• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.746-764
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• 2022

Communication breakdown has been mentioned causing a heavy burden for dementia caregivers. This study aims to inspect and structure the process and results of communication between people with dementia and their caregivers. The impeding/facilitating elements of communication are also extracted. Interviews with 21 of dementia care experts about the direct and indirect experiences of communication with people with dementia were analyzed based on the grounded theory. Results show that combination of the cognitive and communication decline of the people with dementia, confusing environment and caregivers' inappropriate attitude and lack of communication skills leads to communication breakdown and relations severance. Minimal contacts and task-oriented conversation results in conflicts and people with dementia's increasing agitation, anxiety and violent behaviors while understanding of individuality and listening with heart lead to recovered lucidity in the state of serious dementia, recovered pleasure and voluntary participation in the daily activities for people with dementia. Core paradigm was defined as 'Person Centered Care through relation formation'. There are 4 types of communication with people with dementia : partnering, patronizing, conflicting, avoiding types. Researchers suggest that Person Centered based communication skills be educated and trained for dementia caregivers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe nonverbal behaviors of nurses in communication with patients with dementia in an elderly care institution in Korea. Methods: Conversation analysis was utilized to analyze the data which were collected using video camera to capture non-verbal as well as verbal behaviors. A total of 66 episodes of everyday conversations were analyzed using seven nonverbal categories: affirmative head nodding; illustrative gestures; patient-directed eye gaze; smiling and/or laughing; forward leaning; affective touch; and instrumental touch. Results: Among seven categories, patient-directed eye gaze(94%) was the most frequently utilized among nurses followed by affirmative head nodding(67%) and forward leaning(67%), while smiling was the least used(32%). Affective touch was identified in 39 episodes(59%). Among them, the most frequently touched area was hand or handshaking(59%) followed by shoulder or back, arm, and face. There were wide differences among nurses in terms of using affective touch, ranging from 0% to 98%. Nonverbal behaviors were more frequently identified in effective episodes than in ineffective episodes. Conclusion: Actively utilizing effective nonverbal behaviors may help geriatric nurses in promoting communication and in establishing rapport with patients with dementia.

• Health Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the degree of emotional labor, mental health care, care performance of certified caregivers for elder with dementia, and the factors that affect care performance. Methods: In order to collect data, structured questionnaire was used for 197 caregivers who worked at 3 dementia specialized facilities located in D city. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: Care performance had negative relationship with emotional labor(r=-.320, p<.000) and mental health(r=-.240, p<=001). Emotional labor had positive relationship with mental health(r=.208, p=.003) And the prediction factors influencing care performance were health status(${\beta}=.363$, p<.001), emotional labor(${\beta}=-.242$, p<.001), mental health(${\beta}=-.223$, p=.001). The total variance was 38.9% by predictors(F=25.978, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in order to improve the care performance mental health program should be provided and good health management is needed to improve health status. And also it is necessary to develop and apply new strategies to reduce emotional labor of the dementia facility caregivers.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Objective : Reminiscence program is a method to restore psychological stability for the elderly having dementia, and at the same time it makes the aged with dementia express themselves correctly by helping them to recollect their past life memories. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on communication ability in applying the reminiscence program to elderly patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Methods : The subject were 4 patients whose Alzheimer's dementia of moderate. This experiment was designed with pre-stage, treatment-stage, post-stage. The reminiscence therapy was compose of reminiscence activities of their live; in their childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and senescence. The therapy was delivered 30 times for 15 weeks. Results : The result of the study were as follows. First, after reminiscence therapy, recognition ability was improved. Second, after reminiscence therapy, emotional side was improved. Third, after reminiscence therapy, communication ability was improved. Conclusion : In this study, the reminiscence therapy had a positive effect on the improvement of communication skills among the elderly with Alzheimer's dementia. Based on the reminiscence therapy, it is thought to be very helpful in improving the communication ability of the elderly with dementia in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.749-751
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• 2016

Due to the advent of virtual reality, the past communication method using images and video through the expansion into three-dimensional space has been provided more realistic and seamless interaction environment. Unlike reality, virtual reality is under a full human control and due to this benefit can be used as a substitute for reality therefore medicine and healthcare area has attracted attention in the prevention and treatment of dementia utilizing virtual reality. The research provided in this paper is aimed to design a virtual reality-based mild cognitive impairment prevention training system, focusing on the Symptoms of Alzheimer's precursor, mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify functional structure and patterns of dialogue sequence in conversations between elderly patients with dementia and nurses in a long-term care facility. Methods: Conversation analysis was used to analyze the data which were collected using video-camera to capture non-verbal as well as verbal behaviors. Data collection was done during February 2005. Results: Introduction, assessment, intervention, and closing phases were identified as functional structure. Essential parts of the conversation were the assessment and intervention phases. In the assessment phase three sequential patterns of nurse-initiated dialogue and four sequential patterns of patient-initiated dialogue were identified. Also four sequential patterns were identified in nurse-initiated and three in patient-initiated dialogues in the intervention phase. In general, "ask question", "advise", and "directive" were the most frequently used utterance by nurses in nurse-initiated dialogue, indicating nurses' domination of the conversation. At the same time, "ask back", "refute", "escape", or "false promise" were used often by nurses to discourage patients from talking when patients were raising questions or demanding. Conclusion: It is important for nurses to encourage patient-initiated dialogue to counterbalance nurse-dominated conversation which results from imbalance between nurses and patients in terms of knowledge and task in healthcare institutions for elders.