• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.975-980
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• 2020

Cervical neural foraminal stenosis is a very common spinal disease that affects a relatively large number of people of all ages. However, since imaging methods that quantitatively provide neural foraminal stenosis are lacking, this study attempts to present quantitative measurement results by reconstructing 3D computed tomography images. Using a 3D reconstruction software, the surrounding bones were removed, including the spinous process, transverse process, and lamina of the cervical spine so that the neural foramen were well observed. Using Image J, a region of interest including the neural foramen area of the 3D image was set, and the number of pixels of the neural foramen area was measured. The neural foramen area was calculated by multiplying the number of measured pixels by the pixel size. In order to measure the widest area of the neural foramen, it was measured between 40-50 degrees in the opposite direction and 15-20 degrees toward the head. The measured cervical neural foramen area showed consistent measurement values. The largest measured area of the right neural foramen C5-6 was 12.21 ㎟, and after 2 years, the area was measured to be 9.95 ㎟, indicating that 18% stenosis had progressed. Since 3D reconstruction using axial CT scan images, no additional radiation exposure is required, and the area of stenosis can be objectively presented. In addition, it is good to explain to patients with neural stenosis while viewing 3D images, and it is considered a good method to be used in the evaluation of the progression of stenosis and post-operative evaluation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.617-622
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• 2011

Ozone-based advanced oxidation was applied for the treatment of anaerobic digestion effluent of livestock wastewater. Initial COD and color value were 930 mg/L and 0.04, respectively, and the 1/10-diluted wastewater was used for the study. The treatment characteristics were compared between the conventionally generated ozone ($105{\mu}m$) and microbubbled ozone ($13{\mu}m$). The use of microbubbled ozone improved the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color by 85% and 26%, respectively, compared with the conventionally bubbled ozone. The application of microbubbled $O_3/UV$, $O_3/H_2O_2$, $O_3/UV/H_2O_2$ combinations resulted in 5~10% higher color removal than ozone alone, which implies that the contribution of UV or $H_2O_2$ is not significant in color removal. On the other hand, COD removal could be increased two folds compared with ozone alone through $O_3/UV/H_2O_2$ combination. The contribution of $H_2O_2$ was bigger than UV for COD removal with microbubbled ozone. Due to the enhancement of dissolved ozone and radical activity, the microbubbling enabled us to additional COD removal even after stopping ozone supply in the presence of UV or $H_2O_2$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.17-30
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• 2001

In this paper, we implemented a scalar multiplier needed at an elliptic curve cryptosystem over standard basis in $GF(2^{163})$. The scalar multiplier consists of a radix-16 finite field serial multiplier and a finite field inverter with some control logics. The main contribution is to develop a new fast finite field inverter, which made it possible to avoid time consuming iterations of finite field multiplication. We used an algorithmic transformation technique to obtain a data-independent computational structure of the Extended Euclid GCD algorithm. The finite field multiplier and inverter shown in this paper have regular structure so that they can be easily extended to larger word size. Moreover they can achieve 100% throughput using the pipelining. Our new scalar multiplier is synthesized using Hyundai Electronics 0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS library, and maximum operating frequency is estimated about 140MHz. The resulting data processing performance is 64Kbps, that is it takes 2.53ms to process a 163-bit data frame. We assure that this performance is enough to be used for digital signature, encryption & decryption and key exchange in real time embedded-processor environments.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2012

This paper addresses a Full Disk Encryption hardware processor for SATA HDD in a single FPGA design, and shows its experimental result using an FPGA board. The proposed processor mainly consists of two blocks: the first block processes XTS-AES block cipher which is the IEEE P1619 standard of storage media encryption and the second block executes the interface between SATA Host (PC) and Device (HDD). To minimize the performance degradation, we designed the XTS-AES block with the 4-stage pipelined structure which can process a 128-bit block per 4 clock cycles and has 4.8Gbps (max) performance. Also, we implemented the proposed design with Xilinx ML507 FPGA board and our experiment showed 140MB/sec read/write speed in Windows XP 32-bit and a SATA II HDD. This performance is almost equivalent with the speed of the direct SATA connection without FDE devices, hence our proposed processor is very suitable for SATA HDD Full Disk Encryption environments.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.55-74
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• 2020

The Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok is required digital precision recording of conservation conditions because of corrosion and partial abrasion of its patterns and inscriptions. Therefore, this study performed digital documentation of the bell using four types of scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry technologies, and performed the various shape analyses through image processing. The modeling results of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry were merged and utilized as basic material for monitoring earthquake-induced structural deformation because these techniques can construct mutual spatial relationships between the bell and its tower. Additionally, precision scanning at a resolution four to nine times higher than that of the previous study provided highly valuable information, making it possible to visualize the patterns and inscriptions of the bell. Moreover, they are well-suited as basic data for identifying surface conservation conditions. To actively apply three-dimensional scanning results to the conservation of the original bell, the time and position of any changes in shape need to be established by further scans in the short-term. If no change in shape is detected by short-term monitoring, the monitoring should continue in medium- and long-term intervals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2021

