• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2009

Objective: This study investigated the onset, peak height velocity (PHV) and end of adolescent growth spurt as well as menarcheal timing deduced from surveying accumulative height growth over many years. Methods: Ninety six students of Samgoe high school between 1st and 3rd grade that were in good health participated in the research. A survey questionnaire was distributed to examine the students' health status and menarche timing. Results: Adolescent growth spurt typically began at the age of 9.9 and reached a PHV at the age of 11.6. The growth spurt ended at the age of 14.1 on average. The average age of menarche was 12.6 years, which was about one year after the PHV of adolescent growth spurt. In most cases, menarche came after PHV. But in 24% of the students, menarche and PHV was nearly coincident or menarche preceded PHV. The growth curves were classified into four types. A typical adolescent growth spurt showed one PHV on graph that drastically drops after the PHV. However, there were cases with two PHVs. Conclusions: The results indicate that individual growth patterns show large individual differences, however the categorization into the various growth curves may aid in predicting individual growth patterns.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• v.63 no.9
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• pp.56-59
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• 2008

육용오리는 가급적 적은 사료를 이용하여 성장속도를 최대한 빠르게 하는 동시에 체지방이 필요 이상 축적되지 않은 우수한 육질이 되도록 사육하는 것이 중요하다. 오리는 어릴 때 발육속도가 빠르므로 사료 중 단백질 수준이 오리의 발육, 특히 초기 성장기의 중체량에 크게 영향을 미친다. 첫 2주간에 최대한 증체를 위해서는 22% 단백질사료를 급여해야 하며, 오리가 성장함에 따라 단백질 요구량은 점차 감소하게 된다. 그러나 오리의 육성기 전기간을 16% 수준의 단백질사료를 급여하더라도 사양환경이 좋으면 출하체중에는 영향이 없게 된다. 즉, 육성초기에는 단백질 급여량의 부족으로 성장이 떨어지게 될지라도 후기에 가서는 쉽게 이를 회복하는 능력이 있다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.235-247
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects and optimal timing for treatment of class II malocclusion with functional appliances in children and adolescents. A group of 30 patients with class II malocclusion were divided into 3 groups according to their use of functional appliance: Twin block, Activator, Fränkel appliance. The group was also divided into 2 groups according to the cervical vertebrae maturation method. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1). Among the functional appliances, treatment with Twin block and Activator showed significant increase in the length of the mandible (Co-Gn) and the lower anterior facial height (ANS to Me), whereas the overjet and overbite were significantly reduced. Treatment with Fränkel appliance showed significant improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible. In addition, if the functional appliance was used during the period of pubertal growth peak, there was a significant increase in mandibular length, improvement in the relationship of maxilla and mandible, labial inclination of lower incisors and decrease in overjet compared to the treatment before pubertal growth peak. Therefore, this study indicates that using functional appliances for patients with class II malocclusion is effective and the optimal timing for using functional appliances is during pubertal growth peak.

• Journal of Korean Electronics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2005

원달러 강세는 과거 고도성장기에 수입가격 하락 및 물가 안정을 통해 내수 살리기 효과를 보여주었지만 내수부진에 시달리는 작금에 와서 원달러 강세는 우리 경제의 최대장애물로 등장하며 '마른 수건도 다시 짜야 한다'는 수준의 극단적 경영 불안감을 다시 환기시키고 있다. 환율변동과 국내 IT산업 그리고 기업들의 대응전략을 조명해본다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.1 s.120
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• pp.29-43
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• 2007

Objective: To establish proper diagnosis and treatment plan for skeletal Class II malocclusions, some important factors to consider are the patient's skeletal morphology, prognosis as well as the treatment effects. Therefore, the present study analyzed the effects of activator treatment on different skeletal patterns in growing Class II malocclusion patients. Methods: A total of 116 patients (53 boys & 63 girls) in the experimental group were treated with the activator appliance. The experimental group was classified into either hyperdivergent or hypodivergent groups according to articular and genial angles. Results: Patients with hypodivergent growth patterns showed good effects of activator treatment. Conclusion: It seems conceivable that through classifying adolescent Class II malocclusion patients into different skeletal patterns, activator treatment effects may be predicted during the diagnosis and treatment planning stage.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2019

This study aimed to assess the skeletal age of skeletal maturational indicator (SMI) and middle phalanx of the middle finger (MP3) stages and to predict the SMI and MP3 stages corresponding to pubertal growth spurt in boys and girls respectively. The skeletal age was assessed from hand-wrist radiographs of 363 children (182 boys, 181 girls) aged 7 to 16 years by radiologists using the Korean standard bone age chart. Also, SMI and MP3 stages were evaluated from the radiographs. From these records, the mean skeletal age of SMI and MP3 stages was calculated. The stages including pubertal growth spurt were SMI 4 - 5, MP3 FG - G stages in boys and SMI 3 - 4, MP3 F - FG stages in girls.

