• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.5 s.100
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• pp.399-405
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• 2003

Tooth movement facilitated by corticotomy and distraction osteogenesis, new paradigm in orthodontics, was discussed. Intrusive tooth movement of anterior or posterior teeth was thought to be difficult or impossible. In this study, a part of cortical bone, which was a sort of resistance to tooth movement in alveolar bone, was removed. On the other hand, active bone deposition was made possible in the tension side. That was the main concept of tooth movement facilitated by corticotomy and distraction osteogenesis. Teeth moved at such a speedy tate as we could not imagine in conventional tooth movement, which lead to the reduction of total treatment Period. And intrusive movement was Possible without a side effect, lot example, root resorption or the periodontal breakdown. Those were the superior aspects to the conventional orthodontics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.293-297
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• 2009

Traumatic intrusion is a type of injury that involves axial displacement of a tooth toward the alveolar bone. Its occurance is relatively rare compared to other types of luxation in permanent dentition. It is more common in boys than in girls, and most common etiology of intrusion is fallen down. Various complication may occur following traumatic intrusion, such as pulp necrosis, root resorption, pulp obliteration and marginal bone loss. In addition, traumatic intrusion is commonly combined with hard or soft tissue injuries. Therefore, it is difficult to establish proper treatment plan. Choice of treatment for an intruded tooth by trauma include waiting for spontaneous re-eruption, orthodontic repositioning, and surgical repositioning. In this case, we repositioned the intruded central incisor using orthodontic traction, in a six-year old girl, which failed to re-erupt spontaneously.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.506-512
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• 2007

Traumatic injury of tooth in children is commonly occurred problem. It is classified into tooth, periodontal tissue, supporting bone, soft tissue injury by it's area and extent. Among the periodontal tissue injuries, traumatically intruded teeth are common in anterior maxillary area, though the occurrence rate is rather low, the pulp and supporting tissue injury is possible by vertical impact. The treatment method of traumatically intruded teeth is various. Observation on the spontaneous reeruption for 3-4 weeks is recommended if the traumatized teeth are deciduous teeth or slightly intruded immature permanent anterior teeth. If this did not occur because the extent of intrusion is severe or the traumatized teeth are mature permanent anterior teeth, orthodontic traction is applied by fixed/removable appliances. At this time, light and continuous force is applied for the extrusive movement of the intruded teeth. When above procedures are impossible, surgical repositioning and fixation is recommended. In these cases, we performed conventional endodontic therapy for pulp necrosis and orthodontic traction with fixed appliance. We obtained satisfactory results and will report that.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.575-582
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• 2001

There have been many treatment methods for traumatic subgingival crown fracture and intrusion without spontaneous eruption. The orthodontic forced eruption generally results in favorable clinical findings than crown lengthening with osteotomy and intentional replantation. In first two cases with subgingival crown fracture due to trauma, authors applied orthodontic forced eruption with axed appliance after root canal therapy and then restored them with composite resin. In another case with traumatic intrusive luxation, we observed spontaneous eruption of the corresponding tooth for about 6 months and then returning it to normal position by forced eruption with removable appliance, but root canal filling was conducted after apexification due to devitalization during forced eruption, and so clinically favorable results were obtained.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of intrusion in primary dentition and to evaluate factors influencing complications of primary and permanent dentition during long-term follow-up period. 61 patients (84 teeth) were selected in this study. Medical records of 61 patients were reviewed and age, gender, cause of injury, site of injury, severity of traumatic injury, other injuries associated with trauma, treatment method, and complications of primary and permanent dentition were examined. Collected data were statistically evaluated using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Intrusion in primary anterior teeth was predominant in boys over girls and fall was the most common cause of trauma. It was most common at home and occurred most in the primary maxillary central incisors. Severity had an effect on the incidence of sequelae in permanent successors (p = 0.014). The incidence of complications was significantly lower in patients with soft tissue injuries than in patients with other periodontal injuries (p = 0.000).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.384-398
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution and the displacement pattern of mandibular anterior teeth under various intrusive force vectors according to the position of orthodontic miniscrews and hooks, using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate mandibular teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The displacement of individual tooth on three-dimensional planes and the von Mises stress distribution were compared when various intrusion force vectors were applied. Results: Intrusive forces applied to 4 mandibular anterior teeth largely resulted in remarkable labial tipping of the segment according to the miniscrew position. All 6 mandibular anterior teeth were labially tipped and the stress concentrated on the labiogingival area by intrusive force from miniscrews placed mesial to the canine. The distointrusive force vector led to pure intrusion and the stress was evenly distributed in the whole periodontal ligament when the hook was placed between the central and lateral incisors and the miniscrew was placed distal to the canine. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that predictable pure intrusion of the 6 anterior teeth segment may be accomplished using miniscrews placed distal to the canine and hooks located between the central and lateral incisors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.431-437
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• 2000

