• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.228-228
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• 2021

하천의 합류부는 서로 다른 지형학적 특성과 수리학적 특성을 가지는 두 개의 하천이 하나로 합쳐지는 구간으로 하천 생태계에서 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 구간 중 하나이다. 이러한 합류부 구간의 혼합의 영향을 분석하기 위해서는 지류에 유입에 따른 본류의 혼합이 발생하는 혼합거리에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 기존에 많은 연구들은 실측의 어려움으로 인해 이송-확산방정식을 활용한 수치 모의를 통해서 다양한 조건에 대한 혼합거리를 분석하였고, 최근에는 첨단 센싱 장비들을 활용하여 간헐적으로 측정된 실측자료를 기반으로 측정시기에 대한 혼합거리에 분석이 수행되고 있다. 하지만, 실무적으로 합류부에서 발생하는 혼합의 양상을 분석하기 위해서는 실제 혼합이 발생하는 혼합거리에 대해 시계열적인 변화를 통해 연중 혼합거리에 대한 분석을 통해서 유황에 따른 혼합거리에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 본류와 지류의 유량비에 따른 혼합거리와의 관계식을 개발하여 유량비에 따른 혼합거리를 분석하여 시계열적인 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상지역은 황강과 낙동강의 합류부로 본류와 지류 관측소에서 측정된 유량자료를 활용하여 10분 단위로 측정된 유량비를 산정하였고, 측정시기별로 수행된 합류부 혼합거리 모니터링 결과를 활용하여 관계식을 통한 조견표의 만들어 측정시기의 유량비에 따른 혼합거리에 변화에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 그리고 수행된 결과를 바탕으로 유황에 따른 혼합거리를 분석하였고, 최대 혼합이 발생하는 거리에 대한 분석을 수행하여 합류부에서 발생하는 연중 혼합거리에 대한 분석을 수행할 수 있었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

Purpose : We studied enhanced method to view the vessels in the brain using Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). Noticing that Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) image is often used to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain, we propose a new method for view brain vessels to stereo image in 3D space with more superior and more correct compared with conventional method. Materials and Methods: We use 3T Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner with 4 channel head coil and get a 3D MRA brain data by fixing volunteers head and radiating Phase Contrast pulse sequence. MRA brain data is 3D rotated according to the view angle of each eyes. Optimal view angle (projection angle) is determined by the distance between eye and center of the data. Newly acquired MRA data are projected along with the projection line and display only the highest values. Each left and right view MIP image is integrated through anaglyph imaging method and optimal stereoscopic MIP image is acquired. Results: Result image shows that proposed method let enable to view MIP image at any direction of MRA data that is impossible to the conventional method. Moreover, considering disparity and distance from viewer to center of MRA data at spherical coordinates, we can get more realistic stereo image. In conclusion, we can get optimal stereoscopic images according to the position that viewers want to see and distance between viewer and MRA data. Conclusion: Proposed method overcome problems of conventional method that shows only specific projected image (z-axis projection) and give optimal depth information by converting mono MIP image to stereoscopic image considering viewers position. And can display any view of MRA data at spherical coordinates. If the optimization algorithm and parallel processing is applied, it may give useful medical information for diagnosis and treatment planning in real-time.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of morphologic pelvis according to age and gender. Pelvis AP(anterior-posterior) projection were taken from 382 individuals (men: 194, women: 188) at the age of twenty and older. We measured four values of pelvis using CR (computed radiological system) including maximum pelvic breadth (MPB), sacral breadth (SB), transverse diameter of pelvic inlet (TD), and distance between femoral heads (DFH). Average (t-test, ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were calculated for comparison. While there was no significant difference of gender in case of MPB, significant differences were observed in SB (men 97.76 mm, women 102.00 mm), TD (men 138.0 mm, women 149.79 mm), and DFH (men 141.94 mm, women 150.39 mm). The DFH values were negatively correlated with the age (men r=-0.280, women r=-0.207). The morphological changes of pelvis were measured high in the men of 50's and in the women of 60's and 70's. The SB, TD and DFH were greater in the women than in the man. As the ages get higher, the deviation of pelvis were gradually increased, which indicates that the morphological changes of pelvis with respect to the age reflects an aging process.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

The wildland fire intensity and scale are getting bigger owing to climate change in the world. In the case of domestic, the forest is distributed over approximately 63.7 % of country and the main facilities like a industrial facility or gas facility abuts onto it. Therefore there is potential that the wildland fire is developed to a large-scale disaster. In this study, the effect distances of the radiant heat flux from the crown fire are analysed according to the change of wind velocity. The safety criteria concerning the radiant heat flux to influence on the surrounding were researched to analyse the effect distances. The criteria of radiant heat flux were chosen $5kW/m^2$, $12.5kW/m^2$, $37.5kW/m^2$. WFDS, which is an extension of NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator, was used to consequence analysis of the forest fire. In order to apply the analysis conditions, it is researched the forest conditions that is generally distributed in domestic region. As the result, the maximum effect distances by radiant heat were showed at the horizontal and vertical direction. When the wind velocity varied from 0 to 10 m/s, the maximum effect distance increased as the wind velocity increases. Interesting point is that the maximum effect distance were shown at the wind velocity of 8 m/s. The maximum effect distance was decreased according as the fuel moisture of trees increase. This study can contribute to analyse quantitative risk about the damage effect of the surrounding facilities caused by wildland fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.935-942
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• 2021

