• Title/Summary/Keyword: 최적 응집 pH

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Processing Optimization and Antioxidant Activity of Chocolate Added with Mulberry (오디 초콜릿의 제조 최적화 및 항산화 활성)

  • Park, So-Yeon;Joo, Na-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.303-314
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions for two different amounts of added mulberry powder and fresh cream to prepare functional chocolate with added mulberry powder. The experiment was designed according to the central composite response surface design, which showed 10 experimental points, and included two replicates for mulberry powder and fresh cream. The physiochemical, mechanical, and sensory properties of the test were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. The results of the physiochemical and mechanical analyses of each sample, including pH, moisture content, total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, color L, color b, hardness, gumminess, and cohesiveness showed significant differences. The sensory characteristics of the samples tested were significantly different in flavor, texture, sourness, bitterness, and overall acceptability. The optimum formulation calculated by numerical and graphical methods was 25.76 g mulberry powder and 72.21 g fresh cream.

Flotation for Recycling of a Waste Water Filtered from Molybdenite Tailings (몰리브덴 선광광미 응집여과액 재활용을 위한 부유선별 특성)

  • Park, Chul-Hyun;Jeon, Ho-Seok;Han, Oh-Hyung;Kim, Byoung-Gon;Baek, Sang-Ho;Kim, Hak-Sun
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.235-242
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    • 2010
  • Froth flotation using the residual water in the end of flotation process has been performed through controlling of pH. IEP (isoelectric point) of molybdenite and quartz in distilled water was below pH 3 and pH 2.7, respectively and the stabilized range was pH 5~10. In case of a suspension in reusing water, zeta potential of molybdenite decreased to below -10 mV or less at over pH 4 due to residual flocculants. As result of pH control, flotation efficiency in the alkaline conditions was deteriorated by flocculation, resulting from expanded polymer chain, ion bridge of the divalent metal cations ($Ca^{2+}$), and hydrophobic interactions between the nonpolar site of polymer/the hydrophobic areas of the particle surfaces. However, the weak acid conditions (pH 5.5~6) improved the efficiency of flotation as hydrogen ions neutralize polymer chains and then weakened its function. In cleans after rougher flotation, the Mo grade of 52.7% and recovery of 90.1% could be successfully obtained under the conditions of 20 g/t kerosene, 50 g/t AF65, 300 g/t $Na_2SiO_3$, pH 5.5 and 2 cleaning times. Hence, we developed a technique which can continuously supply waste water filtered from tailings into the grinding-rougher-cleaning processes.

A Study on the Improvement of Water Environment in Retention Pond by Seawater Flocculation and Fenton Oxidation (해수 응집과 펜턴 산화에 의한 유수지 수환경 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jin-Han;Jun, Se-Jin;Lim, Ji-Young;Song, Yun-Min;Yoo, Kun-Woo;Jung, Jong-Tai;Park, Jung-Hwan
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2010
  • This study was performed to figure out what would be effective to improve water environment in a retention pond which was located in Incheon. Chemical coagulation, seawater flocculation and Fenton treatment were carried out to improve water and sediment quality for the retention pond. Experimental results showed that pH of 11 was optimum pH for seawater flocculation and the high removal rates in terms of SS and T-P can be obtained by seawater flocculation. To eliminate the pollutants from the sediments we applied Fenton oxidation process. We compared whether direct oxidizing the sediments would be more effective than oxidizing them after elution. By Fenton oxidation only, the COD removal rate was 0.55 grams per one $H_2O_2$ gram. Whereas the removed COD grams per one $H_2O_2$ gram were 0.69 by Fenton oxidation after elution. It showed that the oxidizing after elution was about 25% more effective than the oxidizing without elution. Both treatments could improve the water quality of a retention pond from a level 6(very bad) to a level 3(normal) of Lake Water Quality Standard.

