• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2024

This study compared and evaluated the antibacterial activities and MIC of snowberry extract and fermented extract. For antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida Albicans were used. Antimicrobial activity and MIC were measured at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was measured using the 8mm paper disc method. In the case of snowberry extract, it was confirmed that the root extract showed antimicrobial activity at concentrations of 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL, and in the case of fermented extract, it showed antimicrobial activity at 200 mg/mL. As a result of the MIC, for fermentation in snowberry leaf and root extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentration for each bacterium was confirmed in stem extracts. The above results indicate that the antibacterial properties of snow berries are improved by fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1709-1715
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidant activities of extracts from Mori ramulus using different extraction methods (HE, hot water extraction; EE, 50% ethanol extraction; UE, ultrasonic extraction; PE, pressured extraction). The extraction yield of PE (3.07%) was higher than that of UE (1.43%), EE (1.18%), and HE (1.07%). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EE were 334.66 mg/g, and 35.64 mg/g, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of EE ($3,483.37{\mu}M/g$ FW) was higher than those of HE ($2,687.52{\mu}M/g$ FW), UE ($2,300.45{\mu}M/g$ FW), and PE ($2,117.62{\mu}M/g$ FW). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of EE at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 65.84%, and 97.52%, respectively. The superoxide radical scavenging activity of EE was 67.77~98.74% ($100{\sim}500{\mu}g/mL$) higher than those of other extracts. The ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power of EE were $189.00{\sim}974.80{\mu}M$, and 0.12~0.82, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of EE (23.25~67.20%) improved with an increase treatment concentration. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of EE were significantly higher than those of other extracts. In conclusion, we provided experimental evidence that extracts from Mori ramulus have potential as functional materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.676-682
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• 2000

The effect of dandelion leaf extracts on lipid metabolism was investigated in high cholesterol-fed rats. Four groups of rats were given a high cholesterol diet containing 10g cholesterol/kg and 2.5 g sodium cholate/kg for 6 weeks. The control group received without dandelion leaf extracts and the other three groups received with one of dandelion leaf extracts (water, ethyl acetate, ether), respectively. Weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher in water group than control group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, chylomicron and VLDL-cholesterol concentratins were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were significantly higher in dandelion leaf extract supplemented-groups than control group. Dandelion extract increased HDL-C/total-C ratio and lowered atherogenic index. Hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations lowered in dandelion leaf extract groups compared to control group. Especially, hepatic triglyceride and free cholesterol levels were lower in ethyl acetate extract group than in water and ether extract groups. Dandelion leaf extract supplements did not affect hepatic phospholipid cencentration. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in water extract group than the others. ACAT activity was significantly decreased by dandelion extract supplements.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Alpina officinarum (AO) ethanol extract on immunocompromised mice. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with an immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide, and then administrated orally with 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of AO (AO 30, AO 100, and AO 300, respectively). The concentrations of cytokines and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG) in serum were measured. The body weight of the mice and spleen cell number of the AO-fed group showed no significant difference compared to a control group. The concentrations of several cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TGF-${\beta}$, in serum showed a significant increase in the AO 100 group compared to the control and other groups (p<0.05). The IL-4 level showed no significant difference in the experimental groups. The supplementation of AO (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) significantly increased the concentration of IgM (p<0.05). The concentration of IgA was significantly increased in the AO 100 group (p<0.05) compared to the control group. It can be concluded that AO ethanol extract enhances immune function by promoting the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

Botanical extracts are employed in management of aphids. Extracts from Tanacetum cineariaiaefolium, Derris elliptica, and Sophora flavescens are widely used to control various insects. In this study, we determined concentrations of insecticidal active ingredients in commercial botanical extracts of these plants, and we investigated the time and concentration for lethal results with the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. The concentrations of active ingredients, pyrethrins from T. cineariaiaefolium, rotenone from D. elliptica, and matrine and oxymatrine from S. flavescens, were determined after their fractionation by liquid chromatography followed by mass analysis and comparison with standard compounds. The extracts were tested for lethality in a bioassay with green peach aphids. Sprays at defined doses were applied to tobacco leaves infested with aphid nymphs. The lethal concentrations (LC50) were 20.4 ppm for pyrethrins, 34.1 ppm for rotenone, and 29.6 ppm for matrine at 48 h after treatments. At 100 ppm application levels, the lethal time LT50 was 13.4 h for pyrethrin, 15.1 h for rotenone, and 14.4 h for matrine. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated the lethal times for the three botanical extracts at 100 ppm were significantly faster than application of a chemical insecticide, Sulfoxaflor, applied at the recommended level. These results provide baselines to develop and formulate single or mixed preparations containing botanical extracts to control green peach aphids on commercial crops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2007

