• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.629-640
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• 2023

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver which is not a result of excessive alcohol consumption. Its global prevalence was estimated to be approximately 32% in the years 1994-2019. More than half of obese individuals and patients with diabetes are reported to have NAFLD as a comorbidity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) berry on insulin resistance and steatosis in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Methods: Six-week-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The control group received a diet consisting of 65% corn starch, while the fructose and experimental groups were fed a diet comprising 65% fructose (FRU) and an FRU diet containing 0.5% (low-dose autumn olive berry group; LAO) or 1.0% (high-dose autumn olive berry group; HAO) ethanol extract of autumn olive berry, respectively, for 10 weeks. Results: The HAO group exhibited significantly lower blood glucose levels compared to the fructose-fed group. Both the LAO and HAO groups showed a substantial reduction in serum insulin levels and insulin resistance when compared to the fructose-fed group. The consumption of LAO and HAO significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia and reduced the levels of triglycerides in the liver compared to the fructose-fed group. Additionally, the consumption of HAO resulted in lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities compared to the fructose group. The hepatic expression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) was significantly reduced in the LAO and HAO groups compared to the fructose group. Conclusion: Autumn olive berries improved steatosis by ameliorating insulin resistance and down-regulating the lipogenesis proteins in rats fed on high fructose diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.550-556
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• 2013

Reflux extraction properties of Schisandra chinensis were investigated with different extraction conditions of ethanol concentration (0-99%), extraction time (2-8 h), and extraction temperature ($40-100^{\circ}C$). Different chemical properties, such as reducing sugars (RS), titratable acidity (TA), Hunter's color values, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) were analyzed for the corresponding extracts. The results showed that RS and TA increased as the extraction temperature increased. For each parameter, the maximum value was achieved, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol for 8 h at $100^{\circ}C$. Redness ($a^*$) of the extract decreased as all 3 extraction parameters were increased. TPC increased significantly as the extraction time and temperature increased; further, the highest TPC was achieved, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol. The same tendency was observed for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were obtained, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol for 4-6 h at $60-80^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2009

This study was investigated on optimal conditions of the functional activities of ${\beta}$-glucan which was extracted from rice bran (RB) and rice germ (RG) using response surface methodology. The extraction temperature was varied in the $80-100^{\circ}C$, the extraction time between 2-10 min, and the ethanol concentration was in the interval of 30-70%. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables of extraction temperature ($X_1$), extraction time ($X_2$) and ethanol concentration ($X_3$) on dependent variables such as electron donating ability of RB ($Y_1$), electron donating ability of RG ($Y_2$), total phenolics of RB ($Y_3$), total phenolics of RG ($Y_4$), ${\beta}$-glucan contents of RB ($Y_5$) and ${\beta}$-glucan contents of RG ($Y_6$). As a result, the highest $Y_1$ level was 84.02% at $92.60^{\circ}C$, 2.75 min and 60.41% in saddle point. This value was affected by extraction temperature (P<0.05). The value of $Y_2$ was found to be the highest at $87.52^{\circ}C$, 2.23 min and 54.40% in saddle point. The highest $Y_3$ level was $98.56^{\circ}C$, 6.69 min and 40.26% in saddle point, and this extraction was greatly influenced by extraction temperature (P<0.01) and ethanol concentration (P<0.05). The value of $Y_4$ was found to be highest at $95.73^{\circ}C$, 9.19 min and 53.67% in minimum point. The value of $Y_5$ was found to be the highest at $96.23^{\circ}C$, 7.70 min and 63.69% in saddle point. The value of $Y_6$ was found to be highest at $87.82^{\circ}C$, 2.10 min and 50.03% in minimum point, and this extraction was greatly influenced by extraction time (P<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.354-358
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• 1998

The influence of hot water extracts and tannin obtained from persimmon leaves on xanthine oxidase were investigated. Above two samples had higher inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase by hot water extracts and tannin obtained from persimmon leaves was 92.4% and 92.1% by addition of 2.0 mg/$m\ell$ of the hot water extracts and the tannin, respectively. The inhibitions by the hot water extracts and the tannin were of competitive mode with respect to xanthine as a substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.420-426
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• 2004

In this study, among 10 medicinal plants extracted with 50%-ethanol, antimicrobial activities measured by paper disc method were showed in Scutellaria baicalensis (Sb) on Leu mesenteroides and in Phellodendron amurene (Pa) on Lac. plantarum and Leu. mesenteroides. While 0.05∼0.2% of Pa extracts showed also relatively strong growth inhibition of both strains of lactic acid bacteria cultured in MRS broth for 24 hours at 3$0^{\circ}C$, Sb extract at concentration of 0.1% showed similar inhibitory effect on Leu mesenteroides to that of 0.05% of Pa extract. Addition of 0.02∼0.04% of Pa extracts to kimchi lowered effectively extents of pH decrease and acidity increase, and numbers of lactic acid bacteria and total bacteria compared to those of control during fermentation at 4$^{\circ}C$. This extending effect on fermentation period was obtained by adding 0.04% in case of Sb. Mixed extracts of Pa and Sb (Pa-Sb) by ratio 1 : 1 delayed also fermentation of kimchi at 0.03∼0.04%. In sensory evaluation kimchi containing 0.04% of Pa extract were less sour than kimchi containing 0.02% of Sb extract and/or control at late stage of fermentation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2007