전기응집/분해를 이용한 축산폐수처리에 관한 연구

  • 구봉헌;정호진
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.43-45
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    • 2004
  • pH $4.5\~5$ 사이에서 최적의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 대체적으로 반응 시작 20분 경과후 반응조내에 물이 진한 검은색에서 옅은 노랑색으로 변화하였으며, 이에 반응 속도와 제거 효율 및 경제성을 검토한 결과 7A를 최적 전류 밀도로 결정하였다. 본 연구 결과 색도 및 탁도의 제거율을 $90\%$ 유지할 수 있었으며, 유기물의 제거율 또한 $50\%$이상의 제거효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

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The Quality Characteristics of Beef Sausage with the Addition of Gynura procumbens (명월초 가루를 첨가한 우육 소시지의 최적화 연구)

  • Park, Young Il;Jeong, Hee Sun;Joo, Nami
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.395-404
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    • 2015
  • The aims of this study were to determine the optimal mixing condition for two different amounts of Gynura procumbens powder and olive oil for the preparation of beef sausage. The experiments were designed according to the central composite design of response surface methodology, which showed 10 experimental points including two replicates of Gynura procumbens powder and olive oil. The physicochemical and mechanical characteristics as well as the sensory properties were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical optimization models. The results of the physiochemical and mechanical analysis of each sample, including chewiness, cohesiveness, color a, color b, moisture content, salinity and heating loss showed significant differences. The sensory measurements were significantly different in color, flavor, tenderness, texture and overall quality. The optimum formulation, which was calculated using the numerical and graphical method, was determined to be 2.1 g Gynura procumbens powder and 7.06 g of olive oil.

Study of factor of Bilge Separator for oily water emulsion conforming with new IMO regulation (신 IMO 협약에 따른 에멀젼 분리형 선박용 유수분리기 영향인자에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Jae-Dong;Park, Sun-Jung;Park, Sang-Ho;Kim, In-Soo
    • Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2006
  • Treatment of O/W Emulsion is very important to develop 15ppm Bilge Separator for new IMO regulation It is too difficult to demulsify the emulsion in the bilge waste water, so we use chemical treatment to break emulsion stability. Broken oil particle is treated by flotation 15ppm Bilge Separator on the Ship doesn't have enough time to treat Bilge waste water because of limited space in the ship. For the solution to this problem, we experiment to find primary factors as coagulant, pH, amount of inputting coagulant, and type of flotation. On the basis of test results, we decided primary factors.

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A Study on Proper Fenton Oxidation Conditions for Pretreatment of Livestock Wastewater (축산폐수 전처리를 위한 펜톤산화 적정조건에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jong Oh;Jeong, Seong Uk
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.107-117
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    • 2005
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the proper operation conditions of fenton oxidation such as initial pH, $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ ratio, $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ dosage amount, and neutralizing agent for pretreatment of the livestock wastewater. Fenton oxidation reagents were reacted with the livestock wastewater for 2 hours at 120 rpm and the settling was performed for 2 hours using jar-tester apparatus under the different experimental conditions. And then the supernatant was sampled and measured for the residual $H_2O_2$, $COD_{Cr}$, and SS. The results are as follows; optimum initial pH=4, optimum $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ ratio=10:1, optimum $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ dosage amount=5,000/500 mg/L and $Ca(OH)_2$ as proper neutralizing agent. The removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ and SS were 43% and 84% under those optimal fenton oxidation conditions.

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Optimization of Bioflocculant Production Conditions for Organic Wastewater Treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila KH-54 (Aeromonas hydrophila KH-54가 분비하는 유기폐수처리용 생물응집제 생산조건의 최적화)

