• Title/Summary/Keyword: 치수 노출

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A Study on the Standard Drawings of Seoul Middle School Architecture in 1975 (1975년 서울시 중학교 표준설계도에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jeong-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.2497-2504
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    • 2013
  • This study aims to analyze the 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' issued by Seoul Education Committee in 1975 because it is the early example for middle school architecture. The results of this study are summarized as follows 1) In general trend of single-corridor type block plan, there are also changes in floor plan like no-corridor type block plan, $9.9{\times}6.6m$ classroom unit for the better daylight condition, built-in storage for students. 2) As for elevation design, it is characterized as daylight-oriented, functional exterior for without making full use of design elements. 3) Standardized dimensions are used as a rule in the height of story, ceiling, window sill and etc. Transitional characteristics of the early RC school architecture are found in exposed ceiling, incomplete insulation structure and mixed use of wood framed floor of earlier type. 4) Contrast to main school building, gymnasium shows the intend to express the symbolism of school architecture with diverse elevation design elements and the plasticity of building mass. 5) Separated plan of toilet and night-duty building also show the transitional characteristics. As conclusion, though showing the stereotyped school architecture, on the other hand, 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' (1975) makes it possible to see the way of coping with the demands for school architecture in that time and the transition of school architecture. This is the main value of it as the material for the studies related to the history of educational facilities.

THE ERUPTION GUIDANCE OF AN IMPACTED TOOTH ASSOCIATED WITH A COMPLEX ODONTOMA : CASE REPORT (복잡 치아종으로 인한 매복치아의 교정적 견인)

  • Pack, Jung-Ah;Yang, Kyu-Ho;Choi, Nam-Ki;Kim, Seon-Mi
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.651-657
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    • 2007
  • Odontomas are the common type of odontogenic tumors and generally are asymptomatic and frequently lead to impaction or delayed eruption of permanent teeth. They are composed of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue and are divided into compound and complex according to the morphology of the hard tissues. Compound odontomas consist of varying numbers of small toothlike structure and have a predilection for the maxillary anterior regions. Complex odontomas consist of an unorganized mass of odontogenic tissues and comprise approximately 25 percent of all odontomas and have a predilection for the mandibular posterior regions. The etiology of odontomas is uncertain but hypothesized to involve local trauma, infection and genetic factors. Treatment of odontoma is conservative surgical removal and are little probability of recurrence. These two cases were about the patients with delayed eruption of mandibular first molar and mandibular lateral incisor. We surgically removed odontoma, exposed impacted tooth and guided impacted tooth into normal position by orthodontic traction. At the completion of traction, the mandibular first molar and mandibular lateral incisor was positioned fairly within the arch and complications such as root resorption were not observed.

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A Study on Quantitative Thickness Evaluation Using Film Density Variation in Film Radiography (Film Radiography에서 농도차를 이용한 정량적 두께 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sung-Sik;Lee, Jeong-Ki;Kim, Young-H.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.356-362
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    • 1999
  • Based on the assumption that film density increases exponentially with exposure in the industrial radiographic film. an equation representing the characteristic curves of industrial radiographic films and a new density-thickness relation are suggested. The accuracy and reliability of the suggested relation has been tested using radiographs of a carbon steel step wedge with known thickness variation by polychromatic X-ray and ${\gamma}$-ray ($Ir^{192}$). The experimental results were well agreed to the proposed relation in the range of film densities from 1.0 to 3.5 and it was more accurate than the conventional relation. It is also found that ${\gamma}$-ray is more effective in this purpose than polychromatic X-ray, which results in variation of effective linear absorption coefficient due to beam hardening effect as thickness increases. Therefore using the equation and experimentally determined parameters the quantitative evaluation of thickness variation is possible and it can be used to evaluate the depth of local corrosion of pressure vessels in plants.

