• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) is released from the macrophages and endothelial cells, regulated luteotropic and luteolytic actions of macrophages and induced luteolysis. However, the mechanisms of MCP-1 on the development and maintenance of pregnant corpora lutea are thoroughly unknown. In this experiment, TUNEL stain, ED1, ED2, and MCP-1 immunohistochemistry on the corpora lutea of pregnant rats were carried out to reveal the role of macrophages in the developing corpora lutea. In the postpartum corpora lutea, the number of macrophages was increased significantly, and the intensity of ED1 and ED2 immunoreactivity in macrophages were increased moderately, and MCP-1 immunoreactivity was also increased. In conclusion, macrophages in the postpartum corpora lutea may exert phagocytic action mainly, and the macrophages in the pregnant corpora lutea maintain the structure and function of lutein cells.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.230-240
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to observe the exclusive breastfeeding(EBF) rate and to identify factors which influence EBF by postpartum period. The data were obtained from the 2015 National Fertility Survey, Family Health and Welfare in Korea, and secondary data analysis were employed for 1,839 mothers who gave birth to baby between January 2013 and February 2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The EBF rate at the 1st and 6th month of postpartum were 54.0%, 9.4% respectively. The significant influencing factors on the EBF at the 1st month of postpartum were age of mother, baby's birth rank, type of delivery, breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. The significant influencing factors on the EBF at the 6th month of postpartum were age of mother, living area, EBF in the first month. We found that the influencing factors on EBF differed by postpartum period. In order to improving the rate of EBF, it is recommended that taioed interventions is needed considering the factors affecting the EBF by postpartum period.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-90
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• 2003

This study aims to discover patterns of Korean women's life course in terms of their life time sequence of family roles and economic activity. Primary factors for the change and diversity of family-work role sequence are also examined. Data used in this study is the Fourth Survey of Korean Women's Economic Activity which was conducted by Korean Institute of Women Development (KIWD) in 2002. According to the main results, five distinctive patterns of life course are to be disentangled for ever married women: First, doing simultaneously family and work roles with no maternal leave (13.7%); second, reentry into labor market after maternal leave (M type, 18.6%); third, no reentry into labor market after maternal leave (latent M type, 26.9%); fourth, first job entry after child rearing (23.5%); and finally, no work experience (17.3%). The relative composition of the respective life course has changed over marriage cohorts. M type including latent M type became a dominant life pattern among married women since marriage cohorts of 1980 and later. The share of married women who begin to work first after maternal role or have no work experience has declined with recent marriage cohorts. It is also noted that the share of women with simultaneous family and work roles has increased among marital cohorts of 1990 and later. Marriage cohort differences being controlled, life patterns significantly differ by women's educational level, existence of role model of working mother at growth, women's own and husbands' gender role attitude, and family economy. Finally, some policy concerns for gender role division of family and work are raised.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.68-85
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of mothers' condition including the level of knowledge and parenting stress that mothers have on infant development. The subjects of this study are 270 mothers whose infants range in age from birth to 36 months. The instruments used are: 1)KCDI(Knowledge of Child Development Inventory, Larsen & Juhasz, 1985) 2)Parenting Stress Scale(Kim & Kang, 1997), and a demographic questionnaire. The data analyses use SPSS 12.0 which employs basic statistics, reliability test, and t-test. This study is time-lag design covering five years. Therefore, the data collected originates from 2002 and 2007 to constitute input from two times. The results of this study indicate that the average pregnancy from the 2007 statistics occurred 0.46 months earlier, after marriage, as compared to pregnancies in 2002. Mothers who gave birth by natural birth increased from 59.9 % to 75.3 % over the five year period. Regarding knowledge of infant development, the level of mothers' knowledge was lower in 2007 than in 2002 according to study results. The level of parenting stress of mothers increased for the 2007 statistics as compared to the 2002 survey.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2003

수유기 여성은 임신과 출산이라는 신체적 생리적 변화과정을 겪은 대표적인 영양취약집단으로서, 수유기 여성의 영양상태는 본인의 건강회복뿐만 아니라 영유아의 영양에도 직접적인 영향을 주는 중요한 시기이다. 수유기 여성들에게 부족 되기 쉬운 철분과 칼슘영양상태를 수유형태별로 비교해 봄으로써 수유기여성의 영양교육을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 수유기여성 84명(모유영양군27명, 인공영양군 47명, 혼합영양군 10명), 비수유기여성 20명, 총 104명을 대상으로 일반적 환경 및 특성, 식이조사, 체지방 측정, 혈액분석, 골밀도 측정을 실시하였다. (중략)

