• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2008

Forbush Decreases (FDs) are representative events of abrupt decrease in galactic cosmic ray intensity. They are known to be strongly associated with solar wind events such as interplanetary shock (IP shock) and magnetic cloud (MC). In order to examine effectiveness of the MC on FDs, I studied the 44 MCs that occurred during the 2 years from 1998 to 1999 and investigated the properties of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind. As a result, I found that 11 out of 44 MCs are associated with the FDs. In particularly, it is noted that the FDs are driven by the IP shock sheaths which are associated with over 13 nT of IMF magnitude, 3 nT of IMF turbulence, and 550km/s of solar wind speed. This result indicates that magnetic cloud and its interplanetary shock sheath work as a modulator of the cosmic ray intensity.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2011

표면파 속도 측정은 근래 토목분야에서는 비파괴 지반조사기법으로 활용되고 있다. 최근에는 디지털 신호처리기술의 발달과 함께, 더욱 정확해진 자료분석 알고리즘을 통하여 표면파 탐사관련 기술이 향상되어 3차원의 공간연속적인 시험이 가능해졌다. 본 연구는 표면파의 분산 특성을 이용하여 콘크리트 구조물의 깊이별 강성평가를 하는 SASW(Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves)기법과 STFT(Short time Fourier Transform)과 HWT(Harmonic Wavelet Transform)를 이용한 주파수영역에서의 공진주파수를 통한 부재평가 기법인 IE(Impact Echo)기법을 이용하여 대상부재의 강도평가를 수행하기 위한 시제품 개발을 수행하였다. 시제품은 메인프레임과 2개의 센서로 이루어져 측정을 수행하며 측정장치와 DAQ장치 및 S/W로 구성되어 있다. 메인프레임의 진동특성영향을 제거하기 위하여 2개의 센서는 프레임과 띄움구조로 설계하였고 센싱하는 위치는 대상 재료의 밀착되어 계측할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 탄성파를 계측하여 대상 재료의 깊이별 측정된 표면파의 속도를 계측하며 개발된 시제품의 구조물별 적용성 평가를 위한 실험을 수행하였고 평균 표면파 속도를 통해 추정한 콘크리트 두께와 결함 및 강도 추정의 적용성을 평가하였다. 시제품을 이용해 시험콘크리트 표면파를 측정한 결과 SASW기법을 이용하여 깊이에 대한 위상속도 분포와 IE기법의 결과로 개발된 시제품의 합리적 적용성이 평가되었다. 그러나 재료의 강도추정에 있어서는 각각 알고리즘의 주파수분석 요소들에 의해 변동되는 경향을 보여 추후 많은 테스트를 통해 속도-강도 추정의 회귀곡선식을 S/W에 탑재시키고 다양한 방법으로 조합하는 알고리즘으로 신뢰성있는 강도추정을 위한 알고리즘을 개발하여야 한다.

• Water for future
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 1988

Characteristics of finite difference schemes for St. Venant equation were compared with two input cases. One is the monoclinal wave which has large friction slope without discontinuity and the other is the shock wave with discontinuity. For monoclinal wave, Keller Box scheme is the best in terms of accuracy, efficiency and stability when two parameters were selected with a rele : $0.5{\leq}{\theta}{\leq}1.0$, ${\theta}+{\psi}$=1, But for shock wave only the Preissmann type of parameter ${\psi}$(=0.5) showed stable results. Numerical experiments of monoclinal wave showed that Lax-Wendroff and Richtmyer schemes were more stable than leap Frog and more accurate than Lax-Fredrich scheme. For shock wave Lax-Fredrich showed larger numerical dissipation than other explicit schemes and Leap Frog produced slower mass transport.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.54-59
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• 2013

Micro shock tubes are now-a-days used for a variety engineering applications such as in the field of aerospace, combustion technology and drug delivery systems. But the flow characteristics of micro shock tube will be different from that of well established conventional macro shock tube under the influence of very low Reynolds number and high Knudsen number formed due to smaller diameter. In present study, experimental studies were carried out to a closed end (downstream) Micro Shock Tube with two different diameters were investigated to understand the flow characteristics. Pressure values were measured at different locations inside the driver and driven section. The results obtained show that with the increase in diameter the shock propagation velocity increases as well as the effect of reflected shock wave will be more significant under the same diaphragm rupture pressure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