  • Seo, Ho-Chan;Lee, Jung-Suk;Yun, Zu-Whan;Yi, Yun-Seok;Cho, Hong-Yon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.465-470
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    • 1998
  • For the need of bio-degradable flocculant in stage of wastewater treatment, some cultural conditions of bioflocculant production were optimized with Aeromonas hydrophila KH-54. About 260 strains of type culture and bacteria isolated from marsh, pond, activated sludge, etc were examined for their ability to flocculate kaolin particles and swine wastewater. Among them, KH-54 showed the highest flocculating activity and was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila according to the cultural, morphological and physiological properties. The maximum production of the flocculant secreted by Aeromonas hydrophila KH-54 was observed in culture medium containing 2.0% mannitol, 0.05% ammonium chloride, 0.02% potassium phosphate dibasic, 0.01% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and 0.05% yeast extract at initial pH 7.0 when cultured on rotary shaker controlled at $25^{\circ}C$ and 150 rpm. Under the optimized condition, the flocculating ability reached to 770 units/ml of kaolin flocculating activity and 81% of NTU removal efficiency against swine wastewater after 4 days cultivation. The bioflocculant was also effective on various organic wastewaters other than swine wastewater, showing NTU removal rate ranging from 92% to 34%.

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Optimization of coagulant dosage using response surface methodology with central composite design (반응표면분석법-중심합성계획을 이용한 최적 응집제 주입량 산정 연구)

  • Kim, Yeseul;Oh, Jeill
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.193-202
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    • 2015
  • The determining the appropriate dosage of coagulant is very important, because dosage of coagulant in the coagulation process for wastewater affects removing the amount of pollutants, cost, and producing sludge amount. Accordingly, in this study, in order to determine the optimal PAC dosage in the coagulation process, CCD (Central composite design) was used to proceed experimental design, and the quadratic regression models were constructed between independent variables (pH, influent turbidity, PAC dosage) and each response variable (Total coliform, E.coli, PSD (Particle size distribution) (< $10{\mu}m$), TP, $PO_4$-P, and $COD_{cr}$) by the RSM (Response surface methodology). Also, Considering the various response variables, the optimum PAC dosage and range were derived. As a result, in order to maximize the removal rate of total coliform and E.coli, the values of independent variables are the pH 6-7, the influent turbidity 100-200 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.07-0.09 ml/L. For maximizing the removal rate of TP, $PO_4$-P, $COD_{cr}$, and PSD(< $10{\mu}m$), it is required for the pH 9, the influent turbidity 200-250 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.05-0.065 ml/L. In the case of multiple independent variables, when the desirable removal rate for total coliform, E.coli, TP, and $PO_4$-P is 90-100 % and that for $COD_{cr}$ and PSD(< $10{\mu}m$) is 50-100 %, the required PAC dosage is 0.05-0.07 ml/L in the pH 9 and influent turbidity 200-250 NTU. Thus, if the influent turbidity is high, adjusting pH is more effective way in terms of cost since a small amount of PAC dosage is required.

Precipitation-Filtering Method for Reuse of Uranium Electrokinetic Leachate (우라늄 오염 동전기 침출액의 재이용을 위한 침전-여과 방법)

  • Kim, Gye-Nam;Shon, Dong-Bin;Park, Hye-Min;Kim, Ki-Hong;Lee, Ki-Won;Moon, Jeik-kwon
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2011
  • A large volume of uranium electrokinetic leachate has been generated during the electrokinetic decontamination to remove uranium from contaminated soil. The treatment technology for the reuse of the uranium leachate was developed. The concentration of uranium in the generated uranium leachate was 180 ppm and concentrations of Mg(II), K(I), Fe(II), and Al(III) ions ranged from 20 ppm to 1,210 ppm. The treatment process for uranium leachate consisted mainly of mixing and cohesion, precipitation, concentration, and filtration. In order to obtain the pH=11 of a precipitate solution, the calcium hydroxide needs to be 3.0g/100ml and the sodium hydroxide needed to be 2.7g/100ml. The results of several precipitation experiments showed that a mixture of NaOH+0.2g alum+0.15g magnetite was an optimal precipitant for filtration. The average particle size of precipitate with NaOH+alum+0.15g magnetite was $600\;{\mu}m$. Because the total value of metal concentrations in supernatant at pH=9 was the smallest, sodium hydroxide should be added with 0.2g alum and 0.15g magnetite for pH=9 of leachate.