• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.337-345
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• 2009

When the drill hole diameter for the package substrate is under $100{\mu}m$, the smear in the drill hole cannot be eliminated by wet desmear process only. We intended to change the substrate's hydrophobic characteristics to hydrophilic characteristics by adapting the atmospheric pressure plasma prior to the wet desmear process. Atmospheric pressure plasma process was made as the inline type equipment which is adequate for the package substrate's manufacturing process and remote DBD type electrodes were used for the equipment. As the result of atmospheric pressure plasma processing, the contact angle of the substrate was enhanced from 71 degree to 30 degree. Dielectric film thickness, drill hole diameter and surface roughness were measured to evaluated the characteristics of the wet desmear process in case of plasma processing and in case of none. By the measurement, it was analyzed that the process uniformity within the whole panel was largely enhanced. Also, it was verified that the smear in the drill hole was eliminated efficiently which was analyzed by the SEM image of the drill hole.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1046-1054
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• 2006

The raw water DOC contained 39.3% of hydrophilics, 42.9% of hydriophobic, and 17.8% of transphilic. The hydrophobic fraction in this raw water was mostly fulvic acid. Fulvic acid comprised of 62% and the rest was humic acid(38%). There was more carboxylic acid functional group(64%) than phenolic group(36%). HPI-N and HPI-C comprised of 17% and 22% in the hydrophilic portion, respectively. The fouling mechanisms on the membrane surface and into its porous structure were analyzed in terms of several kinetic models. In order to analyze the fouling kinetics, the various kinetic models described in this paper were used to fit the experimental results. The kinetic models and kinetic constants obtained for each operation condition. The permeate flux was rapidly declined by simultaneous pore blocking and cake formation. Also, the permeate flux declined with decreasing internal pore size resulted from organic deposition into the membrane pore. The results of the membrane fouling test using UF membrane according to NOM fractions. HPI-N caused more fouling than HPI-C. Humic acid caused more fouling than fulvic acid probably due to higher adsorption capacity. Since humic acid has higher adsorption capacity than fulvic acid, it would be more adsorbed onto the membrane pores.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.649-655
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• 2013

In order to use as supporters for the reinforced composite fuel cell membrane, poly(acrylic acid)-grafted porous polytetrafluoroethylenes (PTFEs) were prepared via introduction of poly(acrylic acid) graft chains by a radiation grafting method. FTIR was utilized to confirm the successful introduction of poly(acrylic acid) graft polymer chains into the porous PTFEs. Contact angles were examined to observe the hydrophilicity of the surface of the prepared substrates. The result indicates that the hyrophilicity of the surface in the prepared substrates increases with an increase in the number of hydrophilic polymer chains. FE-SEM, gurley number, and tensile strength were also utilized to characterize the prepared substrates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2012

Polypropylene 섬유는 세계적으로 큰 관심을 모으고 있는 섬유 소재로 환경친화성, 경량성, 신축성 등 다양한 기능성을 보유하여 미국, 일본 등의 선진국에서 의류 및 인테리어용으로 채택하여 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나, polypropylene 섬유는 다른 섬유에 비해 융점이 매우 낮아 내열성이 약하여 가공 공정시 고온을 피해야 하고, 곁가지가 거의 없고 섬유 분자 구조가 매우 조밀하며 탄소와 수소로만 이루어진 분자구조에 의한 극소수성 성질 때문에 다른 종류의 물질들과 접착력이 없어 사용에 제약을 주어 다양한 용도로의 활용이 제한되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 Polypropylene 섬유의 제품화에 필요한 요소 기술의 기초를 마련하고자 대기압 플라즈마를 적용하여 소수성 표면을 지니는 표면을 친수화 함으로써 polypropylene 섬유에 후가공이 가능하도록 한다. 따라서 Plasma 표면 처리에 의해 polypropylene 섬유에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하고, 표면을 친수화 함으로써 습윤성, 접착성 등 다양한 가공 기술을 적용하여 PP 섬유의 기능성을 향상시키고자 한다. 플라즈마 처리에 의한 폴리프로필렌 섬유의 모폴로지 변화는 주사전자현미경 (FE-SEM)으로 확인하였으며 표면개질 효과는 Wicking Test로 평가하였다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 1999

The influence of the reactant composition on the surface free energy and on the dispersity in water was investigated by using the fluorine-containing water-soluble polyurethane synthesized with the fluorine-containing diol and hydrophilic diol. The diol donating ionic characteristics was more effective than polyol, and stable emulsion with the diameter of 610~310 nm was obtained in the range of 0.3~0.7 molar ratio of the diol to polyol. According to the increment of fluorine-containing compound up to 10 wt %, the surface free energy of polyurethane was dramatically decreased from 22.3 to 12.6 dyn/cm, and the diameter of water dispersed polyurethane increased from 380 to 860 nm due to the strong interaction between polymer molecules because fluorine segments are arranged on the surface of molecules. The macromonomer with perfluoroalkyl group was more effective in complement of the weak point of water-soluble polyurethane, which is a decrease of hydrophobicity, because of strong hydrophobicity.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1172-1177
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• 2000

