• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

Purpose: In this paper, we have analyzed the problems of the Oh's report which is used to the basic data for supply and demand of medical technicians and studied a proposal for improvement to control system and supply and demand of korean optometrists. Methods: We have analyzed errors of Oh's report including supply and demand for medical technicians and management policy, expecting number for future optician, inaccurate estimation by limited data (employment rate, retirement rate, mortality rate) and an incorrect method of measurement for future supply and demand. Results: Oh's report showed the 18% error for estimation of supply which exclude the irregular entrance students. The estimation of supply was calculated by graduation rate 62.6% (college and University of Technology are 78.9% and 85.98% respectively), employment rate 65.8% (the average employment between 2002 and 2007 is 73.96%) and retirement rate is 2.3% (the retirement of pharmacists is 1.3%) but it showed the significant differences to objective data. For estimate the suitable ratio of optometrists to the population, the ratio use of medical facilities by an age group was used, and suggested spectacle wearers 1,280 persons (populations 2,928 persons) per optometrist but the different from reference of Germany (4,706 persons), America (1,789 persons) and Korea (1,825 persons/an optometrist) are applied to estimation on supply. This report applied the low employment rate and argued that maintain the present situation, but claimed that utilize unemployment persons. The above result has induced double weighting effect on estimation of supply. Conclusions: To solve the related problems of supply and demand, we have to make a search for exact data and optimum application model, have to take an example of nation similar job category as Germany and the research result of the job satisfaction into consideration. After we get the integrated research result, we must carried out the policy with fairness and balance for the estimation of supply and demand. Therefore exact research is required prior to beginning policy establishment, government and related group have to make a clear long-term plan and permanent organization for medical technician to establish supply and demand of medical technician.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2019

In this study, a probabilistic model for the estimation of yearly workable wave condition period for offshore operations is developed. In doing so, we first hindcast the significant wave heights and peak periods off the Ulsan every hour from 2003.1.1 to 2017.12.31 based on the meteorological data by JMA (Japan Meterological Agency) and NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and SWAN. Then, we proceed to derive the long term significant wave height distribution from the simulated time series using a least square method. It was shown that the agreements are more remarkable in the distribution in line with the Modified Glukhovskiy Distribution than in the three parameters Weibull distribution which has been preferred in the literature. In an effort to develop a more comprehensive probabilistic model for the estimation of yearly workable wave condition period for offshore operations, wave height distribution over the 15 years with individual waves occurring within the unit simulation period (1 hour) being fully taken into account is also derived based on the Borgman Convolution Integral. It is shown that the coefficients of the Modified Glukhovskiy distribution are $A_p=15.92$, $H_p=4.374m$, ${\kappa}_p=1.824$, and the yearly workable wave condition period for offshore work is estimated to be 319 days when a threshold wave height for offshore work is $H_S=1.5m$. In search of a way to validate the probabilistic model derived in this study, we also carry out the wave by wave analysis of the entire time series of numerically simulated significant wave heights over the 15 years to collect every duration periods of waves the height of which are surpassing the threshold height which has been reported to be $H_S=1.5m$ in the field practice in South Korea. It turns out that the average duration period is 45.5 days from 2003 to 2017, which is very close to 46 days from the probabilistic model derived in this study.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2020

In Korea, punitive damages were introduced in the 2011 Fair Transactions in Subcontracting Act(FTSA), and in 2019 the Patent Act, Trade Secret Protection Act(TSPA), Industrial Technology Protection Act(ITPA), and Mutually Beneficial Cooperation Act(MBCA). In punitive damages, the judgment of 'intentional' is especially important, and it is necessary to refer to US precedents since there is no accumulated case. Major Company can avoid intentional counseling through the advice of lawyers, but SMEs may have to punish punitive damages due to a lack of awareness of the system. In the case of TSPA, ITPA, FTSA, and MBCA, except for Patent Act, the provisions related to proof of damage have not been well maintained yet. Therefore, the data submission order system of these laws needs to be revised to the level of patent Act need to be. TSPA needs to be amended in the future to estimate the amount of the royalties in estimating the amount of damages so that it can receive the 'reasonably' estimated amount rather than the usual amount. On the other hand, ITPA, FTSA, and MBCA do not have any provisions for the estimation of damages. Besides, it is difficult to evaluate the technology value in the case of leakage or deodorization of new technologies. Therefore, valuation needs to be carried out by a credible institution along with the development of a model for calculating damages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2007