In this study, the damages of high strength concrete exposed to high temperature have been evaluated by the impact echo method. Elastic wave velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity were measured by the impact echo method, and the compressive strength and the static modulus of elasticity were measured by the compression testing method after exposure to high temperature. The results showed that elastic wave velocity has a linear correlation with the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity has a linear correlation with static modulus of elasticity. Based on results, it is concluded that the impact echo method can be effectively applied to evaluate the mechanical properties of fire damaged high strength concrete.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 1995

Structural stress under shock or impact load is varied with the lapse of time and the structural stress is called stress wave. Propagating longitudinal stress wave is studied in a 2-dimensional plate. A finite element program for elastic stress wave propagation is developed in order to investigate the shape of stress field at time increment. The longitudinal stress wave is generated by unit step function. According to the finite element analysis results, the longitudinal stress wave propagates to the similar direction of impact load and the front of stress wave propagates with the same speed as analytic solution and the shape of stress field is similar to that of analytic solution. The shear wave is occurred after the longitudinal stress wave and declined at an angle of 45 degrees compared with longitudinal stress wave and the speed of shear wave is about a half of the longitudinal stress wave. The intensity of shear wave is larger than that of longitudinal stress wave.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2003

Nondestructive test (NDT) provides much information on concrete without damage of structural functions. Of NDT methods, elastic wave propagation methods, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method and impact-echo (IE) method, have been successfully used to estimate the strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio of concrete as well as to detect the internal microstructural change and defects. In this study, the concretes with water-binder ratio ranging from 0.27 to 0.50 and fly ash content of 20% were made and then their longitudinal wave velocities were measured by UPV and IE method, respectively. Test results showed that the UPV is greater than the longitudinal wave velocity measured by the If method, i.e., rod-wave velocity obtained from the same concrete cylinder. It was found that the difference between the two types of velocities decreased with increasing the ages of concrete and strength level. Moreover, for the empirical formula, the dynamic Poisson's ratio, static and dynamic moduli of elasticity, and velocity-strength relationship were determined. It was observed that the Poisson's ratio and the modulus of elasticity determined by the dynamic method are greater than those determined by the static test. Consequently, for the more accurate estimation of concrete properties using the elastic wave velocities, the characteristics of these velocities should be understood.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.589-600
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• 2022

In order to verify the reliability of Dry Test Bench (DTB) used for testing the output energy from ballistic extracorporeal shock wave therapeutic devices, the measurements with DTB were compared with the acoustic energy measured with a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) for a commercial ballistic ESWT device. It was shown that the mechanical energy detected with DTB had variability maintained within 5 % at the same output power setting and also had a linear correlation (adj. R² = 0.991) with the acoustic energy measured with the LDV for the entire output power settings. Using the correlation between the two methods and the correlation on the acoustic energy measured in between air and water with the LDV, the DTB measurement can be used to estimate the energy flux density in water with an average error of 7.85 % for the entire output power settings of the ballistic shock wave generator considered in the experiment. DTB provides information limited to the output mechanical energy and therefore it is not suitable for testing the various acoustic output parameters required in IEC61846 and IEC63045. However, DTB that is simple in measurement principles and easy to use is expected for manufacturers and clinical users to monitor the performance of ballistic Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.487-488
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• 2010

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2011

Variable speed limit(VSL) is one of the highway ITS techniques designed to prevent accidents and traffic slow down by reducing congestion or speed variation between vehicles and lanes prior to arrive at the accident location by limiting speed. In Korea, while people have recognized the need for variable speed limit beginning with Seoul's urban expressway and installed facilities in order to provide guide for speed limit per lane and lane use, there has not been enough development of algorithm for internal administration as well as research on the basic principles behind administering variable speed limit. This study is for modeling and evaluating the VSL strategies based on the traffic flow theory. Supply-Demand method of the Cell Transmission Model is applied to demonstrate the traffic features and shockwaves to upstream of the bottleneck with/without VSL. We verified the explanation of Cell Transmission Model for the numerical example. and as the result, it is found that VSL strategies can reduce the total travel time in the congested section and variation of the speed. It means VSL is useful to improve the traffic condition and the safety on highway