최근 콘크리트 보호 재료는 코팅을 이용하는 과거의 방법에서 함침을 이용하는 기법으로 전환하였다. 이중 발수제는 콘크리트의 표면의 특성을 변화시키는 것으로 친수성의 콘크리트를 소수성 물질을 결합시켜 물에 의한 젖음을 방어하는 것으로 콘크리트에 사용하였을 경우 콘크리트의 고유한 표면 장력을 작게 변화시키고 장력이 큰 물질 중의 하나인 물의 흡수를 방어하게 한다. 본 실험은 발수제의 성능 평가를 위하여 다공질의 재료인 콘크리트의 접촉각을 측정하여 그 변화를 관찰하였으며, 발수제들의 우수한 기능 중의 하나인 통기성을 시편의 중량 감소로 측정하였다. 발수제로 n-octyl ethoxy silane을 사용한 콘크리트 시편의 흡수 능력은 사용하지 않은 것의 약 10% 정도로 측정되었으며 시편의 수분 중량 감소는 7일 동안 90~130%로 관찰되어 통기성이 유지되어 콘크리트의 강도 유지에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 겉보기 접촉각은 처리하지 않은 시편에서 24~33$^{\circ}$로 측정되었으나 처리된 시편의 최초면에서 130~141$^{\circ}$이었으며 2mm의 연마면에서는 127~132$^{\circ}$로 측정되어 콘크리트 표면 장력 변화가 유지되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.514-521
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• 2010

A new one-shot process was employed to fabricate proton exchange membranes (PEMs) over conventional solvent-casting process. Here, PEMs containing nano-dispersed silica nanoparticles were fabricated using one-shot process similar to the bulk-molding compounds (BMC). Different components such as reactive dispersant, urethane acrylate nonionmer (UAN), styrene, styrene sulfuric acid and silica nano particles were dissolved in a single solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) followed by copolymerization within a mold in the presence of radical initiator. We have successfully studied the water-swelling and proton conductivity of obtained nanocomposite membranes which are strongly depended on the surface property of dispersed silica nano particles. In case of dispersion of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles, the nanocomposite membranes exhibited an increase in water-swelling and a decrease in methanol permeability with almost unchanged proton conductivity compared to neat polymeric membrane. The reverse observations were achieved for hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. Hence, hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were effectively dispersed in hydrophilic and hydrophobic medium respectively. Hydrophobic silica nanoparticles dispersed in hydrophobic domains of PEMs largely suppressed swelling of hydrophilic domains by absorbing water without interrupting proton conduction occurred in hydrophilic membrane. Consequently, proton conductivity and water-swelling could be freely controlled by simply dispersing silica nanopartilces within the membrane.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Interpenetrating polymer network (PN) is a mixture of network polymers. The characteristics of IPN material is the control of morphology during the IPN synthesis. By controlling the relative kinetics of chemical reaction (as well as gellation) and phase separation, the morphology of IPN can be controlled to obtain materials with nano-scale domain and also the co-continuous phase. Other important advantage is the fact that the morphology is permanent due to the presence of the physical interlocking between the networks. The combination of hydrophilic polyurethane and hydrophobic polystyrene in IPN form provides enhanced blood compatibility due to the co-existence of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains in nano-scale on the surface. The reaction temperature, reaction pressure and the degree of crosslinking were varied during the IPN synthesis and the morphology and blood compatibility of the resulting IPN materials were studied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2005

As a results of this research, the Nakdong River consisted of 43% of hydrophobic fraction, 39% of hydrophilic fraction, and 18% of transphilic fraction. The hydrophobic fraction in this raw water was mostly fulvic acid. Fulvic acid comprised of 62% and the rest was humic acid(38%). There was more carboxylic acid functional roup(64%) than phenolic group(36%). HPI-N and HPI-C comprised of 17% and 22% in the hydrophilic portion, respectively. The results of the membrane fouling test using UF membrane according to NOM fractions. HPI-N caused more fouling than HPI-C. Humic acid caused more fouling than fulvic acid probably due to higher adsorption capacity. Since humic acid has higher adsorption capacity than fulvic acid, it would be more adsorbed onto the membrane pores. The carboxylic acid functional group caused more fouling than the phenolic group.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1991 no.11
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• pp.96-97
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• 1991