• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2017

To find out the stress response and wound healing of surgical incisions, we analyzed the change of stress hormone and the healing process in far eastern catfish, Silurus asotus. The survival rate of the clove oil (1,000 ppm) anesthesia group after surgery was about 90% in 3~42 days, while no anesthesia group showed about 74%. Thus, the survival rate after anesthesia group was higher than that of the no anesthesia group. The plasma cortisol concentration of the clove oil anesthesia group was higher than that of the no anesthesia group (P<0.05). In addition, the plasma glucose concentration of clove oil anesthesia group was higher than that of the no anesthesia group (P<0.05). The plasma lactic acid concentration of clove oil anesthetized group was higher than that of the not anesthetized group (P<0.05). On the 14 days and 28 days after surgery, there were still stitching fiber of suture and swimming behavior was not active. On the 35 days after surgery, trace of the suture has almost disappeared on the outside of the fish. Finally, 42 days after surgery, stitching fiber was not visible, and the sutured wounds were distinctly recovered. The results of this study showed that the anesthesia group showed higher survival rate and received less postoperative stress than that of the no anesthesia group. Surgical wound healing in the catfish of this study was shown to be successful when using anesthetics.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 1990

From May, 1979 to October,1987, 38 patients with endometrial carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy at Seoul National University Hospital. Of these, 32 patients received radiotherapy Postoperatively, one received radiotherapy preoperatively, and five received radiotherapy only. Relative frequencies of obesity, nulliparity, late menopause, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were all higher than those reported in normal women in Korea, and those of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and nulliparity were significantly high. The overall actuarial five-year survival rate was $75.6\%$. The overall actuarial five year survival rates of stage I (22 cases), stage II (six cases), and stage III (10 cases) were $90.0\%,\;80.0\%,\;and\;44.4\%$, respectively, and were significantly different from each other. Among various factors, stage only proved to be prognostic by multivariate analysis. There were two local failures, three local failures combined with distant metastasis, and three distant metastasis. Stages I and II could be adequately controlled by local modalities without severe complications, stage III endometrial carcinoma might need more aggressive treatment for better survival.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.10
• /
• pp.845-855
• /
• 2004

Background: No general consensus has been available regarding the necessity of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) and its optimal techniques in the patients with chest wall invasion (pT3cw) and node negative (N0) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We did retrospective analyses on the pT3cwN0 NSCLC patients who received PORT because of presumed inadequate resection margin on surgical findings. And we compared them with the pT3cwN0 NSCLC patients who did not received PORT during the same period. Material and Method: From Aug. of 1994 till June of 2002, 22 pT3cwN0 NSCLC patients received PORT-PORT (＋) group- and 16 pT3cwN0 NSCLC patients had no PORT-PORT (-) group. The radiation target volume for PORT (＋) group was confined to the tumor bed plus the immediate adjacent tissue only, and no regional lymphatics were included. The prognostic factors for all patients were analyzed and survival rates, failure patterns were compared with two groups. Result: Age, tumor size, depth of chest wall invasion, postoperative mobidities were greater in PORT (-) group than PORT (＋) group. In PORT (-) group, four patients who were consulted for PORT did not receive the PORT because of self refusal (3 patients) and delay in the wound repair (1 patient). For all patients, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) rates at 5 years were 35.3%, 30.3%, 80.9%, 36.3%. In univariate and multivariate analysis, only PORT significantly affect the survival. The 5 year as rates were 43.3% in the PORT (＋) group and 25.0% in PORT (-) group (p=0.03). DFS, LRFS, DMFS rates were 36.9%, 84.9%, 43.1 % in PORT (＋) group and 18.8%, 79.4%, 21.9% in PORT(-) group respectively. Three patients in PORT (-) group died of intercurrent disease without the evidence of recurrence. Few suffered from acute and late radiation side effects, all of which were RTOG grade 2 or lower. Conclusion: The strategy of adding PORT to surgery to improve the probability not only of local control but also of survival could be justified, considering that local control was the most important component in the successful treatment of pT3cw NSCLC patients, especially when the resection margin was not adequate. Authors were successful in the marked reduction of the incidence as well as the severity of the acute and late side effects of PORT, without taking too high risk of the regional failures by eliminating the regional lymphatics from the radiation target volume.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 1999

