• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.383-386
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• 1986

Enlargement of the gingiva caused by phenitoin, an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy, occurs in some of the patients receiving the drug. Its incidence varies from 3 to 62 percent, with the greater frequencies in younger patients. The hyperplasia is usually generalized throughout the mouth, but is more severe tendency in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions, 18 year old male patient was admitted to our Department of Dentistry with the complaint of generalized painless gingival swelling. After the consult of the N.M. and laboratory study, the gingivectomy and gingivoplasty was performed. The periodontal pack and tin foil was applied on the attached gingiva to protect a surgical site and bleeding control. We obtained a good result of improved esthetics and function.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.512-518
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• 2010

The impaction of the maxillary permanent incisor is a common clinical problem and is mostly found at the "labial to the alveolar process." Surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances can be considered if normal eruption of the labillay impacted tooth is not expected. Surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, that is usually under the attached gingiva or is surrounded by alveolar bone through gingivectomy and removal of alveolar bone, may give a rise to complications such as diminution in the width of the attached gingiva, inflammation of the gingiva, and the loss of marginal alveolar bone. Therefore, closed eruption technique, which includes surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances followed by repositioning of surgical flap, is preferred. However, apically repositioned flap of the impacted tooth, which is beneath the movable submucosal area or is above the alveolar crestal area, can prevent unwanted exposures and facilitate successful tooth eruption. In this report, we described esthetic results of three patients with unerupted maxillary permanent incisor who were performed with an apically positioned flap without the loss of attached gingiva.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2021

A beautiful smile is made when it is symmetrical and gums are displayed less than 2 - 3 mm. Excessive gingival display also known as "gummy smile" is often recognized to be unaesthetic. Causes of gummy smile can be caused by delayed eruption, vertical maxillary excess, hypermobile upper lip, or a short upper lip. Meanwhile botulinum toxin which is an exotoxin produced from Clostridium botulinum, works by blocking the release of acetylcholine from the cholinergic nerve end plates leading to inactivity of the muscles. The application site and weakens the muscle tone is drawing attention as a gummy smile treatment caused by hypermobile upper lip. There have been many studies about the method of injecting botulinum toxin into muscles around the lips, but there is still no standardized research method and treatment method, so there is controversy over the therapeutic effect. The aim of this study is to review the previous studies about the predictors of indication and effects of gummy smile treatment using botulinum toxin injection. Especially we tried to propose a protocol for optimal dose and efficient injection point through the anatomical considerations for gummy smile treatment using botulinum toxin.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.262-275
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• 2015

The treatment of areas demanding esthetic requirements, such as maxillary anterior teeth, should take into account the achievement of a healthy, harmonious to the surrounding tissue, and an attractive smile line. In this case report, smile line, soft tissue and hard tissue morphology, and the anatomy and proportion of the tooth, must be considered. In patients with unesthetic maxillary anterior ratio due to inadequate gingival contour and diastema caused by peg lateralis, it would be challenging to achieve an esthetic restoration by orthodontic treatment alone. In such case, after orthodontic treatment, dento-gingivo-facial compositional diagnosis and analysis, followed by gingivectomy and prosthodontic restoration is needed to improve the interdental mesial/distal, width/length ratio to achieve a satisfactory esthetic result. In addition, when improving the tooth proportion of peg lateralis by prosthodontic treatment, Porcelain laminate veneer (PLV), which results in less tooth structure loss, reproduction of similar shade to that of the proximal tooth and high transparency, is recommended. This case report demonstrates esthetic improvements by prosthodontic restoration through systematic diagnosis and treatment procedure in patients with unesthetic maxillary anterior proportion after orthodontic treatment due to peg lateralis by means of two female patients aged twenty years old.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2008

Crown-root fractures occur throughout both crown and root, and are defined as fractures involving enamel, dentin and cementum. The fractures may be grouped according to pulpal involvement into complicated and uncomplicated one. Crown-root fractures often occur on maxillary anterior teeth and comprise 5% of injuries affecting the permanent dentition and 2% in the primary dentition. To restore crown-root fractured tooth, biologic width must be maintained. For maintaining biologic width, such methods as gingivectomy following osteoplasty or orthodontic extrusion or surgical extrusion are available. Surgical extrusion is a method that extracts the tooth and replants the fractured tooth supragingivally. It is indicated when the length of the crown fragment is less than half the length of the clinical root. In these cases, root canal treatment and crown restoration using light-cured composite resin were performed after surgical extrusion. In following periodic examinations, favorable outcome was observed.