The identification of regional collision risks in water areas is significant for the safety of navigation. This paper introduces a new method of collision risk assessment that incorporates a clustering method based on the distance factor - hierarchical clustering - and uses real-time data in case of several surrounding vessels, group methodology and preliminary assessment to classify vessels and evaluate the basis of collision risk evaluation (called HCAAP processing). The vessels are clustered using the hierarchical program to obtain clusters of encounter vessels and are combined with the preliminary assessment to filter relatively safe vessels. Subsequently, the distance at the closest point of approach (DCPA) and time to the closest point of approach (TCPA) between encounter vessels within each cluster are calculated to obtain the relation and comparison with the collision risk index (CRI). The mathematical relationship of CRI for each cluster of encounter vessels with DCPA and TCPA is constructed using a negative exponential function. Operators can easily evaluate the safety of all vessels navigating in the defined area using the calculated CRI. Therefore, this framework can improve the safety and security of vessel traffic transportation and reduce the loss of life and property. To illustrate the effectiveness of the framework proposed, an experimental case study was conducted within the coastal waters of Mokpo, Korea. The results demonstrated that the framework was effective and efficient in detecting and ranking collision risk indexes between encounter vessels within each cluster, which allowed an automatic risk prioritization of encounter vessels for further investigation by operators.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.363-371
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• 2021

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of exercise training with or without blood flow restriction (BFR) on physical performance and balance in elderly females. Participants (N = 43) were randomly divided into combined exercise with BFR group (n = 14, EX-BFR), only combine exercise group (n =14, EX) or a non-exercise control group (n = 15, CON). Both EX-BFR and EX groups had completed exercise training for 12 weeks. During the training period, the CON group maintained their normal lives. After baseline tests, two-way repeated measures ANOVA with contrast testing was conducted using SPSS 22.0. Study results found that physical performance and balance in both EX-BFR and EX groups were significantly improved, and fall index in both EX-BFR and EX groups were significantly decreased. There were no changes in the CON group. In addition, the % change and effect size of all variables in the EX-BFR group were larger than the EX group. So, the results showed that the EX-BFR group had performed more intense exercise caused by restricted blood flow during the training period compared to the EX group. Thus, exercise with BFR training may additionally influence physical performance and balance in elderly females.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2021

Skin hypopigmentation, which is observed in albinism or vitiligo, occurs when melanin synthesis is decreased by genetic, epigenetic, and other factors. To identify drug candidates that can promote melanin synthesis in cells, we screened an epigenetic modulator library consisting of 141 cell-permeable, small molecule drugs. B16/F10 murine melanoma cells were treated with each drug at 0.1 𝜇M and melanin synthesis and cell viability were subsequently monitored. As a result, (-)-neplanocin A, 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), and DZNep hydrochloride were found to increase cellular melanin synthesis without causing cytotoxicity. Because these three structurally related drugs exhibited similar dose-dependent effects on melanin synthesis and cell viability, DZNep was selected as a representative drug for additional experiments. DZNep increased intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity. DZNep also induced the expression of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) at the mRNA and protein levels. DZNep also induced the mRNA and protein expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanin synthesis. DZNep is a specific inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and it caused the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine that inhibits histone methyltransferases in cells. This study suggests that melanogenesis can be modulated by targeting S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in certain cellular contexts.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2021

Azolla is a genus of small aquatic ferns native to Asia, Africa, and America. Azolla is potentially significant as a nitrogen source in agriculture, particularly in conjunction with rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. In addition, Azolla may either control weeds or act as a weed depending on management; therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of Azolla incorporation on weed (e.g., Monochoria vaginalis, Rotala indica, Aeschynomene indica, and Cyperus amuricus) control and its other benefits during rice cultivation. The effects of Azolla on weed emergence were evaluated based on plot area coverage by the Azolla mat, which appears as a green sheet over water, and the rate of weed emergence in paddy field. Weed occurrence was investigated 40 days after Azolla inoculation. Soil samples from the experimental plots were collected following harvest in 2014-2015, and analyzed. Moreover, rice growth, yield, and grain quality were measured. Azolla suppressed weed growth by 72%. Azolla mat incorporation in rice fields suppressed weed growth by over 60%. In addition, Azolla promoted nitrogen fixation. Compared with nitrogen management using chemical fertilizers, Azolla incorporation showed the potential for various positive effects, including the improvement of soil fertility by increasing total nitrogen, and organic matter content. Rice grown with Azolla maintained its yield without additional herbicide treatment. Moreover, the palatability of cooked rice was better when grown with Azolla.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.45-51
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• 2021

With the development of deep learning, semantic segmentation methods are being studied in various fields. There is a problem that segmenation accuracy drops in fields that require accuracy such as medical image analysis. In this paper, we improved PSPNet, which is a deep learning based segmentation method to minimized the loss of features during semantic segmentation. Conventional deep learning based segmentation methods result in lower resolution and loss of object features during feature extraction and compression. Due to these losses, the edge and the internal information of the object are lost, and there is a problem that the accuracy at the time of object segmentation is lowered. To solve these problems, we improved PSPNet, which is a semantic segmentation model. The multi-scale attention proposed to the conventional PSPNet was added to prevent feature loss of objects. The feature purification process was performed by applying the attention method to the conventional PPM module. By suppressing unnecessary feature information, eadg and texture information was improved. The proposed method trained on the Cityscapes dataset and use the segmentation index MIoU for quantitative evaluation. As a result of the experiment, the segmentation accuracy was improved by about 1.5% compared to the conventional PSPNet.