• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.138-138
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• 2000

국내의 백상지 공정은 공정에 투입되는 청수의 양을 줄이면서 동시에 폐수 배출 양을 감 소시키기 위해 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 공정으로 유입되는 청수의 양과 처리된 폐수의 양을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 PDFCpolydisk filter)를 도입하여 백수를 여과하여 showertf sealing 에 재사용하고 있으며 공정수 재활용에 따른 유기 물질과 무기물질의 계 내로의 축적을 방 지하기 위한 효과적인 폐수 처리방법을 모색하고 있다. 일반적으로 청수를 백수로 대체할 경우 공정 백수 내에 TDSCtotal dissolved solid), T TSSCtotal suspended solid), CODCchemical oxygen demand), 전기 전도도와 칼숨 경 도 등이 증가되며 음이온성 저해 물질Canionic trash)이 증가하여 보류 및 지력증강용 첨가제의 효율 을 떨어뜨릴 뿐만 아니라 마모, 슬라엄, 펠트 막힘 등의 문제를 유발하게 된다고 알려져 있다. 청수를 백수로 대체함에 따라 생기는 이러한 문제를 해결하면서 효율적인 청수 절약 방안 을 세우기 위해서는 무엇보다도 문제를 유발하는 원인 물질의 축적 양을 예측하는 것이 중 요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 백상지 공정의 폐쇄화 수준이 높아짐에 따른 공정 백수 내의 유기물질의 축적 현상을 분석하는 것올 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 산화전분을 유기물질의 대표하는 물질로 설정하였다. 이는 백상파지와 함께 초지계 내로 유업되는 산화전분은 파지의 4%를 차지할 정도로 유입량이 많을 뿐만 아니라 음이온성을 띄고 있어서 지료에 홉착율이 낮고 양이온성 고분자의 효율을 저해하며 슬라임의 원인이 되기도 하는 물질이기 때문이다. 산화전분의 축적 현상을 분석하기 위하여 pilot 설비 상세 설계도를 참고하여 하루 생산량 이 16 T/D이고 백상파지만이 파지로 유입되는 백상지 생산 공정을 모델로하였으며, 산화전 분의 홉착과 용출 모델을 만들어 상용 시율레이터를 이용하여 시율레이션 프로그램을 작성 하였다. 시률레이션 프로그램에서는 장섬유 미세섬유, 충전제를 지료 구성 성분으로 설정하였고 O Orccotoma 등이 사용한 일과 보류도 모델을 응용하여 보류도 모델올 만들었다. 산화전분은 백상파지에 포함된 형태로만 초지계 내로 유입되며 백상파지가 해리되는 과정에서 완전히 백수에 용출되었다가 지료 구성 성분에 홉착되는 것으로 가정하였다. 지료 홉착된 산화전분 의 양은 용존 산화전분 총량에 비례하는 것으로 가정하였으며, 이 때 이 비례상수를 전분 홉착율이라 정의하였다. 시율레이션 결과, 공정 폐쇄화가 진행됨에 따라 백수 내의 산화 전분 농도는 증가하게 되 며, 폐쇄화 수준이 높아질수록 백수 내 전분 농도의 증가량은 더 높아졌다. 백수 내의 전분 농도의 증가량은 백상파지 첨가량이 증가할수록, 표면 사이징 양이 증가할수록 커졌다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare the DM intake, the digestibility, and the utilization of nitrogen and energy of Korean native goats, when fed on orchardgrass supplemented with alfalfa or birdsfoot trefoil. Experimental diets included three treatments: orchardgrass(OG) 100%, orchardgrass 6%+alfalfa(AA) 40%(OG+AA), and orchardgrass 60%+birdsfoot trefoil(BT) 40%(OG+BT). The CP content was higher for OG+AA and OG+BT diets than for OG diets(P<0.05). The NDF content was high in OG diets(P<0.05) and the lignin content was high in OG+BT diets(P<0.05), but the ADF content did not differ among all diets. The DM intake and the digestibility of OM and cellular constituents were higher for OG+AA diets than for OG diets(P<0.05), but the NDF and ADF digestibility were not significant difference among all diets. The apparently digested N was higher for OG+AA diets than for other diets(P<0.05). However, the retained N % and biological value were higher for OG+BT diets than for OG diets(P<0.05), but those were not differ between OG+AA and OG+BT diets. On the other hand, the utilization of DE and ME did not show the difference among all diets. Based on the results, the utilization of nitrogen and energy was more improved for legume supplemented diets(AA, BT) than for OG diets(P<0.05). Furthermore, the utilization of nitrogen was slightly more improved for OG+BT diets than for OG+AA diets, but the significantly difference was not observed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield, quality and utilization of nutrients of wild Korean lespedeza as a forage legume sources. Dry matter(DM) yield of stages, chemical composition and DM digestibility were observed, also DM intake, digestibility and utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats were determined. Experimental diets include three treatrnents ; mixture grass hay(GS), GS 80% + lespedeza(LA) 20% and GS 60% + LA 40%, respectively. The DM yield of Korean lespedeza(LA) with advancing the growing stage tended to significantly increase(P<0.05). The average DM yield was observed 7,336kg/ha. CP content of LA tended to decrease, but fiber content tended to increase at growing stage advanced(P<0.05). The tannin content of LA was highest in bud stage (54.5mg/g), but tended to decrease at growing stage advanced, lowest in seed ripe stage(26.8mg/g) (P<0.05). With increasing the level of LA supplementation, DM intake by Korean native goats slightly increased, but no differences were observed in all diets. The digestibility of DM, cellular constituents and NDF were slightly lower for GS 100% diets than LA 20% and 40% supplemented diets(P<0.05). Apparently digested N% was not detected significant differences in all diets, but retained N and biological value were higher for LA supplemented diets than for GS 100% diets (P<0.05). Utilization of DE and ME was not detected significant differences in all diets. Above the results, it could be suggested that LA have a potential to provide as forage legume sources considering the DM yield, DM digestibility and nitrogen utilization.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.195-203
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• 1986

