• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.63-68
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• 1988

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1C
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Recently, there have been many construction projects on soft ground with growth of industry and economy. Therefore foundation piles of abutments and(or) buildings had been suffering from a lot of stability problems of inordinary displacement due to lateral flow of soft ground. Although many researches about lateral flow have been carried out, it is still difficult to assess the mechanism of lateral flow in soft ground quantitatively. And reasonable design method for judgement of lateral flow occurrence in soft ground is not established yet. In this study, six PNN (Probabilistic Neural Network) models were developed according to input variables and database compiled from Korea and Japan for the judgment of lateral flow occurrence. PNN models were compared with present empirical methods. It was found that the developed PNN models can give more precise and reliable judgment of lateral flow occurrence than empirical methods.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.195-205
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• 2013

This study, using the MCC Model to consider consolidation, estimated the range within which no influences occur from lateral movement and its amount of the foundation pile and abutment on the soft ground. This study performed finite element analyses, with variations on the adhesiveness and internal friction angle, depth of soft clay, embankment height, consolidation parameters, and separation distance between the abutment and embankment. The abutment's horizontal displacement exhibits linear change with a longer separation distance, and changes into an exponential form as the embankment gets closer to the abutment. As the soft clay layer becomes 10 m deeper, the horizontal displacement tends to increase 1.5~3.0 times. However, it decreases at a rate of 0.3~0.95 when adhesiveness is increased by 10 $kN/m^2$ and internal friction angle is increased by $5^{\circ}$. The increase change rate in a lateral movement amount becomes greater if it is closer to the abutment when the abutment separation distance is long. When the distance is short, the change rate of horizontal displacement increases in similar a way, but it tends to be decreasing overall.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2017

The Naeyeonsan Tuff is a stratigraphic unit which is distinguished as a cooling unit in the volcanic rocks of the northern Pohang. The Naeyeonsan Tuff, which is composed of crystals of plagioclase, quartz and hornblende, glasses of pumice and shard, and lithics of dacite, rhyolite, sandstone and shale, belongs to a lapilli tuff field according to the granulometric classification and to a vitric tuff field according to the constituent classification. The tuffs mostly develop welding foliations by dense welding and flatterning pumices and shards, and show several flow indicators by pyroclastic flowing. We can know a movement pattern from flow lineations and imbrications by pumices and lithics, and lateral gradings in isopleth map by average largest lithics and pumices in the Naeyeonsan Tuff, which indicate that the Naeyeonsan Tuff had a possible source area from the southeastern part.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.57-68
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• 2004

When an embankment is constructed on soft clay ground, the lateral displacement generally called as lateral flow is generated in the foundation ground. It strongly affects stabilities of structures, such as foundation piles and underground pipes, in and on the foundation ground. The lateral earth pressure induced by the lateral flow is influenced by the magnitude and construction speed of embankment, the geometric conditions and geotechnical characteristics of the embankment, and the foundation ground, and so on. Accurate methods for estimating the lateral earth pressure have not ever been established because the lateral flow of a foundation ground shows very complicated behavior, which is caused by the interaction of shear deformation and volumetric deformation. In this paper, a series of model tests were carried out in order to clarify effects of construction speed of an embankment on the lateral earth pressure in a foundation ground were design. It was found that the magnitude and the distribution of the lateral earth pressure and its change with time are dependent on the construction speed of the embankment. It was found that a mechanism for the lateral earth pressure was generated by excess pore water pressure due to negative dilatancy induced by shear deformation under the different conditions of construction speeds of embankments.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

Recently, there have been many construction projects on soft ground with growth of industry and various construction problems concerning soft soil behavior also have been reported. Especially, foundation piles of abutments and (or) buildings which were constructed on the soft ground have been suffering from a lot of stability problems of inordinary displacement due to lateral flow of soft ground. Although many researches for this phenomena have been carried out, it is still difficult to assess the mechanism of lateral flow on soft ground quantitatively. And reliable design method for judgement of lateral flow occurrence is not established yet. In this study, PNN (probabilistic neural network) and CNN (committee neural network) theories were applied for judgment of lateral flow occurrence based on eat data compiled from Korea and Japan. Predictions of PNN and CNN models for new data which were not used during model development are compared with those predicted by conventional empirical methods. It was found that the developed PNN and CNN models can predict more precise and reliable judgment of lateral flow occurrence than conventional empirical methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.38-51
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• 1996

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.3 s.184
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• pp.319-330
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• 2007

The Muposan Tuff is a stratigraphic unit which is distinguished as a cooling unit in the volcanic rocks of the northeastern Kyeongsang Basin. The Muposan Tuff commonly belongs to tuff field according to the granulometric classification and to vitric tuffs according to the constituent classification. The tuffs are mostly densely to partially welded to include very flattened and sometimes stretched pumices and shards, and involve several flow indicator and lateral gradings in maximum diameter and content of their constituents. Movement pattern from flow lineation, lithic and pumice imbrications, asymmetric flow folds, and lateral gradings in maximum diameter and content of their constituents indicate that the Muposan Tuff had a source from the southeastern part.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

To observe the behavior of lateral deformation of buried pipe and the preventing effect of embankment piles against the lateral deformation, a series of full-scale field tests were performed on a reclaimed coastal area. A buried pipe was installed in the west coast undergoing reclamation and embankment was performed by three steps. Then vertical settlement and lateral displacement were measured by the settlement plate and the inclinometer. Embankment pile system were applied to prevent the lateral displacement of buried pipe. Heave of the buried pipe slightly happens during embankment and following settlement. Finally the behavior steadily converged. The preventing effect of the embankment pile was approximately two times stronger than non-reinforcement. Both settlement and lateral displacement appear to be bigger at upper ground and smaller at lower ground.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.986-990
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• 1997

Twenty-three patients underwent operations to repair a congenital heart disease through right anterolateral thoracotomy(RALT) between December 1989 and December 1996. Defects repaired 22 atrial septum(13 ostium secundum;3 lower sepal defect;4 posterior septal defect; 1 sinus venosus;1 ostium primum) and 1 ventricular septal defect. There was no operative mortality or late morbidity directly related to RALT. The RALT incision is a safe and effective me hod to a median sternotomy in selective patients(especicially female). The cosmetic results are very good during the follow up periods.