Propose : This study was performed to find out the prognostic factors affecting local control, survival and disease free survival rate in nasopharyngeal carcinomas treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : We analysed 47 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinomas, histologically confirmed and treated at Chonnam University Hospital between July 1986 and June 1996, retrospectively. Range of patients' age were from 16 to 80 years (median; 52 years). Thirty three (70$\%$) patients was male. Histological types were composed of 3 (6$\%$) keratinizing, 30 (64$\%$) nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and 13 (28$\%$) undifferentiated carcinoma. Histoiogicai type was not known in 1 patient (2$\%$). We restaged according to the staging system of 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer Forty seven patients were recorded as follows: 71: 11 (23$\%$), T2a; 6 (13$\%$), T2b; 9 (19$\%$), 73; 7 (15$\%$), 74: 14 (30$\%$), and NO; 7 (15$\%$), Nl: 14 (30$\%$), N2; 21 (45%), N3: 5 (10%). Clinical staging was grouped as follows: Stage 1; 2 (4$\%$), IIA: 2 (4$\%$), IIB; 10 (21$\%$), III; 14 (30$\%$), IVA; 14 (30$\%$) and IVB; 5 (11$\%$). Radiation therapy was done using 6 MV and 10 MV X- ray of linear accelerator. Electron beam was used for the Iymph nodes of posterior neck after 4500 cGy. The range of total radiation dose delivered to the primary tumor was from 6120 to 7920 cGy (median; 7020 cGy). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed with cisplatin +5-fluorouracil (25 patients) or cisplatin+pepleomycin (17 patients) with one to three cycles. Five patients did not received chemotherapy. Local control rate, survival and disease free suwival rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Generalized Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the difference of survival rates between groups. multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model was done for finding prognostic factors. Results: Local control rate was 81$\%$ in 5 year. Five year survival rate was 60$\%$ (median survival; 100 months). We included age, sex, cranial nerve deflicit, histologic type, stage group, chemotherapy, elapsed days between chemotherapy and radiotherapy, total radiation dose, period of radiotherapy as potential prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. As a result, cranial none deficit (P=0.004) had statistical significance in local control rate. Stage group and total radiation dose were significant prognostic factors in survival (P=0.000, P=0.012), and in disease free survival rates (P=0.003, P=0.008), respectively. Common complications were xerostomia, tooth and ear problems. Hypothyroidism was developed in 2 patients. Conclusion : In our study, cranial none deficit was a significant prognostic factor in local control rate, and stage group and total radiation dose were significant factors in both survival and disease free survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We have concluded that chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in our patients were effective without any serious complication.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2001

Purpose : Lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination and has various clinical course and prognosis, but there are no accurate guidelines for management of BCG lymphadenitis. We performed this study to reveal the clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis and provide guidelines for its management. Methods : From January, 1997, to May, 2000, 73 patients in the 3~24 months were enrolled. We investigated retrospectively the size, site, and number of lymphadenitis, tuberculin skin test induration, used BCG strains, vaccination age, injection site, treatment and clinical course. The effects of various variables on clinical course were evaluated. Results : 1) There were no statistically significant difference between lymphadenitis size and tuberculin test induration diameter, spontaneous resolution rate, and suppuration rate. 2) Later vaccination(${\geq}1$ mo) and supraclavicular lymphadenitis increased suppuration rate. Using domestic BCG product increased surgical treatment rate. 3) According to treatment(observation vs antituberculous medication), medication did not affect the prevention of suppuration and ironically increased the rate of suppuration and surgical treatment. 4) Suppurative lymphadenitis required more surgical treatment than non-supurative one. Conclusions : Clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis is affected by vaccination age, used BCG strains, site of lymphadenitis, antituberculous medication and suppuration, but not affected by size and number of lymphadenitis. For management of BCG lymphadenitis, systemic antituberculous medicaion is not recommended and regular follow up with observation should be the mainstay. But for suppuration, active surgical en bloc resection should be the treatment of choice.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2003

Purpose: To clarify the results of simple bone cyst (SBC) treatment in children by percutaneous autologous bone marrow grafting and xenografting. Materials and Methods: We studied seven cases (4 males, 3 females) of SBC, which were treated by percutaneous autologous marrow and heterograft bone grafting from January 1996 to February 1999. Their mean age at surgery was 10 years (6 to 15), and the mean follow-up period was 35.6 months (20 to 52). Three cases were located in the proximal and middle humerus; three cases were in the proximal femur; and one case occurred in the ilium. Mean volume was 14.7 $cm^2$ (10 to 23). Six cases were active, and one was inactive. Five patients had a history of receiving a mean of 3.2 steroid injections. The mean quantity of bone marrow used in treatment was 14.3 ml (10 to 20), and the mean amount of $Lubboc^{(R)}$ heterograft bone (Transphyto S.A. Clermont Ferrand, France) used was 6.4 blocks (5 to 10). Results were analyzed using the modified Neer classification. Results: Five cases completely healed with obliteration of the cyst cavity (Grade IV). Two cases demonstrated sclerosis around a partially visible cyst (Grade III). All treatment results were satisfactory and without intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusione: Percutaneous autologous marrow and heterograft bone grafting is recommended as an effective treatment method for simple bone cyst. It offers ease of operative technique, a high rate of healing, a low recurrence rate, low morbidity, a low incidence of postoperative complications, and free from bone graft donor site problems.

• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.13
• /
• pp.49-66
• /
• 2000

Despite the fact that understanding customers satisfaction with transportation services is a subject of great importance, authors, so far, found no systematic researches referred to that issue. From this point, studying the satisfaction with subways services can be extremely useful. Empirical study of key factors in the satisfaction with subway services is the departure point, which holds as objectives, and we believe, will contribute to overall increasing in the number of subways services used and in the amount of public benefits derived from that usage. In order to achieve these goals: First, several items referred to some key factors in the satisfaction of subway usage were systemized. Second, a research of specific weights attached to those key factors by subway passengers was conducted. Knowledge of the satisfaction variables system can provide deep insights into ones perceptual experience when using a subway. The results were as follows: Various interrelated factors compose a passengers satisfaction with subway services. People do not just use subway passively; a number of key factors, like physical and personal services, exact timing, easiness to access etc. determine the passengers satisfaction with subway. In order to find out specific weights of these key factors multiple regression analysis was employed. Results showed that satisfaction with subway is determined by (in order of importance) easiness to access, quality of physical services, friendliness of working stuff and timing exactness. According to the findings, passengers do not use subway as a simple mean of transportation, rather they perceive it as a complex combination of environmental elements and overall satisfaction depends on these various factors. Therefore, to learn passengers satisfaction with subways services, passengers subway experience must be thoroughly studied and analyzed, and this is where papers value resides.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 1992

Fifty patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix received curative radiotherapy by external irradiation of the whole pelvis and intracavitary radiation at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital from September, 1983 to October, 1986. External beam whole pelvic irradiation was done first up to 4500-5940 cGy in 5 weeks to 6.5 weeks, followed by an intracavitary radiation. Total dose of radiation to point A varied from 6500 cGy to 11344 cGy (average 6764 cGy). Of the 50 patients, one patient was lost to follow up and follow up period of the remaining 49 patients ranged from 3 months to 93 months (median 32 months). According to FIGO classification, 6 ($12.2\%$) were in stage Ib, 6 ($12.2\%$) in stage IIa, 25 ($51\%$) in stage IIb, 7 ($14\%$) in stage III, and 5 ($10.2\%$) in stage IV. Age of the patients ranged from 33 to 76 years (median 60 years). Pathologically, fourty six ($94\%$) patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 2 ($4\%$) had adenocarcinoma, and 1 ($2\%$) had adenosquamous cell carcinoma. Overall response rate was $84\%$. 5-year survival rate was $49\%$ for entire group ($75\%$ for stage Ib, $83\%$ for Stage IIa, $42.5\%$ for stage IIb, $25\%$ for stage III, $40\%$ for stage IV). Complications were observed in 11 ($22.4\%$) patients, who revealed rectal complications with most common frequency. Others were self limiting trifle ones such as wet desquamation, fatigue, mild leukopenia, etc. The correlation of the survival rate with various factors (age, dose, Hb level, pelvic lymph node status, performance status, local recurrence) was evaluated but showed no statistical significance except the age and local recurrence in this series; survival of patients less than 50 years of age was worse than that of the older, and the presence of local recurrence had worse prognosis (p<0.05).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.449-454
• /
• 2011

Recently, jawbone osteonecrosis has been largely reported as a potential adverse effect of bisphosphonate (BP)administration. Currently available published incidence data for BRONJ are based on retrospective studies and estimates of cumulative incidence range from 0.8 to 12%. The mandible is more commonly affected than the maxilla (2:1 ratio), and 60-70% of cases are preceded by a dental surgical procedure. The signs and symptoms that may occur before the appearance of clinical evident osteonecrosis include changes in the health of periodontal tissues, non-healing mucosal ulcers, loose teeth and unexplained soft-tissue infection. Tooth extraction as a precipitating event is a common observation. The significant benefits that bisphosphonates offer to patients clearly surpass the risk of potential side effects; however, any patient for whom prolonged bisphosphonate therapy is indicated, should be provided with preventive dental care in order to minimize the risk of developing this severe condition.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.349-353
• /
• 2007

Mucocele is a clinical term of the localized superficial mucosal swelling caused by salivary retention after the obstruction or the rupture of minor salivary ducts. Various treatment methods have been suggested to lower its recurrence rate, including complete excision of lesion Biopsy punch can be used easily and simply for complete excision of mucocele. It has several advantages, such as convenience in use, low bleeding tendency, and nearly no requirements for post-operative management. In this case, biopsy punch was used for the removal of mucocele in an uncooperative child, which enable fast, simple and safe procedure, with a good result.