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A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE LOW POWER DENSITY LASER ON THE MECHANICALLY EXPOSED PULP (저출력 레이저가 기계적 노출치수에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Dong-Sung;Lim, Sung-Sam
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.109-118
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    • 1989
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the bio-stimulating effect of low power density laser radiation on the mechanically exposed pulp. Class V cavities on dog's teeth were prepared and the pulps were mechanically exposed with a round bur. In control group, the exposed pulps were capped with $Ca(OH)_2$ powder and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E.. In experimental group A, the pulps were irradiated with GaA1As laser for 5 minutes and then they were treated the same as control group. In experimental group B, the exposed pulps were covered by aluminum foil and sealed with Z.O.E. after they were irradiated with the laser as the experimental group A. In the all groups, the pulps were histopathologically observed at the time intervals of 1, 2 and 3 week after experiment and the results were statistically evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) In control and experimental groups, mild vascular congestion and bleeding was found in most of the specimens and for the new formation of dentin bridge, experimental group A had the most cases. The dentin bridge had discontinuous osteodentin like appearance without any dentinal tubules. Inflammatory cell infiltration consisted of acute and chronic inflammatory cell, and the formation of microabscess was also observed. 2) The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was not significantly different among control group and experimental groups at 1 week, 2 week and 3 week. 3) The formation of new dentin bridge was not significantly different between control group and experimental group A at 1 week, but at 2 week and 3 week, experimental group A showed significantly more cases of new dentin formation than control groups. (P < 0.05). 4) Between control group and experimental group B, there was no significant difference in formation of the new dentin bridge at 1, 2 and 3 week. (P> 0.05). 5) There was no significant difference in formation of the new dentin bridge at 1 and 2 week between experimental group A and experimental group B, but at 3 week, the former significantly had more cases of new dentin bridge formation than the latter.(P < 0.05).

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Effects of Suspended Solid and Cadmium on the Shallow-sea Ecosystem II. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Cadmium to a Herbivorous Copepod, Tigriopus japonicus (천해역 먹이망 생태계에 대한 무기부유입자와 카드뮴의 영향 II. Tigriopus japonicus에 대한 카드뮴의 급성 및 만성독성)

  • CHUNG Ee-Yung;SHIN Yun Kyung;YIH Wonho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.124-133
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    • 1996
  • A herbivorous copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, was tested to study its acute and chronic responses to Cd tonicity. Under $20^{\circ}C,\;96hr-LC_{50}$ of T. japonicus in medium with $32\%_{\circ},\;26\%_{\circ},\;and\;18\%_{\circ}$ salinity were 11.1 ppm, 13.7 ppm, and 9.7 ppm, respectively. The $96hr-LC_{50}$ in medium with $32\%_{\circ},\;26\%_{\circ},\;and\;18\%_{\circ}$ salinity increased to 21.6 ppm, 15.0 ppm, and 11,0 ppm, respectively under $10^{\circ}C$ condition. Oxygen consumption rates during 96hrs exposure to Cd toxicity decreased more sharply at $20^{\circ}C$ than those at $10^{\circ}C$. Survival rate and $250dys-LC_{50}$ of T. japonicus in medium with $32\%_{\circ}$ salinity, in concentration of Cd 4 ppm were $5\%$ and 0.05 ppm, respectively under $10^{\circ}C$, and $0\%$ and 0.20 ppm under $20^{\circ}C$. It was that the copepod selectively feed on Skeletonema costatum, Nitzschia pungens, N. seriata, and Rhizosolenia hebetata f. semispina.

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Long-Term Compressive Strength and Durability Properties of "CSG" Materials by Freezing-Thawing Test (동결융해시험에 의한 "CSG" 재료의 장기강도 및 내구 특성)

  • Jin, Guangri;Kim, Kiyoung;Moon, Hongduk;Quan, Hechun
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.17 no.12
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2016
  • With the development of construction technology, constructions of dam and levee (dike) as well as the environmental problems are becoming issues. Recently, many countries have tried to develop and used CSG (Cemented Sand and Gravel), which needs fewer requirements than others in aggregates, constructability and ground condition during the dam construction. Mixing up with small amount of cement, CSG is able to increase the strength and proceed accelerated construction without artificial gradation adjustment of riverbed aggregate and crushed rock on construction site. Thus, CSG can minimize environmental damage resulted from quarries mining and reduce cost of construction. Unlike heat of hydration condition that regular concrete usually met, CSG exposes to repeated dry-wet and freezing and thawing environment. Thus, consider the importance of structure of dam or levee, intensive study on the durability of CSG is needed. In this study, freezing and thawing experiment was carried out to evaluate the durability of CSG. In results, the durability factor of CSG is 30~40 or >40 when the amount of cement is $0.4{\sim}0.6kN/m^3$ or $0.8{\sim}1.0kN/m^3$, respectively. The unconfined compressive strength is reduced to 30~50% or 40~70% when the amount of cement is $0.4{\sim}0.6kN/m^3$ or $0.8{\sim}1.0kN/m^3$, respectively. Taken together, the strength and durability of CSG is reliable when the amount of cement is over $0.8kN/m^3$.