• Vending industry
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• v.1 no.4 s.4
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• pp.40-53
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• 2002

지난 97년도를 기억하는 가. 그해 연말은 사상 초유의 IMF 부채국으로의 전락이라는 오욕과 뼈를 깎는 불황의 전주곡을 울렸던 해였기는 했지만, 아이러니컬하게도 자판기 산업은 사장 최대의 실적을 기록한 해다. 그러나 다음해인 98년부터 2000년까지는 시장성은 급락 직하하는 마이너스 성장기를 맞는다. 고도성장을 해 나가야 할 자판기 산업에 오히려 브레이크가 걸렸고, 지난 3년간의 통계조사 속에는 그러한 산업의 좌절과 아픔이 깊게 베어 있다. 하지만 산업계는 금번 2001년도 통계조사 분석 결과를 반갑게 받아들일 수 있게 됐다. 산업계는 온갖 어려움을 극복하고 마침내 산업 성장을 견인해 낸 것. 금호 기획특집에서는 성장세를 견인한 2001년 자판기 산업의 모든 것을 통계분석을 통해 대해부하는 시간을 마련했다

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the effects of combined intervention of isoflavones and exercise on bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and biochemical bone markers. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups; Control, Isoflavones (IF), Isoflavones + Running (IFR), and Isoflavones + Swimming (IFS). All of the rats in this study were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for nine weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were estimated using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin.) in spine and femur nine weeks after feeding or training. Results: The combined intervention did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, or food efficiency ratio. The serum concentrations of ALP and osteocalcin were not significantly different by combined intervention. The urinary DPD crosslinks values were not significantly different by combined intervention. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, calcitonin, and estradiol among all groups. Spine BMD, spine BMC and femur BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. However, femur BMD was significantly higher in the IFR group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, spine BMD, spine BMC, and femur BMD per weight were markedly increased in the isoflavones supplementation and combined intervention group. In addition, femur BMC per weight was significantly higher in the IFS group than in the control group. Compared with the isoflavones supplemented group, BMD and BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. Conclusion: It can be concluded that isoflavones supplementation or combined intervention of isoflavone and exercise had a beneficial effect on spine and femur peak bone mass in growing female rats.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.306-317
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• 2007

Reproductive cycle with the gonad developmental phases, first sexual maturity, spawning frequency, sex ratio of the dusky mud hopper, Periophthalmus modestus were investigated by histological observations. Monthly variations of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in May and reached a maximum in June when the gonad was getting mature during the period of higher ground (water) temperature-long day length. Changes in the GSI showed a negative correlation to the HSI, but coincided with the fatness index. The reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: in female, early growing stage (April to May), late growing stage (April to May), mature stage (May to June), ripe and spent stage (June to August), and recovery and resting stage (August to March); in males, growing stage (April to May), mature stage (May to June), ripe and spent stage (June to August), and recovery and resting stage (August to March); According to the frequency distributions of egg diameters during the breeding season, Periophthalmus modestus is presumed to be a summer breeder, asynchronous group and polycyclic species to spawn 2 times or more during the spawning season. Total eggs and mature eggs in absolute fecundity and relative fecundity (per cm) increased with the increase of body length. Total eggs and mature eggs in absolute fecundity and relative fecundity (per g) did not increase with the increase of body weight. Percentages of first sexual maturity of females and males ranging from 5.1 to 5.5 cm in body length are over 50%, and 100% for fish over 7.1 cm in body length. The sex ratios of females to males over 5.1 cm in body length were not significantly different from a 1 : 1 sex ratio.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

To increase the efficiency of esterase production by Bacillus, high cell-density culture of recombinant Escherichia coli through fed batch fermentation was tested. Cells were cultured to $OD_{600}$ of 76 (35.8 g/l DCW) with dissolved oxygen level controlled to least above 30% air saturation by supplying pure oxygen. Cells were cultured to an $OD_{600}$ of 90 (42.4 g/l DCW) with glucose feeding controlled to at least 1 g/l. However, the cells reached stationary phase at the late stage of culture, despite glucose being supplied. Cells were cultured to an $OD_{600}$ of 185 (87.3 g/l DCW) by supplying additional medium with fortified yeast extract. To increase the productivity of the recombinant protein, cell growth and esterase productivity based on induction time were evaluated. Late exponential phase induction for esterase production in fed batch fermentation resulted in maximum optical density $OD_{600}$ of 190 (89 g/l DCW) and maximum esterase activity of 1745 U/l, corresponding to a 5.8-fold enhancement in esterase production, compared to the early exponential phase induction. In this study, we established fermentation methods for achieving maximum production of Bacillus-derived esterase by optimizing IPTG induction time in high-cell density culture by supplying pure oxygen and a nitrogen source.