In order to clarify the trend of change in mineral nutrients in rice plant on various ripening process, P$_2$O$\sub$5/, K$_2$O, MgO, CaO, SiO$_2$ and ash contents were determined for the grain, internode, leaf-5heath and leaf blade respectively for 9 times at an week interval after heading. Four rice cultivars with different maturity and ecotype were grown under normal cultural conditions for the trial. The contents of mineral nutrients in the brown rice were in the order of Ash, P$_2$O$\sub$5/, K$_2$O and MgO. CaO and SiO$_2$ were found in minute quantity in the brown rice. The hull contained SiO$_2$ in large quantity, and it also contained the mineral nutrients in the order of K$_2$O, P$_2$ O$\sub$5/O. The CaO content of hull was extremely minute.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1981

This experiments was carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrogen retention on different levels of crude protein intake according to live weight, and the crude protein and urea content in serum of the Korean native goat. The results obtained are as follows: 1. When the female goat at 8 months age (14kg) had taken nitrogen free diet, the content of endogenous urinary nitrogen was 1.29g and endogenous fecal nitrogen was 1.27g per day. Therefore, the goat needs minimum level of crude protein per day. 2. When the thermometer checked below-$10^{\circ}C$, the nitrogen retention rate showed minus reaction in spite of 20% crude protein level. This suggested that the low temperature was consumed higher energy to maintain the body. 3. The nitrogen retention rate of the pregnant female goat of 20kg live weight, however, decreased as compared with the growing goat and was 17~20%. 4. According to the levels of crude protein were lower, crude protein and urinary nitrogen contents in serum were greatly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

Kenaf plants were hydroponically grown in reactor containing toxic metals as Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn to examine the ability to take up heavy metal. The plants were fertilized using a nutrient solution, which was appropriately adjusted to optimum pH, DO and conductivity. For n hydraulic retention time of 8 days, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn were removed up to 90.5, 80.5, 66.1%, 71.1% and 79.4%, and reduced from 2.34 to 0.54 mg $L^{-1}$, 3.37 to 1.07 mg $L^{-1}$, 4.92 to 3.19 mg $L^{-1}$, 6.31 to 4.41 mg $L^{-1}$ and 6.27 to 2.09 mg $L^{-1}$. Especially, accumulation rate of Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the plant were measured up to 347.32, 275.39, 157.52, 50.48 and 211.01 mg DW kg $L^{-1}d^{-1}$, respectively. We considered that Kenaf plants removed Cr, Cd and Zn more effectively than other toxic metals applied.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 1987