• RED RIBBON
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• s.69
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• pp.6-7
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• 2006

임신은 HIV의 치료를 연기하는 이유가 되지 않으나 HIV감염 임신 여성은 임신 중, 진통 중, 분만 시, 모유 수유 시 어느 시기라도 바이러스를 태아에 전파할 수 있다. 만약 예방약을 복용하지 않고 모유수유를 한다면 아이에게 감염될 기회는 20-45%가 될 것이다. 모유수유를 하지 않고 치료한다면 전파의 위험성을 2% 이하로 낮출 수 있으며 지도부딘 한 가지 약제의 투여로도 위험성을 반 이상 줄일 수 있다. 그러므로 가임기의 HIV감염인은 임신하기 전부터 감염내과 의사와 산부인과 의사의 긴밀한 협조가 필요하다

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.107-128
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• 2019

When parental experience improves parenting skills, parents are likely to behave in favor of children of higher birth orders. To examine this hypothesis, this study analyzes birth month based on birth order of children in South Korea where parents prefer to have babies in the earlier months of a year. This study finds that while more babies are born in the earlier months, second-born children are more likely to be so than first children. This implies that parental experience makes for better parents.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.579-588
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• 2009

This study examined the birth timing and the birth interval for married women, focusing on their employment status. Relying on 2005 National Survey of Marriage and Fertility, three different groups were selected: those who have no child until five years after marriage; those who gave birth for the first child within three years; those who gave birth for the second child within three years. Results show that married women who have temporary jobs tend to have longer period of having no child than housewives. In contrast, among those who have the second child within three years, married women who have temporary jobs tend to have shorter birth interval for their second child than housewives. Women in their 20s are more likely to have shorter period of time to have the first child and shorter interval for the second child than those in their 30s. Job security for married women, maternity leave for childbirth and childcare, and family-friendly environment should be strengthened to increase the fertility level by shortening the timing of having the first child and the birth interval.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2019

The amputation of body parts of wild animals can affect their activities in the wild and the behavior of mothers raising their cubs can cause behavioral characteristics in their offspring. In 2017, an Asiatic black bear was caught in a snare at the Jirisan National Park and had a right forefoot amputation. It was released into the wild the same year and gave birth to two cubs. The seasonal analysis of the behavioral rites of five females who gave birth in the same year as this individual showed specific home ranges, activity altitudes, and movement distances compared to other populations. Physical disabilities in the mother could lead to difficulties in food activity, hibernation, and cub-rearing, but the bear's maternal instincts helped to overcome difficulties in the wild and ensure the cubs' survival. It also became a special experience in the process of promoting the restoration of Asiatic black bears at Jirisan National Park. Although the Asiatic black bear's cubs, which grew up in difficult conditions compared to other populations, are not currently causing problems, continuous monitoring will help determine the success of the disabled mother cub-rearing study. Furthermore, these case studies will be used to establish long-term management directions and plans for conflicts with people from various perspectives.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.139-156
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• 2018

This study analyzed the aspect of occupational contents shown in total 24 types of Technology & Home Economics (1). (2) textbooks for middle school in accordance with the 2009 revised curriculum. Analyzing the type of occupation shown in textbooks based on the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations(hierarchical classification), the frequency(ratio), and the aspect of occupational contents in each unit of textbooks and each data type, this study provided basic data to be able to understand diverse aspects of occupational contents. In the results of study, in case of Technology & Home Economics textbooks for middle school, the large area of 'home life' presented occupational contents in the relatively high ratio than the 'world of technology' while the frequency(ratio) of occupational contents was very much different in each publisher, large area, and unit. The occupation name presented in textbooks provided very limited information in the level of 5.27% of occupations presented in the Korea Dictionary of Occupations. Especially, providing occupational information concentrated in professionals & relevant practiceans in the type of the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations(hierarchical classification), it was limited to provide opportunities to learn the diversity related to occupation. Based on such results of study, on top of introducing diverse occupational contents to make students cherish all the occupations, it would be also necessary to seek for institutional measures related to textbook development/career education, so that they could explore career by considering their aptitude and interest.