• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.449-456
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• 2007

Purpose : Antibody persistence after primary series of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and responses to a boosters are little known in Korean children. We performed this study to evaluate the antibody titer in relation with a booster immunization of Hib vaccine in Korean children. Methods : One hundred forty-four children aged 12-23 months old were enrolled in three university hospitals. The immunogenicity of a boosters with Hib vaccine was assessed in children previously primed with Hib vaccine. Antibody persistence was also assessed in children who had received 3 doses of Hib vaccine without a booster. Anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) IgG antibody levels and bactericidal titers were determined by enzyme immunoassay and bactericidal assay at the Center for Vaccine Evaluation and Study, Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University. Results : Prior to a booster in the second year of life, geometric mean antibody concentrations were $2.39{\mu}g/mL$ and the percent of subjects who had a anti-PRP antibody level ${\geq}1{\mu}g/mL$ was 68.6%. After boosting, antibody concentration was $19.09{\mu}g/mL$ and the percent of subjects who had a anti-PRP antibody level ${\geq}1{\mu}g/mL$ was 96.5%, which reflects previous immune priming. In subjects who had finished primary immunization only, the bactericidal titer was 3,946 and in subjects who had a booster, it was 11,205. Anti-PRP antibody level was correlated with serum bactericidal titer. Conclusion : Many children aged 12-23 month old still had protective antibodies after recommended primary immunization only. A booster dose seemed to induce good anamnestic antibody responses in Korean children.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to survey the anti-HBs positivity and titers of antibody in current students who received nationwide vaccination against Hepatitis B virus which targeted infants in 1995. The subjects were 262 students in Gyeongnam province from April 2014 to October 2014. The positive rate of anti-HBs was 55.3% (145 people) and the negative rate of anti-HBs was 44.7% (117 people). Positivity was shown to be higher in women than men. However, there was no statistically significant difference. Of the HBV-vaccinated subjects, 117 (44.7%) had anti-HBs titer <10, which is judged to be negative, 126 (47.8%) had anti-HBs titer 10-499.9 mIU/mL, which is judged to be positive, and 22 (7.3%) had anti-HBs titer more than 500 mIU/mL. The rate of anti-HBs with lower titer (10-99.9 mIU/mL) was 62% in the positive group. Classifying the antibody titer according to age, the rate of anti-HBs positivity in titer with less than 100 mIU/mL was indicated to be 78.3% in cases of 19-20 year old and 46.7% in 21-22 year old, 52.3% in 23-24 year old. A case of the lower titer with 10-99.9 mIU/mL, showed significant difference according to age. As a result of research, the antibody titers is decreased depending on the passage of time. Hence, the checking of anti-HBs titer is needed after Hepatitis B vaccination and many healthy adults will need periodic boosters of hepatitis B vaccine to maintain production of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to survey the seroprevalence of canine coronavirus(CCV) in healthy adult dogs and to determine whether there was any relationship between seroprevalence and the host parameters. Serum samples for determination of serum neutralization antibody titers against CCV were obtained from 812 healthy adult dogs over 1 year old brought to veterinary clinics for routine health care visit in 4 provinces from January 2003 to April 2004. Of the 812 dogs, 714(87.9%) had positive antibody titers(more than 1:4) against CCV. The prevalence of positive CCV antibody titers were not significantly associated with age, sex, rearing province and environment, and vaccination status. However, the positive CCV antibody titers were increasing with the age. These serological findings have shown that prevalence of positive CCV antibody titers in Korean dogs were a relatively high and that CCV infection was widespread in Korean dog population. These suggest that it may be as important to protect dogs against infection with CCV as it is to vaccinate against canine parvovirus.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.647-654
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was done to evaluate the parents' or guardians' compliance of obtaining individual informed consent before vaccination and the possible problems of using informed consent. Methods : One hundred and twelve children were randomly selected among 2,820 children who visited Samsung Cheil Hospital during July 2002. A questionnaire about using informed consent of vaccination was given to all parents or guardians of these children. Results : Most of the responders were mothers(80.4%). As for the places of vaccination, 87(77.7%) persons vaccinated their children at general hospitals. In response to a request for informed consent of vaccination, 73(65.2%) complied well with requests every time. In subscribing to informed consent, 62(55.4%) were pleased, 40(35.7%) stated it was necessary despite in inconveniance. Because of dislike of subscribing to informed consent(55), 33(60%) persons stated that it was difficult to subscribe to informed consent during the inconveniant time of nursing baby. Eighty(71.4%) found it useful to read informed consent for an understanding of potential negative reactions. Being informed of potential negative reactions, 105(93.8%) stated that they would vaccinate their children despite of the potential of a worrisome negative reaction. In dealing with negative reaction, 77(68.8%) said that they would contact a hospital, 32(28.6%) said that they would care for their children at home. Eleven(9.8 %) experienced negative reactions after vaccination. Conclusion : Compliance of parents to informed consent was relatively good. Parents or guardians should receive relevant information and the aim of informed consent also should be adequately understood.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 1992