Involuntary movement of internal organs by respiration is a factor that greatly affects the results of radiotherapy and diagnosis. In this study, a moving phantom was fabricated to simulate the movement of an organ or a tumor according to respiration, and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan images were acquired under various respiratory simulating conditions to analyze the movement range of the tumor movement by respiration, the level of artifacts according to the size of the tumor and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Based on Windows CE 6.0 as the operating system, using electric actuator, electric actuator positioning driver, and programmable logic controller (PLC), the position and speed control module was operated normally at a moving distance of 0-5 cm and 10, 15, and 20 reciprocations. For sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm at a delay time of 100 minutes, 80.4%, 99.5%, 107.9%, 113.1%, 128.0%, and 124.8%, respectively were measured. When the moving distance was the same, the difference according to the respiratory rate was insignificant. When the number of breaths is 20 and the moving distance is 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm, as the moving distance increased at the sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm, the ability to distinguish images from smaller spheres deteriorated. When the moving distance is 5 cm compared to the still image, the maximum values of the standard intake coefficient were 18.0%, 23.7%, 29.3%, 38.4%, 49.0%, and 67.4% for sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm, respectively.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 2017

In this paper, a real-time training method to improve the performance of bearing fault diagnosis. The traditional bearing fault diagnosis cannot classify a condition which is not trained by the classifier. The proposed 4-step method trains and recognizes new condition in real-time, thereby it can classify the condition accurately. In the first step, we calculate the maximum distance value for each class by calculating a Euclidean distance between a feature vector of each class and a centroid of the corresponding class in the training information. In the second step, we calculate a Euclidean distance between a feature vector of new acquired data and a centroid of each class, and then compare with the allowed maximum distance of each class. In the third step, if the distance between a feature vector of new acquired data and a centroid of each class is larger than the allowed maximum distance of each class, we define that it is data of new condition and increase count of new condition. In the last step, if the count of new condition is over 10, newly acquired 10 data are assigned as a new class and then conduct re-training the classifier. To verify the performance of the proposed method, bearing fault data from a rotating machine was utilized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.621-623
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 공용 접근이 가능한 NTO 서버들에 대한 동기화 특성을 조사, 분석했다. 분석 주요 항목은 서버 신뢰도, 정확도 그리고 오프셋(offeset)과 전송지연의 관계이다. 이러한 분석을 위해 NTP알고리즘에서 최적 시간 동기를 위해 선택하는 값인 클럭 옻프셋, 일주지연, 분산 그리고 동기화 거리를 사용하였다. 분석 결과는동기화 거리 값의 경우 최대 700ms의 정도의 차이를 보이고, 분산의 경우 최대 300ms정도의 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 전송 지연과 오프셋은 타워 분포를 보이며, 이는 그간의 오프셋 근거의 단순 선택이 효율적이지 못할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 본 논문에서 살펴본 NTP서버 동기화 특성은 많은 NTP 서버중 최적의 조건을 찾는데 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.986-990
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 정속마찰 시험기를 사용하여 공기중에서 핏치/CVI계와 페놀/CVI계 낱소/탄소 복합재료의 마찰특성을 평가하고 상호 비교하였다. 운용조건(마찰거리, 마찰속도, 마찰압력)에 관계없이 페놀/CVI계의 평균 마찰계수가 핏치/CVI계 보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 마찰거리가 4Km이하 일때는 평균 마찰계수가 불안정한 경향을 나타내고 그 이후에서는 안정한 평균 마찰계수 값을 갖는다. 또한 마찰속도와 마찰압력이 증가할수록 평균 마찰계수는 감소하는 경향을 나타내며, 페놀/CVI계의 평균 마찰계수가 핏치/CVI계 보다 높고 마찰면 온도 상승률과 최대 마찰면 온도도 높다. 마찰계수는 마찰면 온도의 영향을 받으며, 마찰속도와 3kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$이하에서 마찰압력이 커질수록 최대 마찰계수를 갖는 마찰면 온도는 높아진다.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.246-250
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• 1996

In optical soliton transmission systems with nonlinear dispersive materials, which is utilized for ultra-long and high bit rate transmission, it is shown that the value of initial time difference between adjacent solitons is analyzed for optimum bit rate. The method is inducted by uncorrelation condition with minimum interaction forces in initial covariance coefficient between adjacent solitons. When the initial time difference is 6 times of soliton pulse width by the results, it is shown that the reliability is maintained with more than 90% within transmission length of soliton period. multiplied by 93.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

Clustering methods is divided into hierarchical clustering, partitioning clustering, and more. If the amount of documents is huge, it takes too much time to cluster them in hierarchical clustering. In this paper we deal with K-Means algorithm that is one of partitioning clustering and is adequate to cluster so many documents rapidly and easily. We propose the new method of selecting initial seeds in K-Means algorithm. In this method, the initial seeds have been selected that are positioned as far away from each other as possible.