Long term wave climate of both extreme and operational wave height is essential for planning and designing coastal structures. Since the availability of the field wave data for the waters around Korean peninsula is limited to provide a reliable wave statistics, the wave climate information has been generated by means of long-term wave hindcasting using available meteorological data. In this paper, a set of deep water wave data obtained from KORDI(2003) were analyzed for extreme wave heights. These wave data at 67 stations off the Korean coast from 1979 to 1998 were arranged in the 16 directions. The probability distributions considered in this research were the FT-I and Weibull distribution. For each of these distributions, the method proposed by Goda(2004) was applied to estimate the parameters. For judgment of best fitting, MIR criterion proposed by Goda and Gobune(1990) was used. FT-I distribution which best fits to the 886 data, while Weibull(k=0.75) 81 data, Weibull(k=1.00) 105 data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.273-283
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• 2020

Numerical simulations of the storm surge and waves induced by the Typhoon Bolaven incident on the west sea of Korea in 2012 are performed using the JMA-MSM weather field provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency, and the calculated surge heights are compared with the time history observed at harbours along the various coasts of Korea. For the waves occurring coincidentally with the storm surges the calculated significant wave heights are compared with the data measured using the wave buoys operated by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency and the Korea Meteorological Administration. Additional simulations are also performed based on the pressure and wind fields obtained using the best track information provided by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, and the calculated results are compared and analyzed. The waves and storm surges calculated using JMA-MSM wether field agree well with the observations because of the better reflection of the topography and the pre-background weather field. On the other hand, the calculated results based on the weather fields produced using the JTWC best track information show some limitations of the general trend of the variations of wave and surge heights. Based on the results of this study it is found that the reliable weather fields are essential for the accurate simulation of storm surges and waves.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.50-51
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• 2001

많은 소비자들이 가치지향적인 의사결정을 할 때 제품의 품질을 매우 중요한 요소로 생각하며, 제품구매시 불완전한 정보 상황에서 빈번히 제품품질의 지표로서 가격을 이용한다고 한다(Peterson & Wilson. 1985). 이와 관련하여 시장에서의 실제 가격과 객관적 품질과의 관계를 분석하여 소비자의 효율성을 파악한 연구가 각국에서 이루어져 왔으나, 패션제품에 관한 가격과 객관적 품질과의 관계에 관한 연구는 국내 외적으로 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 1990년대 한국과 미국 패션시장의 가격과 객관적 품질간의 상관관계를 비교 분석함으로써 양국 패션제품의 품질수준을 비교해 보 는데 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 가격이 제품품질의 지표가 될 수 있는가를 파악할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 한국과 미국 패션제품 시장의 가격과 품질의 상관관계는 전체적으로 어떠한 차이가 있는가\ulcorner 둘째, 한국과 미국 패션제품의 가격과 객관 적 품질의 상관관계가 패션산업범주에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는가\ulcorner 마지막으로, 본 연구의 결과와 같은 제품의 품질에 대한 정보탐색으로부터 얻을 수 있는 한국과 미국 소비자의 구매이득은 어느 정도인가\ulcorner 본 연구를 위한 내용분석에 이용된 자료는 양국의 소비자의 권익보호를 위한 중립적 정보원에서 발간하고 있는, 한국의 <소비자 시대>와 미국의 에 개 재 된 1990년부터 1999년까지 의 상품비교테스트 정보중에서 패션제품군에 관련된 자료를 토대로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 한국의 36개 패션제품군, 470개 제품과, 미국의 40개 패션제품군. 692개의 패션 제품이었으며, 패션산업범주는 여성복, 남성복, 유니 섹스 의류, 스포츠 의류, 유.아동복, 언더웨어. 잡화. 제화류, 침장류, 섬유직물, 화장품. 학생복 등 11 가지 산업범주로 분류하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국과 미국 패션제품의 지난 십년간의 가격 과 품질의 상관관계는 매우 약한 정(+)의 상관을 가지고 있었다. 한국패션제품의 전체 서열상관계수의 평균은 0.091이었고, 미국의 상관계수 평균은 0.192였 다. 상관계수의 수치만으로 볼 때 한국보다는 미국 패션제품의 가격과 품질간의 상관관계가 조금 높게 나타났으나, 양국간 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 또한, 한국 패션제품의 경우에는 제품군의 가격대별 상관관계를 살펴보았는데, 그 결과 1만원 미만의 저가 제품군과 330만원이상의 고가의 제품군의 경우 부(-)의 상관계수를 나타냈다. 둘째. 1990년대 한국과 미국 패션시장의 가격과 품질간의 상관계수의 범위는 제품군별. 산업범주별 로 상이한 분포를 보이고 있었다. 패션제품군별로 보 면, 한국의 경우는 가장 높은 '여행용가방(r = 0.707)' 에서 가장 낮은 '자외선 차단화장품(r = -0.58)'까지, 그리고 미국 패션제품군의 상관계수의 범위는 '팬티 스타킹'의 0.820에서 '남성용 런닝슈즈'의 -0.472까지의 분포를 나타냈다. 마지막으로, 제품의 가격과 품질에 대한 정보를 소비자가 알 경우 얻을 수 있는 소비자의 구매이득 을 추산한 결과 패션제품시장에서 완전한 품질정보를 가지고 있다고 가정한 '현명한 사람'은, 최고가격의 제품만을 구입한다고 가정한 '부유한 사람들'의 구입방식에 비해 최고 좋은 품질의 상품을 총 지불액의 비율로 보아, 한국의 소비자는 약 50% 정도를, 미국의 소비자는 약 91%나 되는 액수를 절약하여 구매할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 한국과 미국 모두 제품군별, 그리고 산업범주별로 상관관계가 차이를 보이고 있어, 양국의 소비자들이 패션제품 의 품질을 평가함에 있어 오로지 가격에 대한 정보만을 이용하는 것은 위험하고 비합리적인 구매의사 결정이라고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 소비자가 좀 더 합리적인 구매의사결정을 하여 재정적 손실을 막기 위해서는 가격과 품질에 관한 신뢰있는 정보의 탐색이 반드시 필요하다고 본다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.230-240
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to observe the exclusive breastfeeding(EBF) rate and to identify factors which influence EBF by postpartum period. The data were obtained from the 2015 National Fertility Survey, Family Health and Welfare in Korea, and secondary data analysis were employed for 1,839 mothers who gave birth to baby between January 2013 and February 2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The EBF rate at the 1st and 6th month of postpartum were 54.0%, 9.4% respectively. The significant influencing factors on the EBF at the 1st month of postpartum were age of mother, baby's birth rank, type of delivery, breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. The significant influencing factors on the EBF at the 6th month of postpartum were age of mother, living area, EBF in the first month. We found that the influencing factors on EBF differed by postpartum period. In order to improving the rate of EBF, it is recommended that taioed interventions is needed considering the factors affecting the EBF by postpartum period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2010