A Theileria sergenti soluble merozoite preparation containing the 29, 34, 35 and 105 KD as the immunodominant polypeptides, was evaluated for efficacy, safety and protectivity in Holstein calves against virulent field tick challenge. The soluble antigens (100 mg/dose) were fortified with either complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Twenty naive calves, aged one month, were subcutaneously inoculated with the preparation and a booster dose was administered 4 weeks later. Twenty additional calves served as controls. Five weeks after the booster dose, vaccinates and uninoculated controls were moved to a pasture, a heavily tick infested area in Cheju-do, Korea. The vaccinates showed negligible change in hematocrit and total RBC count whereas control animals showed significant (p<0.05) hematological changes and associated anemia. Only 30% of vaccinates required chemotherapy after the experiment was terminated. All control animals required chemotherapy and 25% received blood transfusion. The highest percent parasitized erythrocytes in vaccinated cattle was 0.4% as compared with 3.6% among controls during the month of July. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the rate of body weight increase. Significant difFerences were also noted in serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and bilirubin. Significantly more vaccinated cattle maintained normal ranges of hematological and biochemical values as compared with the control group. It is suggested that soluble merozoite T. sergenti antigens may be potential vaccine candidates for developing a genetic vaccine in Korea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2001

Purpose : We need to reconsider booster vaccination schedule of Japanese encephalitis vaccination. To do that we evaluate the long-term immunogenicity and the incidence of adverse events with inactivated mouse brain derived Nakayama Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Methods : We tested neutalizing antibody for 311 elementary school students by plaque reduction neutralizing test(PRNT) at USAMC-AFRIMS(United States Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science/Department of Virology). We evaluated vaccine related adverse events by spontaneous reporting prospectively among 15,487 vaccinees who were vaccinated at public health center and 2,277 elementary school students who were immunized previously by a questionnaire and school health record. Results : According to the time interval from the last booster injection of 311 children, PRNT antibody titers gradually decreased as the interval increased; 239 mIU/mL, 188 mIU/mL, 134 mIU/mL, 49 mIU/mL each at 6, 18, 30, 42 months after the last booster injection. The seropositivity rates were 98%, 99%, 95.6%, 71.4% each at 6, 18, 30, 42 months after the last booster injection. There were 21(0.13%) cases with systemic reactions among 15,487 vaccinees who had visited the hospital by prospective passive reporting system at public health center. According to the questionnaires and school health records in elementary school students, local induration and pain were 17.4% and 14.8%, respectively. Systemic reactions including fever, vomiting, rash were reported in few cases. Conclusion : Biannual booster vaccination that has been recommended so far should not be necessary. Surveillance for adverse events with inactivated mouse brain derived Nakayama vaccine should be strengthened to better assess the number of cases and reactions associated with immunization.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2020

In order to analyze the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody by age before and after hepatitis B vaccination, 13,855 serum specimens who were referred for the hepatitis B surface antibody test at the General Hospital of Jeju Hospital were examined by CMIA method. The positive rate of HBs Ab was 5,176 (37.36%). The positive rate according to gender was 40.13% for female and 34.77% for male. The age group with the highest HBs Ab average was in their 40's (399.86 mIU/mL), while the lowest age group was in the 90's (211.50 mIU/mL). It is remarkable that the age group with the highest HBs Ab positive rate is in the 30's, and that teenagers (age group of 10-20 years) had the lowest positive rate. Especially 15, 18, 19 years old was statistically significant. Consideration should be given to determining the titer of vaccination and to clarify the timing of vaccination.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.130-133
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• 2009

