• Title/Summary/Keyword: 추론통제

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Towards Real Time Detection of Rice Weed in Uncontrolled Crop Conditions (통제되지 않는 농작물 조건에서 쌀 잡초의 실시간 검출에 관한 연구)

  • Umraiz, Muhammad;Kim, Sang-cheol
    • Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.83-95
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    • 2020
  • Being a dense and complex task of precisely detecting the weeds in practical crop field environment, previous approaches lack in terms of speed of processing image frames with accuracy. Although much of the attention has been given to classify the plants diseases but detecting crop weed issue remained in limelight. Previous approaches report to use fast algorithms but inference time is not even closer to real time, making them impractical solutions to be used in uncontrolled conditions. Therefore, we propose a detection model for the complex rice weed detection task. Experimental results show that inference time in our approach is reduced with a significant margin in weed detection task, making it practically deployable application in real conditions. The samples are collected at two different growth stages of rice and annotated manually

Palzha (八字) as Lay People's Mode of Self-View on Negative Life Events and History in Korean Culture (한국인의 자기신세 조망양식으로서 팔자(八字)의 이야기 분석과 통제신념과의 관계 분석)

  • Ji-Young Kim;Kibum Kim
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.85-108
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    • 2005
  • This study was to conceptualize Palzha and investigate Palzha inference as mode of self-view. In general, people would like to attribute their unhappy and unfortunate life events or histories to Palzha which is given by the supernatural being. According to analysis of interviews and open-ended responses concerning on Plazha, Palzha indicated 'luck', 'uncontrollable situation', or 'fate' given by the supernatural being. In study 2, we conducted an analysis of the relationship between locus of control belief and Palzha attribution. More having external control belief, more tending to attributing the rugged life events or histories, and unexpected fortunate events to Palzha. Consequently, Palzha as mode of self-view on everyday events or life-events indicated it is likely to be another dimension of attribution on negative as well as positive life events in Korean culture.

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Change of Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Professional Visions through Video-Based Reflection on Science Classroom (과학 수업 비디오에 기초한 반성 활동을 통한 초등 예비교사의 전문적 시각의 변화)

  • Yoon, Hye-Gyoung;Song, Youngjin
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.553-564
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the change of pre-service elementary teachers' professional visions through video-based reflection on science teaching with focus on their attention and pedagogical reasoning about student learning. Specifically, we compared two reflection cycles before and after pre-service elementary teachers went through the collaborative video-based reflection process in a professional learning community. The primary data were collected from eight pre-service elementary teachers and included their science lesson plans, videotaped lessons, video-reflection papers, and transcripts from the interviews. Pre-service elementary teachers' attention was categorized in five aspects: classroom management & control, teacher's instruction, students' thinking & learning, subject knowledge, and assessment. The level of their pedagogical reasoning about student thinking and learning was determined with six levels based on the number of evidence, evidence area, and evidence type. The findings revealed that 1) individual reflection is not enough - collaborative reflection is essential to change their attention toward students learning and thinking 2) pedagogical reasoning levels increase gradually throughout the individual and collaborative video-based reflection processes. The participants not only attributed student learning solely to the characteristics of students but also connected it with their own instruction or science content knowledge and used different types of evidences as they went through two reflection cycles. Implications for using video in the teacher education program were discussed.

Assessing Average Bioequivalence for 2×2 Crossover Design with Covariates (공변량을 고려한 2×2 교차설계법에 평균 생물학적 동등성 평가)

  • Jeong, Gyu-Jin;Park, Sang-Gue;Kim, Kwan-Yup
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.161-167
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    • 2011
  • The primary variables are often systematically related to other influences apart from drug effect. For instance, there may be relationships to covariates such as health conditions or prognostic factors. When a $2{\times}2$ crossover experiment for bioequivalence is designed, the statistical adjustment for the influence of covariates should be considered if some covariates influence the drug effect. Statistical inference for assessing average bioequivalence for a $2{\times}2$ crossover design with covariates is given and an illustrated example is presented with discussion.