To obtain more accurate meteorological data for analyzing the river discharge characteristics at the Nakdong River Estuary, we investigated the characteristics of the release barrage discharge observed during the 13-year period from 1996 to 2008 and calculated the differences using meteorological data for the Busan and Gimhae weather stations. The river discharge estimated using a tank model was compared to the real river barrage discharge. We discussed the correlation between the discharge and the meteorological factors that affected the estuary water environment. This study found that total annual discharge from the Nakdong river basin for the 13 years was $272,653.3{\times}10^6\;m^3$/month. The largest monthly mean release discharge occurred in July at $73,212.9{\times}10^6\;m^3$/month (26.9% for the year), followed by August and September in that order with 22.0% and 18.9%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop the Rainfall-Runoff Model for a long and short term runoff analysis in small forested mountain watersheds. This model was derived from tank model. This model is composed of four tank. Tank I, Tank II, TankIII, and TankIV represent interception loss in forest canopy, direct runoff, base flow, and surface flow component, respectively. This model was tested with two experimental watersheds, located in southern part of Korea. As the result, this model had potentials for simulating and analyzing the long and short term runoff in small forested watersheds.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1979

Neutron inelastic scattering studies on polycrystalline hydrates, NaBr-2$H_2O$ and BaCl$_2$-2$H_2O$ have been performed to observe librational modes. Assuming all observed peaks are from the $H_2O$ librational origin, the weighted frequency distribution functions are obtained by eliminating the contributions from the higher order processes. All of theoretical frequencies obtained using FG matrix method are dus to highly mixed modes, and therefore the modes identified as significant $H_2O$ librationat modes from their large potential energy distributions are assigned to the observed peaks. The H-bond interactions are estimated using a modified Lippincott Schroeder potential function, and the applicability of the potential function to the H-bond with highly bent or bifurcated configuration is examined on the basis of the shape of $H_2O$ librational potential energies. Some discussions are given on the usefulness of introducing O-H…Y bending terms in addition to the H…Y stretching in similar frequency calculation in order to obtain more information on the nature of H-bond. Also the purity and symmetry properties of the $H_2O$ librational modes are discussed using group theoretical analyses.