This study prepared extracts of Angelica dahurica leaves using reflux water extraction (RW), reflux ethanol extraction (RE) and pressure heating water extraction (PW). The extracts were extraction for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase. The PW extraction method yielded the highest content of polyphenol compounds (95.23 mg/g). The electron donating abilities (EDAs) of RE and PW extracts were 76.02% and 70.08% respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were 13.45 19.00%, when extracts were assayed at 1 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability (pH 1.2) of the PW extract was 54.33% higher than levels shown (44.24%) by the RE and RW extracts. The inhibition of xanthine oxidase by the RW extract was highest (99.71% at 5 mg/mL) while that of the PW extract was over 97% at 500 g/mL. Tyrosinase inhibition was highest in the RE extract (46.25% at 5 mg/mL). All extracts showed dose-dependent inhibitory activities. The results indicated that the PW extract had the highest polyphenol content, the RW and RE extracts had the best nitrite scavenging ability, and the RE extract showed the most pronounced effect on EDA, SOD-like activity and tyrosinase inhibition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.160-163
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• 2001

유류 오염 토양에 pilot scale 규모의 토앙세척법(soil flushing)과 토양증기추출법(SVE)을 설치하여 운전하였다. 토양세척법의 경우 용매인 알콜류를 주입하고 2일 이후부터 계면활성 재인 Tween 80 용액을 주입 한 후 하부에서 추출된 유출수내의 오염물질의 농도를 측정한 결과 BTEX, Diesel 및 n-Alkane의 농도는 계면활성제 수입 전파 후의 비율이 최대 각각 15배 7.8배 및 47배의 농도 증가를 보였으며 TPH 농도의 증가는 약 10배에 이르는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 토양증기추출법의 경우 가스 추출로 제거된 가스성분의 누적량을 보면 약 19일의 운전기간동안 BTEX와 TPH 총량 기준으로 약 30 kg 및 708 kg이 제거되었으며 BTEX와 TPH에 대한 최대 제거효율은 각각 4 kg/day 및 90 kg/day 였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.443-449
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• 1994

Fermentation characteristics of Kluyveromyces fragilis CBS 1555 with Jerusalem artichoke juice, in extractive ethanol fermentation in aqueous two phase systems composed of polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG) and crude dextran(Dx), were investigated as a function of initial sugar concentrations, concentrations of ethanol formed, or fermentation time. Both specific ethanol production rate increased with decrease in concentrations of PEG and Dx in two-phase systems. Without being related to the compositions of aqueous two-phase system, maximum specific cell growth rate and maximum specific ethanol production rate were showed in the initial sugar concentration fo $80g/\ell$ and $120g/\ell$, respectively. The inhibition effects of ethanol on specific cell growth rate and specific ethanol production rate decreased with decrease in PEG concentration and in the range of 2.5 to 5% Dx. Specific cell growth rate and specific ethanol production rate was fitted as an exponential function and a hyperbolic function, respectively, of the concentrations of ethanol formed. Overall ethanol productivity increased with increase in initial sugar concentrations, and also the required time for the maximum productivity was so. Ethanol production rate by the elapsed fermentation time showed the maximum value in the initial sugar concentration of $160g/\ell$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.340-347
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• 2022

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the Ulva lactuca Linnaeus extracts were measured. As a result of the MTT assay of the extract, it was found that the cell viabilities were higher than 90% at all concentrations, and the cell promotion rate exceeded 100% at a certain concentration. Therefore, in all subsequent experiments, the highest concentration was set at 500 ㎍/ml. In the nitric oxide (NO) assay, one of the anti-inflammatory experiments, the Ulva lactuca Linnaeus extracts exhibited inhibitory effects of 16%, 19%, and 62% at concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 ㎍/ml, respectively, compared with the LPS-only group. In tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) assay, the extracts showed inhibitory effects of 16%, 17%, and 27% at concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 ㎍/ml, respectively, compared with the LPS-only group. In the interleukin-6 (IL-6) assay, the extracts also showed inhibitory effects of 15% and 28% at concentrations of 50 and 500 ㎍/ml, respectively, compared with the LPS-only group. In the total polyphenol content assay, the extracts exhibited 8.02, 9.90, and 23.8 mg GAE/g at concentrations of 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/ml, respectively. In the ABTS assay, the extracts exhibited scavenging activities of 2.6, 12.6, and 77.3% at concentrations of 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/ml, respectively. Therefore, it is considered that Ulva lactuca Linnaeus extracts can be used as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances for the development of functional foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1241-1250
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• 2019

Artemisia argyi H. has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine and food supplement in Asian countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological activities of Artemisia argyi H. extracts prepared by butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, hexane, and methanol extraction. We evaluated total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and osteoclastogenesis inhibition. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the methanol extract (49.46 mg GAE/g and 24.32 mg QE/g, respectively). The methanol extracts also had the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power), while the hexane extract had the lowest. The release of NO and ROS was dose-dependently decreased by pre-treatment with all solvent extracts. At the same concentrations, the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts showed higher inhibition of NO and ROS production when compared with the other extracts. The butanol extract, at a concentration of $20{\mu}g/ml$, inhibited about 89% of the activity of the osteoclast marker, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). These results suggest that butanol extracts of Artemisia argyi H. may be effective natural medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.