Latent causal inference using the propensity score from latent class regression model (잠재범주회귀모형의 성향점수를 이용한 잠재변수의 원인적 영향력 추론 연구)

  • Lee, Misol;Chung, Hwan
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.615-632
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    • 2017
  • Unlike randomized trial, statistical strategies for inferring the unbiased causal relationship are required in the observational studies. The matching with the propensity score is one of the most popular methods to control the confounders in order to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the outcome variable. Recently, new methods for the causal inference in latent class analysis (LCA) have been proposed to estimate the average causal effect (ACE) of the treatment on the latent discrete variable. They have focused on the application study for the real dataset to estimate the ACE in LCA. In practice, however, the true values of the ACE are not known, and it is difficult to evaluate the performance of the estimated the ACE. In this study, we propose a method to generate a synthetic data using the propensity score in the framework of LCA, where treatment and outcome variables are latent. We then propose a new method for estimating the ACE in LCA and evaluate its performance via simulation studies. Furthermore we present an empirical analysis based on data form the 'National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents Health,' where puberty as a latent treatment and substance use as a latent outcome variable.

Emotion depending on the critical period (초기 특정기간의 경험에 의존하는 감성)

  • Kim, Won-Sik;Jang, Seung-Jin;Jang, Hak-Yeong;Im, Hyeon-Gyun;Lee, Yong-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.211-212
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    • 2009
  • 생애 초기 특정기간(critical period) 동안의 경험이 나중에 경험하여 인지하는 과정에 영향을 미치는 이론에 근거하여 지구환경의 영향에 의존하여 특징 되어 가는 풍토색 기반 인간의 기질을 고찰하였고, 이러한 기질의 차이에 따라 동일한 제품환경에 대하여도 서로 다른 감성이 유발될 수 있음을 추론하였다. 인간은 생존하기 위하여 자신이 속한 지역의 자연환경에 알맞게 자신의 생체시스템을 적응시켜간다. 동일한 환경자극을 제시하고 피험자의 생리적 입력조건을 같도록 통제하더라도 피험자들간의 체질, 즉, 생체시스템이 다르면 서로 다른 감성을 느끼게 되고 그 결과 심리적/생리적 감성평가 결과는 피험자에 의존하여 서로 다르게 나타난다. 그러므로 감성평가를 하기에 앞서 우선적으로 체질분류를 하여 피험자들간의 생체시스템에 대한 균질성을 높이면 동류의 체질에 대하여는 감성편차가 감소될 것이며 체질에 따른 감성평가 결과는 실용성이 높아질 것이다.

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Realtime Strategy Generation System using Case-based Reasoning (사례기반 추론을 이용한 실시간 전술 생성 시스템 설계)

  • Park, Jong-An;Hong, Chul-Eui;Kim, Won-Il
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2011
  • Case-based reasoning is an efficient method to find solutions for new problems by using past cases after appropriate changes. It is widely used in everyday life because it resembles the way human acts. In this paper, we propose a military system that generates the most appropriate tactics for CGF (Computer Generated Forces) by utilizing past practices. It indeed applies case-based reasoning at the process of armed conflict. When the CGF squad on a mission, they will be given an action plan to reach the final goal. In the process of executing, tactics for specific action should be organized such as attacks, ambushes, and tactical moves. By using the proposed method, tactics were generated by case-based reasoning. The proposed system successfully receives input through each command and control agent, measures the degree of similarity with the case in case DB, selects the most similar case, modifies, uses, and then stores it for next time.

Export Control System based on Case Based Reasoning: Design and Evaluation (사례 기반 지능형 수출통제 시스템 : 설계와 평가)