Synthesis and Film Properties of Cross-linked Polysulfone with Imide Side Chain (이미드 곁가지로 가교되는 폴리설폰의 합성 및 필름 특성)

  • Lee Eun-Sang;Hong Sung-Kwon;Kim Yong-Seok;Lee Jae-Heung;Kim In-Sun;Won Jong-Chan
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.140-145
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    • 2006
  • The mort commonly available substrate material is glass in the display fibrication process. However, glass is not desirable due to its heaviness and fragility. Recently, plastics such polysulfone (PSF), polyethesulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and cyclic olefin polymers (COP) have been investigated to replace glass as a substrate material for display fibrication. Plastic substrates are advantageous in that they are lightweight, huh impart resistance, flexibility, and ability for roll to roll manufacturing process. But many plastics have poor chemical resistance in organic solvent. The chemica resistance is also lequired because they are exposed to solvents for various chemical treatments din the manufacturing process. So, we have an interest in the chemical modification of PSF to improve chemical resistance. We introduced crosslinkable imide moieties using chloromethylation method for the modification of PSF which could be overcome above shortcomings for display substrate based on plastic film. We prepared the cross-linked polysulfone films which were represented chemical resistance in HeOH, THF, DMSO and NMP. The thermal properties were measured by TGA, DSC and TMA. As the results, we have confirmed to enhance of the thermal property. They had low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which decreased to 15% and had increased $T_g\;from\;180^{\circ}C\;to\;252^{\circ}C$. Cross-linked polysulfone films with imide side-chain had good optical properties and chemical resistance so that they could be used as flexible display substrate.

SEM Study on the Anaerobic Bacterial Adhesion to the Dentin of Root Canal (혐기성 미생물의 근관내 상아질 부착에 대한 주사전자현미경적 연구)

  • Sung-Eun Yang;Kwang-Shik Bae
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.350-359
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    • 2001
  • 목적 - 근관형성시 근관내 상아질벽에는 항상 도말층(smear layer)이 형성되는데, 이는 상아질, 치수조직 잔사, 조상아세포 돌기, 때로는 미생물 등으로 구성되며, 주사전자현미경상으로는 비규칙적이며, 무정형의 구상(granular)구조물로 관찰된다. 본 연구에서는 도말층의 유무에 따른 혐기성 미생물, Prevotella nigrescens의 근관내 상아질 부착정도를 주사전자현미경으로 평가하고자 한다. 지금까지 사용되었던 실험방법에 비하여 보다 임상적 환경에 가까운 실험방법을 고안, 신빙성 있는 연구결과를 기대할 수 있도록 하였다. 방법 - 치주질환이나 외상 등의 원인으로 발거된 상, 하악 전치 18개를 사용하였다. 각 치아의 치관부를 백악법랑경계부위에서 절단하고, 1군(5개치아)은 10ml의 생리식 염수를, 2군(5개치아)과 3군(5개치아)은 10ml의 3.5% NaOCl을 근관관주용액으로 사용하여 근관형성을 하였다. 근관형성 완료후 1군과 2군은 10ml의 생리식염수로, 3군은 10ml의 0.5M EDTA용액으로 final flush를 시행하여, 3군의 도말층을 제거하였다. 치근수직절단과 ethylene oxide(EO) gas 소독후 1, 2, 3군의 시편(각군10개시편)을 Prevotella nigrescens가 부유된 Brain Heart Infusion with Yeast estract, Hemin and Menadione(BHIYHM) broth내에 37$^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 incubation했다. 4, 5, 6군은 실험과정을 검증하기 위한 대조군으로써, 4군(1개치아)과 5군(1개치아)은 1군, 2군과 같이 각각 생리식염수와 NaOCl만을 이용한 근관형성으로 도말층을 잔존시키고, 6군(1개치아)은 3군과 같이 NaOCl과 EDTA를 적용하여 도말층을 제거한 후, 치근 수직절단과 EO gas 소독을 시행했다. 모든 시편(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6군)을 통상의 방법에 따라 처리한 후 주사전자현미경을 통하여 관찰, 근관내면에 부착되어 있는 Prevotella nigrescens의 개수, 모양, 상아세관 및 도말층과의 관계 등을 관찰, 비교, 분석하였다. 결과는 t-test와 one-way ANOVA를 통하여 통계처리 하였다. 결론 - 1. 근관형성 후 근관내 상아질 표면 전체는 도말층으로 덮여 있는 양상을 보였다. 2. 3.5% NaOCl과 0.5M EDTA를 적용하여 근관내 도말층을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있었으며, 상아세관 개구부가 확연히 노출되어 있는 소견을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 도말층이 덮인군에서 미생물의 부착이 유의성 있게 높았다(P<0.05). 4. 근관 형성중 형성되어 근관 상아질을 덮고 있는 도말층이 미생물의 부착을 증가시켜, 근관 재감염의 기회를 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다.