The study was carried out to optimize the electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite scavenging ability, and the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase of Ailanthus altissima ethanol extracts from roots, stems and leaves. The EDA of the roots and stem extracts were 64.04% and 63.27% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The SOD-like activity of the leaves extract was the highest (50.00%) at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The nitrite scavenging ability of the leaves extracts was over 98% at pH 1.2 and 3.0. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory rates of the extracts were $93.62%{\sim}95.40%$ and the tyrosinase inhibitory rate of the roots was the highest (62.01%) at the concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. These results indicated that the roots extract showed the highest EDA and tyrosinase inhibition, while the leaves extract had tile highest SOD-like activity and nitrate scavenging ability.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2020

Phellinus baumii, a white-rot fungus, has been used for centuries as folk medicine in China, Japan, and Korea. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-diabetic, and anti-cholinesterase, and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the fruiting bodies of P. baumii. The methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts (2.0 mg/mL) of P. baumii fruiting bodies suppressed α-amylase activity, exactly 61.33%, and 65.00%, respectively; of note, acarbose, the positive control, inhibited 93.33% of the α-amylase activity. Moreover, the ME and HE (2.0 mg/mL) inhibited 89.67% and 91.00%, respectively, of the activity of α-glucosidase activity, whereas the same concentration of acarbose suppressed 84.67% of the α-glucosidase activity. The ME and HE (1.0 mg/mL) also inhibited 96.05% and 94.58%, respectively, of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; galanthamine, the positive control, led to an inhibition of 81.12%. The butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was also inhibited by ME and HE (1.0 mg/mL; 91.05% and 82.27%, respectively); of note, the same concentration of galanthamine suppressed 81.12% of the BChE activity. The production of NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly suppressed by both ME and HE treatments. Importantly, the carrageenan-activated rat hind-paw edema was significantly reduced 2-6 h after ME administration (50 mg/mL). Taken together, the results suggest that the fruiting bodies of P. baumii have α-amylase, α-glucosidase, α-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities, and, therefore, may be good natural sources for the promotion of human health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2012

Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Asteraceae) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for the treatment of inflammation, hypertension, and respiratory diseases due to its strong antagonistic activity against inflammatory cytokines. The effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract (CIE) for increasing cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and collagen content were totally inhibited, suggesting that the effect of CIE might be partly involved with estrogen activity. Furthermore, the protective effects of CIE on the response of osteoblasts to oxidative stress were evaluated. Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with hydrogen peroxide and/or CIE, and markers of osteoblast function and oxidative damage were examined. CIE significantly increased cell survival, ALP activity, and calcium deposition, and decreased the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in osteoblasts. Taken together, these results indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by CIE may prevent osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

A study on the solvent extraction of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The results showed that the extraction efficiency of chromium increased in proportion to extractant concentration. Aliquat 336 of quarternary amine effectively extracted hexavalent chromium and was superior to Alamine 336. And the stabilizers like polyhydric alcohols of octanol, decanol and dodecanol showed the similar effect fur prevention of third phase and a little promotion of extraction efficiency in comparison with non-use of polyhydric alcohols. On the other hand, in solvent extraction of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions, the hexavalent chromium was completely extracted at pH range lower than 7 with 1% Aliquat 336 as extractant and 5% decanol as stabilizer and the hexavalent chromium in extractant was completely stripped with 1M sodium hydroxide solution in the stripping step.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2015

The electron donating ability, elastase inhibitory, procollagen synthesis and Matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) activities were measured in order to verify the anti-wrinkle properties of extracts from Buplerum falcatum as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. Electron donating ability and elastase inhibition activities were 80 and 52% at a dose of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of B. falcatum 70% ethanol extract. Pro-collagen synthesis was increased with the increase concentration of B. falcatum extract on CCD-986sk in addition to decrease the amount of protein of MMP-1. The results suggested that B. falcatum extract can be used to reduced electron donating ability, elastase, pro-collagen synthesis and MMP-1 activity and is a potential candidate for cosmedical materials.