A total of 1,440 White Leghorn pullets hatched in summer and winter, aged 20 to 72 weeks were fed 9 rations differing in dietary protein (13, 15 and 17%) and energy (2,500, 2,700 and 2,900 kcal/kg) levels for a period of 52 weeks in order to evaluate the optimum dietary energy and protein levels for laying hens. As metabolizable energy level increased from 2,500 to 2,900 kcal/kg of feed egg production, daily feed and protein intake and egg shell quality decreased, but reverse was true for the daily energy intake, energy requirement and feed cost per kg egg, body weight gain, nutrients utilizability and abdominal fat accumulation, Egg weight, viability and egg yolk Pigmentation were not affected by the dietary energy level. On the other hand, as dietary protein level increased from 13 to 17%, egg production, egg weight, daily protein intake, protein requirement per kg egg and body weight gain icreased, but daily feed and energy intake, feed and energy requirement per kg egg, egg yolk pigmentation and dry matter utilizability decreased, and no significant difference in the feed cost per kg egg, viability and egg shell quality was observed among dietary protein levels. However: the hens fed 15% and 17% Protein diets did not show significant differences in egg production, egg weight and body weight gain. For the entire laying period of 52 weeks, metabolizable energy level of 2,500 kcal/kg of feed and 15% dietary protein level were considered to be adequate to support the optimum productivity.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1992

1) 1/2 Scale Model 실험과 실제품 성형실험을 통하여 정밀 냉간단조에 의한 Tripod Slide Housing의 제조공정 설계기술을 확립하고, 4단계 성형공정으로 시제품 제작에 성공하였다. 2) Triod Slide Housing을 성형할 수 있는 4단계(전방압출, Heading, 후방압출, Ironing)의 금형을 설계 및 제작하여 시제품 생산에 적용하고, 관련 필요기술을 축적하였다. 3)XC 48 등 중,고탄소강의 소둔 실험을 통하여 소둔 조건에 따른 구상화율 및 경도의 변화에 대한 연구를 수행함으로써, 고탄소강의 냉간단조시에 필요한 최적 소둔 조건에 응용할 수 있는 자료를 축적하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2001

영산강 수계의 습지생태계 모니터링의 일환으로 4개 지역을 선정하여 황소개구리 205개체를 채집하여 이들의 외부기형 출현율 및 양상을 조사하고 그들의 체내 조직에 축적된 중금속 농도를 분석하였다. 황소개구리의 기형 출현율은 6.8%로 다른 척추동물에서의 자연발생률 3%보다 높았으며, 기형은 모두 앞 또는 뒷발갉에서 나타났다. 유형별로 보면 결손(Ectrodactyly)이 64.3%로 가장 많았고 다음으로 확장(Dilation)이 28.6%, 절단(Truncation) 7.1%의 순이었다. 정상과 기형 개체간에 중금속의 농도를 조직별로 비교해 본 결과 기형개체의 신장에서 Mn은 4배, Zn 은 1.5배, Cu은 7배, Pb는 8배, Cd는 7배 정도 높았다. 또한 기형 개체에서는 이들 원소의 조직분포 패턴도 변화한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들로부터 황소개구리는 습지생태계의 모니터링 시료로서 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2006

This study was conducted not only to investigate effects of different supplementation levels of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves on feed intakes, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and blood metabolites in Korean black goats but also to obtain basic data for nutritive value of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves and production of high quality functional animal products. Twelve Korean black goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats per treatment and then they were housed in individual metabolism cages with completely random arrangements for 21 days. Four treatments were separated into controls and three different supplementation levels of Acanthopanax senticosus such as 10, 20 and 30%, respectively. For the chemical composition of experimental diets, crude protein (CP) contents of controls were 13.39% and those of supplementation treatments were lowered with increasing levels of Acanthopanax senticosus. Control groups tended to have higher acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents as compared to supplementation groups, but non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents tended to be higher far supplementation groups than those for controls. Feed intakes had no significant difference among treatments, but digestible dry matter amounts were significantly higher for 20 and 30% supplementation groups than those for other treatments. Dry matter intakes per metabolic body weight and their ratio per body weight were highest in 20% group, but those of 40% groups were lowest (p<0.05). Crude protein, ADF and NDF digestibilities were significantly higher in Acanthopanax senticosus supplementation groups in comparison to controls (p<0.05), and in particular, they were increased with increasing supplementation levels of tranthopanax senticosus. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher for 20 and 30% treatments than those fur controls (p<0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower for 30% supplementation group than those fur controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, plasma triglyceride concentration was significantly lower for Acanthopanax senticosus groups than those for controls (p<0.05). The results showed that supplemental level of 20% Acanthopnnax senticosus leaves to Korean black goats improved nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and plasma urea nitrogen and triglyceride concentrations. Consequently, it might contribute to more efficient production of Korean black goats.