Traumatic intrusive luxation, an occurrence common in the primary dentition but one that occurs rarely in the permanent dentition, has a poor prognosis. There have been many treatment approaches such as allowing the tooth to reerupt spontaneously, surgical repositioning and immediate luxation, surgical luxation, and orthodontic repositioning; but all have their own drawbacks. Meanwhile, Turley et al. (1987) have proposed surgical and orthodontic combination therapy to treat intrusion. Surgical and orthodontic combination therapy means to apply the orthodontic traction force immediately after surgical luxation. If ankylosis occurs, orthodontic force may be applied after re-luxation repeatedly. But in cases of complete intrusive luxation, it would be not feasible to bond an orthodontic button or bracket on the tooth directly. Thus, in this case, traction of the tooth was attempted after surgically repositioning it close to the probable original socket site to promote better healing.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

In most patients with severe crowding or lip protrusion, orthodontic treatment with tooth extraction is done. In these patients, even though space is closed after orthodontic treatment, gingival invagination is observed on the extracted site. Since there are possibilities of space recurrence and regional periodontic problems occurrence, periodontic treatment is necessary on the gingival invagination region. This case was a 16 year old female with a chief complaint of crooked teeth. Since her maxillary premolars were already extracted a few years ago at a local dental clinic, orthodontic treatment was done by extracting mandibular premolars. Unlike maxillary premolar regions, gingival invagination occurred in mandibular premolar regions and gingival flattening was done by excising the gingival invaginated region. Gingival flattening was done once on the left side, twice on the right side and showed stable results. This is a case report of a patient that was prone to gingival invagination after orthodontic treatment with extraction and was treated with gingival flattening.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.654-659
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• 2003

Intrusive luxation that takes approximately three percent of permanent teeth commonly occures at anterior teeth. This intrusion frequently leads to pulp necrosis, root resorption, marginal bone loss and these complications are influenced by depth of intrusion and stage of root development. Various treatment approaches have been suggested to manage of intrusive luxation. Techniques aiming to reposition the intruded tooth include an observation for spontaneous re-eruption, surgical or orthodontic repositioning. We report two cases with clinically satisfactory results for traumatically intruded maxillary central incisor. In one case which has a large open apex and mild intrusion depth, we observed for spontaneous eruption and then repositioning by forced eruption method. In other case, which has been completely intruded, was repositioned by surgical extrusion and followed by apexification.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Injury of permanent teeth by trauma usually occurs to $8{\sim}10\;years$ old children, in mixed dentition. Fracture, dislocation, intrusion, extrusion, avulsion are the common types of trauma in teeth. The injuries which teeth are dislocated from the alveolar sockets can be treated by reduction and fixation. In this case report two children visited Wonkwang University Dental Hospital after the emergency treatment of tooth injury by other medical institutes. In these cases the injured teeth were not reducted properly and showed premature contact. So the teeth were dislocated from the alveolar sockets intentionally and fixed again in the proper position. Unproper reduction can cause premature contact, delay of healing, difficulty of mastication, and malocclusion. For this reason emergency rooms or local dental clinics where patients with dental trauma can be examined first, must know well about the treatment procedure of the injured teeth and should be consulted to the profession when necessary.