  • Hong, Woneui;Kim, Uihyun;Cho, Sinhee;Kim, Sansung;Yi, Mun Yong;Shin, Donghoon
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.109-131
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    • 2014
  • As the demand of nuclear power plant equipment is continuously growing worldwide, the importance of handling nuclear strategic materials is also increasing. While the number of cases submitted for the exports of nuclear-power commodity and technology is dramatically increasing, preadjudication (or prescreening to be simple) of strategic materials has been done so far by experts of a long-time experience and extensive field knowledge. However, there is severe shortage of experts in this domain, not to mention that it takes a long time to develop an expert. Because human experts must manually evaluate all the documents submitted for export permission, the current practice of nuclear material export is neither time-efficient nor cost-effective. Toward alleviating the problem of relying on costly human experts only, our research proposes a new system designed to help field experts make their decisions more effectively and efficiently. The proposed system is built upon case-based reasoning, which in essence extracts key features from the existing cases, compares the features with the features of a new case, and derives a solution for the new case by referencing similar cases and their solutions. Our research proposes a framework of case-based reasoning system, designs a case-based reasoning system for the control of nuclear material exports, and evaluates the performance of alternative keyword extraction methods (full automatic, full manual, and semi-automatic). A keyword extraction method is an essential component of the case-based reasoning system as it is used to extract key features of the cases. The full automatic method was conducted using TF-IDF, which is a widely used de facto standard method for representative keyword extraction in text mining. TF (Term Frequency) is based on the frequency count of the term within a document, showing how important the term is within a document while IDF (Inverted Document Frequency) is based on the infrequency of the term within a document set, showing how uniquely the term represents the document. The results show that the semi-automatic approach, which is based on the collaboration of machine and human, is the most effective solution regardless of whether the human is a field expert or a student who majors in nuclear engineering. Moreover, we propose a new approach of computing nuclear document similarity along with a new framework of document analysis. The proposed algorithm of nuclear document similarity considers both document-to-document similarity (${\alpha}$) and document-to-nuclear system similarity (${\beta}$), in order to derive the final score (${\gamma}$) for the decision of whether the presented case is of strategic material or not. The final score (${\gamma}$) represents a document similarity between the past cases and the new case. The score is induced by not only exploiting conventional TF-IDF, but utilizing a nuclear system similarity score, which takes the context of nuclear system domain into account. Finally, the system retrieves top-3 documents stored in the case base that are considered as the most similar cases with regard to the new case, and provides them with the degree of credibility. With this final score and the credibility score, it becomes easier for a user to see which documents in the case base are more worthy of looking up so that the user can make a proper decision with relatively lower cost. The evaluation of the system has been conducted by developing a prototype and testing with field data. The system workflows and outcomes have been verified by the field experts. This research is expected to contribute the growth of knowledge service industry by proposing a new system that can effectively reduce the burden of relying on costly human experts for the export control of nuclear materials and that can be considered as a meaningful example of knowledge service application.

Comparison of the Explanation on Visual Texture of Cotton Textiles using Regression Analysis and ANFIS - on Warmness (회귀분석과 ANFIS를 활용한 면직물의 시각적 질감에 대한 해석 비교 - 온난감을 중심으로)

  • 주정아;유효선
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.15-25
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    • 2004
  • The regression analysis and Adaptive -Network based Fuzzy-inference system (ANFIS) were applied to the explanation on human's visual texture of cotton fabrics with 7 mechanical properties. The ANFIS uses the structure with fuzzy membership function and neural network. The results obtained by the statistical analysis through the coefficient of correlation and regression analysis showed that subjective texture had a linear relationship with mechanical properties. But It had a relatively low coefficient of determination and was difficult that the statistical analysis explained other relationship with the exception of a lineality and interaction among mechanical properties. Comparing the statistical analysis, the ANFIS was an effective tool to explain human's non-linear perceptions and their interactions. But to apply ANFIS to human's perceptions more effectively, it is necessary to discriminate effective input variables through controlling the properties of samples.

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A Study on the Implementation of the Integrated Information System for Emergency Handling in Multi-modal Transfer Stations (복합형 환승센터에서의 상황대응을 위한 통합정보시스템 구축에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-Tae;Han, Jeong-Hun;Jang, Bong-Seob;Kim, Hwang-Bae
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2008
  • In this study, deals with selection of monitoring objects to handle emergency cases of multi-modal transfer stations and information required for emergency surveillance, recognition, verification, propagation, processing and situation closing. Furthermore, this article suggests integrated management scheme for the above information and methods which offer appropriate information required for situation handling decisions at each stage of situation changes. The transfer station which consists of facilities, passengers, and transportations has limitations in required monitoring information. So, for the situation recognition and handling strategy, case-based reasoning of the expert system was used to apply experience, knowledge, and past cases of situation handling experts. The article also suggests methods to control facilities which are operated at transfer stations and these methods can minimize spatial confusions and damages at the emergency situation. The real time situation information will be shared by proper facility controls to support services from external institutions.

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