대상 지역의 토양이 교란되기 전에 그 지역 아래쪽에 설치한다. 식생밭두렁은 밭의 이랑의 길이가 길어질수록 강우 시 빗물이 하단에 이를 때 늘어난 유량과 빠른 유속으로 토양침식이 가중되는데, 이때 30~35m간격으로 식생밭두렁을 설치하게 되면 상부와 하부의 침식정도가 유사한 경향을 보여 식생밭두렁을 설치하지 않은 지역에 비해 토양의 침식정도가 작게 나타나게 된다. 이러한 Silt Fence/식생밭두렁/침사구의 밭 비점오염의 저감효과 평가 및 제어대책 개발을 위한 기초 실험을 수행하기 위해 경상남도 사천시 용현면 선진리 일대에 시험포장을 조성 하였으며, 시험포장내에 6개의 Plot을 만들어 하단부에 포장에서의 유출수의 유량을 측정하기 위해 플룸을 설치하였고 실내실험을 통해 플룸의 수위-유량관계 곡선을 작성하였다. 포장의 토양특성을 판별하기 위해 Plot별로 토양시료를 채취하여 특성을 분석 한 결과 6개 Plot모두 모래함량이 많은 점토질 사질토로 분류되었다. 향후 강우 시 시험포장에서 발생하는 유출수의 수질을 분석하고 Silt Fence/식생밭두렁/침사구의 오염물질 저감효과를 분석하여 제어대책을 개발하게 되면 농업수자원확보를 위한 관리방안 선정을 위한 정책수립에 활용될 수 있으며 비점오염 배출을 최소화시켜 수질의 개선에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 우리나라 농업에 적합한 최적영농관리기술을 개발 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.571-574
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• 2003

Three sediment traps were placed at the toe of sloping fields in the alpine belt of Korea and sediment removal efficiency was estimated. Soil texture of the site was sandy soil and 5 runoff and sediment events were observed during 2002. Sediment was largely affected by both the amount and intensity of rainfall. Especially, rainfall intensity seemed to have profound effect on sediment yield from sloping sandy fields. Sediment removal of the sediments ranged widely from 266 kg/ha to 16,974 kg/ha depending on tillage method, slope and slope length, and amount and intensity of rainfall. Sediment removal efficiency was estimated to be more than 98.8%. It was suggested that rational combination of sediment trap and drainage channel might well contribute to control sediment discharge from alpine sloping fields.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: An intensive farming system may be of the most important source for agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution, which is a major concern for agricultural water management in South Korea. Various management practices have therefore been applied to reduce NPS loads from upland fields. This study presents performances of sediment trap for reducing NPS and soil loss from rainfall runoff in cropland. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2018 and 2019, three sediment traps (L1.5 m × W1.0 m × D0.5 m = 0.75 ㎥) and their controls were established in the end of sloped (ca. 3%) upland field planted with maize crops. Over the seasons, runoff water was monitored, collected, and analyzed at every runoff. Soils deposited in sediment traps were collected and weighed at the season end. Sediment traps reduced runoff amount (p<0.05) and NPS concentrations, though the decreased NPS concentrations were not always statistically significant. In addition, sediment traps had a significant prevention effect on soil loss from rainfall runoff in a sloped cropland. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the sediment trap could be a powerful and the best management practice to reduce NPS pollution and soil loss in a sloped upland field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

Various Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been suggested to reduce Nonpoint source pollutant loads from agricultural fields. However, very little research regarding water quality improvement with sediment trap has been performed in Korea. Thus, effects of sediment trap were investigated in this study. Three sediment traps were installed at the edge of six plots and flow and water quality of inflow and outflow were monitored and analyzed. It was found that approximately 64.1 % of flow reduction was observed. In addition, pollutant concentration of outflow was reduced by 39.0 % for $BOD_5$. For SS, $COD_{Mn}$, DOC, T-N, T-P, approximately 62.1 %, 43.4 %, 43.5 %, 40.0 %, and 41.2 % reduction were observed, respectively. Over 80 % and 90 % of pollutant loads were reduced from sediment trap #2 and #3 because of less outflow from plots covered with rice straw/straw mat. In case of intensive rainfall events occurred from July 26~29, 2011, over 60 % of pollutant and 88.9 % of sediment reduction were observed from sediment trap #3. As shown in this study, small sediment traps could play important roles in reducing pollutant loads from agricultural fields. If proper management practices, such as rice straw/straw mat, are used to protect surface from rainfall impacts and rill formation, much pollutant reduction could be expected.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 1999

No complete methods for estimating soil loss, included by rain storms, from a small watershed are available yet, and the best recommended method is to use measured data from the watershed. When no measured data is available from the watershed, empirical models for estimating the soil loss, such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE), is well recommended in practice. For using this equation, it is necessary to estimated the rainfall erosivity, commonly expressed as R, of the watershed. In this study, first we collected data of the probable rainfalls with the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100, 200, and 500-yr and with the duration hours of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24-hr. Using this data, we calculated the design values for R for the return period of 24-hr at each major rainfall-measuring station nationwide. Then we constructed the iso-erodent map of Korea for each return period of the 24-hr design storm. This study shows that the 24-hr duration iso-erodent map of the 5-yr return period is very similar to the annual average iso-erodent map of Korea. This study also shows that the 24-hr duration R-values of a certain return period can be estimated by multiplying certain parameters, obtained from this study, to the 24-hr duration R-values for the 5-yr return period or the annual average R-values. Finally, the R-values of the design storm with the 24-hr return period obtained from this study can be used for designing the settling basins at small watersheds.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.119-151
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• 2018

This paper is a study of the historical significance of The water and land ceremony performed by Bongeunsa temple in the Joseon Dynasty. The Bongeunsa temple was originally a hermitage named Geungseongam, which was located in the Hakdang-dong, Gwangju County, Gyeonggi Province. After that, Geungseongam was named as Geungseongsa temple. Geungseongsa temple was left in that position and acted as the Temples belonging to Royal Tombs(陵寢寺, TRT) of the King Sungjong, later the name of the temple was changed to Bongeunsa Temple. As a result of movement of the royal tomb of the Joongjong(靖陵) next to the royal tomb of Sungjong, the Bongeunsa was also used as a TRT of the Seonjeongneung royal tomb. After that, the grandson of the King Joongjong, crown prince Soonhoe early passed away, Buddhist shrine (願堂) was set in Bongeunsa temple. Bongeunsa temple remained as a royal prayer place, serving as a Buddhist shrine for crown prince Soonhoe and serving as a Jopo temples for Seonjeongneung royal tomb until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. From the time when it was called Geungseongam to the time after when it was renamed as Bongeunsa Temple, this temple performed The water and land ceremony. But the characters changed little by little. From the King Sejo to King Sungjong, The water and land ceremony characterized Consolation ceremony for the spirit of the dead for prince Gwangpyeong, King Sejong, Queen Soehan and served as the Buddhist memorial praying for the well being of the royal family and people. From the time of the King Yonsan to the time of King Myeongjong, The water and land ceremony had strong characters for Consolation ceremony for the spirit of the dead for King. In the late Joseon Dynasty, Bongeunsa Temple served as the royal party of The water and land ceremony. On the other hand, after the Manchu war of 1636, Bongeunsa Temple also served as the national water and land ceremony for the victims who were killed in the mountains of Namhan. In the Joseon dynasty, The water and land ceremony performed by Bongeunsa Temple was strongly directed for Consolation ceremony for the spirit of the dead for royal family members, and Bongeunsa Temple was maintained as a royal prayer throughout the Joseon Dynasty.