산란중인 계군이 별다른 원인 없이 한동안 산란저하가 발생하고 있다면 한번쯤은 산란저하증후군(EDS'76)을 의심해봐야한다. 일반적으로 농장에서 산란이 개시되기 전 산란저하증후군(EDS'76)에 대한 백신접종을 실시하면 본 질병을 의심하지 않아도 된다. 몇 년 전 일부지역에서 EDS'76이 발생한 사례가 있어 본소에 보관되어 있는 농장들의 혈청을 꺼내어 혈액응집억제반응(HI) 검사를 실시해 본 결과 다행히 감염역가가 나타나지 않았다. 그래서 국내 일부지역에 발생하고 있는 EDS'76의 발병을 예방하기 위하여 EDS'76 백신을 실시하지 않고 있던 농장들에게 일제히 백신접종을 권하여 대부분의 농장들이 최근까지 추가 피해를 경험하지 않고 있다. 그러나 EDS'76 백신(BNE 혹은 BBNE)을 실시하지 않은 계군은 언제라도 EDS'76에 감염될 수 있으므로 각별히 주의하여야 한다. 한동안 EDS'76은 국내에서 발병이 확인되지 않아 근절된 질병으로 간주되었었다. 그러나 최근 몇 년간 간간히 EDS'76의 발생이 확인되고 있으므로 농장은 결코 EDS'76에 대해 방심해서는 안된다. EDS'76은 산란계에 있어서 매우 치명적인 질병이다. 특히 케이지 사육을 하는 계군은 질병의 경과가 매우 느리고 특징적인 임상증상이 없는 것 때문에 질병피해가 커지기 쉽다. EDS'76의 특징과 발병사례를 간단히 소개하기로 한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2002

Purpose : Despite of the appropriate measles vaccination programs, epidemics occur every 2~3 years and especially occurred in large group in late of 2000 and early of 2001. To evaluate the effect of the vaccination, needs for revaccination and to determine the optimal age for revaccination, we examined measles specific IgG and IgM in mealses patients and investigated different antibody appearance according to vaccination history. Methods : Anti-measles antibodies were checked in sera of 201 patients(male : 117, female : 84) that are responsible for Criteria for Disease Control among 298 patients that are suspicious of measles including inpatients and outpatients in Wonju Christian Hospital from June in 2000 to June in 2001. They were checked by immunofluorescent assay. Then we classified them according to sex, month, distribution of age due to vaccination and appearance of measles antibody. Results : The ratio of male and female was 1.4 : 1. The maximum incidence was 38 cases(18.9%) in May in 2001. Incidence was increased from November in 2000 to January in 2001 and decreased in February and March in 2001. Thereafter it was increased from April in 2001 again and decreased from June. There were 93 cases(46.3%) in vaccinated group and 108 cases(53.7%) in unvaccinated group. In the distribution according to age in vaccinated group, there were 54 cases(58.1%) in more than 10 years old, 15 cases(16.0%) between 7 and 10 years old, 12 cases(12.9%) between 15 months and 3 years old, 6 cases (6.5%) between 4 and 6 years old and 6 cases(6.5%) between 6 months and 14 months old. In the distribution according to age in unvaccinated group, there were 88 cases(81.5%) between 6 months and 14 months old, 9 cases(8.3%) between 15 months and 3 years old, 7 cases(6.5%) less than 6 months old, 3 cases(2.8%) more than 10 years old and 1 case(0.9%) between 7 and 10 years old. In the distribution of measles specific IgG and IgM, 78 cas (87.6%) were IgG(+), IgM(+) and 11 cases(12.4%) are IgG(+), IgM(-) in vaccinated group. In unvaccinated group, there were 69 cases(63.9%) of IgG(+), IgM(+) and 39 cases (36.1%) of IgG(-), IgM(+). Con c lu s i on s : We thought that measles incidence was peaked between 6 months and 14 months old in unvaccinated group because of maximum decrement of transplacental matenal antibody and was peaked in more than 10 years old in vaccinated group because of maximum decrement of measles specific IgG. We think that measles revaccination as well as vaccination and especially optimal age for revaccination is very important to prevent measles successfully.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2011

Purpose : This post-marketing surveillance study (NCT00750360) assessed the safety and reactogenicity of an inactivated, trivalent split-virion influenza vaccine licensed for use in the Korea since 2002. Methods : Eight hundred and eighty three subjects aged 6 months received a single dose of the ${\geq}$ vaccine; an additional dose was administered to those aged <9 years and unprimed with an influenza vaccine. Four hundred and eleven subjects used diary cards to record safety information; this report presents data from these subjects. Incidence of solicited local, general and unsolicited adverse events (4-days and 21-days post-vaccination follow-up periods, respectively) were recorded. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study period. Results : Injection site pain (subjects aged <6 years: 12.6% of subjects, ${\geq}$6 years: 34.7%), fever (<6 years: 1.3%) and myalgia (${\geq}$6 years: 13.9%) were the most frequently recorded solicited local and general adverse events. Grade 3 solicited adverse events were reported by ${\leq}$4.0% subjects. No vaccine-related SAEs were recorded (KFDA criteria). Conclusion : Considering the vaccine's well-established immunogenicity and its favourable safety and reactogenicity profile across all age groups and its high coverage rate in Korea, it may be recommended as a candidate to facilitate annual seasonal influenza vaccination for all ages as part of the Korean National Immunization Program.