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CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST ASSOCIATED WITH ODONTOMA : CASE REPORT (치아종을 동반한 석회화 치성낭에 관한 증례 보고)

  • Lee, Seon-Suk;Lee, Chang-Seop;Lee, Sang-Ho;Lee, Nan-Young
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2006
  • The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) predominantly affected Maxillary anterior segment and it is developmental cyst. But COC showed diverse terminology or classification, clinicopathologic features as well as its biologic behavior COC usually presents as slowly enlarging but otherwise symptomless swelling. Association with impacted teeth and odontoma is described in $24{\sim}30%$. The epithelial lining of COC(ghost cell) appears to have ability to induce the formation of dental tissues in the asjcents connective tissue wall. This case is a COC associated with a odontoma involving an impacted left maxillary canine in 14-year-old female child. Radiographic examination revealed a well-demarcated radiolucent lesion partially occupied by a radiopaque mass, involving the left canine. The histologic sections showed cystic cavity lined with ameloblastic epithelium containing ghost cell masses with regular and irregular shape odontoma. The final pathologic diagnosis was calcifying odontogenic cyst with odontoma(Type IB by Preatorius). Enucleation and elimination of the included tooth were performed. Now endodontic treatment was preformed on the 1st premolar of the upper left jaw, which had a lesion. And the patient and their parents want to have the orthodontic treatment performed and would like to keep the space maintainer.

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Evaluation of Hardening Properties and Dry Shrinkage of Non-Sintered Binder Based Floor Mortar Utilizing Alpha-Hemihydrate Gypsum (알파반수석고를 활용한 비소성결합재 기반 바닥 모르타르의 경화특성 및 건조수축 평가)

  • Lee, Kye-Hyouk;Kim, Gyu-Yong;Lee, Bo-Kyeong;Kim, Rae-Hwan;Shin, Kyoung-Su
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.359-365
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    • 2015
  • Floor mortar experiences dry shrinkage by temperature and humidity difference of internal matrix with material type. Also, since floor mortar is influenced by environmental conditions during placing and curing period, cracks are likely to be occurred. In this study, it was evaluated the hardening and dry shrinkage properties of non-sintered binder based floor mortar utilizing alpha-hemihydrate gypsum which has expansibility in order to prevent crack of the floor mortar. It was applied to the construction site, and examined the effects of external environmental conditions on shrinkage deformation and cracking. Different types of slag accelerated initial and final setting in comparison with cement mortar and its compressive strength was satisfied standard compressive strength for floor mortar. Also shrinkage deformation behavior after the initial expansion exhibited a similar tendency with the cement mortar. From the field application result, no crack was found from slag mortar, and it is determined that the slag mortar has better dimensional stability than cement mortar caused by external environment conditions.