• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.645-656
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the product quality and function properties of hot pepper (green and red) fruits cultivated by organic and conventional agricultural practices. Organic and conventional hot peppers were analyzed their product quality with respect to pH, soluble solid, hardness, and color values. The soluble solid contents of organic hot peppers were 2.6~10% higher but their hardness was slightly lower than those of conventional hot peppers. Hot peppers were further analyzed their functional properties on chlorophyll contents, ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) value, total phenolics, and SEM ultrastructure. In case of green pepper, organic hot pepper showed higher (-)a value and the significantly (p<0.001) higher amounts of chlorophyll a and b than conventional hot pepper. Interestingly, organic red hot pepper showed higher (+)a value than that of conventional one. The ASTA value of organic red hot pepper was 28% higher than that of conventional one. Regardless of the fruits color, total phenolics content of organic hot peppers was more enriched than those of conventional ones. These results suggest that organic hot peppers exhibited more excellent color quality and functional properties than conventional hot peppers regardless of fruit color.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidation and biological activities of 5 kinds of specialized crops (asparagus, aloe, curcumin, backnyuncho and garlic) cultivated in Namhae. All crops were freeze dried and then extracted with 10 folds of $60^{\circ}C$ hot-water, for 8 hours. Collected twice extracted water extract were also freeze dried. Dried extract samples were diluted with deionized water for examination. The total phenolics content was the highest observed in asparagus extract to $23.79{\pm}0.33mg/g$ and total flavonoids of aloe extract was the highest content $17.10{\pm}0.05mg/g$. In all samples, DPPH, ABTs and NO radical scavenging activity were depends on the concentration of the extract tended to increase. ABTs radical scavenging activity was the highest conducted $96.10{\pm}0.06%$ effect examined at $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ in asparagus hot-water extract. NO radical scavenging activity of hot-water extract from curcumin was the highest $250{\mu}g/mL$ concentration observed in $45.04{\pm}1.39%$. In all sample, tyrosinase activity was significantly inhibited with increasing of hot-water extract concentration. As a result, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was the highest in hot-water extract from backnyuncho on $31.38{\pm}0.94%$ at $250{\mu}g/mL$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1213-1223
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate extraction efficiency by microwave for extraction of pesticide residues and the bioconversion of ginsenosides of ginseng leaf by using various lactic acid bacteria in order to promote the utilization of ginseng leaf. The hexane extraction by microwave of tolclofos-methyl and azoxystrobin in ginseng leaf was efficient. The optimal condition for extraction of tolclofos-methyl and azoxystrobin in ginseng leaf by microwave was 50 to 95 watts of power supply, 3 minutes of extraction.The gisenosides Rg1 and Rb1 contents have decreased, while the Rh1, Rg3, Rk1 and Rh2 have increased due to fermentation. The ginsenosides Rg3 of the fermented ginseng leaf has increased and the contents were $70.62{\sim}77.61{\mu}g/g$(control $2.77{\mu}g/g$). The total phenolic acid content and electron donating ability of the ginseng leaf have totally decreased after 7 days of fermentation. The total phenolic acid contents of the fermented ginseng leaf with various lactic acid bacteria did not show any tendency as different strains.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1330-1335
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• 2016

Sasa species leaves have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and diuretic properties. Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai is a small bamboo grass that grows only on Mt. Halla on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. This small bamboo grass has recently been the focus of much attention due to its potential biomass as well as its beneficial health effects. In this study, to promote the efficient utilization of the S. quelpaertensis leaf, we established a simple preparation method for phytochemical-rich extract (PRE) by comparing phytochemical contents and biological activities according to extraction methods. high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the contents of two major phytochemicals such as, tricin (5.35 mg/g) and p-coumaric acid (44.10 mg/g) contained in PRE were higher than those in fresh hot water extract (SQH, p-coumaric 23.39 mg/g, tricin 0.18 mg/g) and ethanol extract (SQE, p-coumaric 10.8 mg/g, tricin 0.38 mg/g). The antioxidant activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity] of PRE were higher than those of SQH and SQE. PRE effectively inhibited NO production in LSP- stimulation RAW 264.7 cells, and the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. These results suggest that PRE has a potential as a promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.989-994
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• 2016

As part of our continuing search for bioactive natural products, the antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of an 80% methanolic extract and organic solvent soluble-portions of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots were investigated by using a bioassay system. The antioxidant activity of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were assessed by examining with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging. In addition, anti-diabetic effects of the A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus root extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were tested via ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition assay. The total phenolic contents of the products were determined by applying UV-VIS spectrophotometry. All tested samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory properties. In particular, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory and radical scavenging effects of the ethyl-acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the roots of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus were greater than those from other solvent-soluble portions. These results indicate that A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus could be considered a new effective source of natural antioxidants and anti-diabetic materials. More systematic research of the constituents of the roots of this A. dioicus variety will be conducted to further develop its antioxidative and anti-diabetic properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.521-530
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• 2009

Perilla leaves powder was added to cookies to determine a practical use for the herb, which has been shown to have medical benefits and functionality. We examined the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of cookies prepared with different amounts (as ratios of 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5% to the total materials) of perilla leaves powder. The antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the total phenolic compound content in perilla leaves powder and cookies. The quality characteristics of the perilla leaves cookie were estimated in terms of the bulk density, pH of the dough, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluations. While the bulk density and pH of the dough as well as total polyphenol contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies significantly increased, the spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate and L value of the cookies decreased with increasing perilla leaves powder content(p<.05). The consumer acceptability scores for the $1{\sim}3%$ perilla leaves cookie groups ranked significantly(p<.05) higher than those of the other groups in appearance, taste, flavor, texture, and overall preference. This study suggests that perilla leaves powder is a good ingredient to increase the consumer acceptability and the functionality of cookies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidative activities of water and ethanol extracts from a mixture of roasted coffee and red ginseng. The antibacterial effects of each extract were determined by the classical paper disc method. A water extract of mixture samples inhibited growth of all strains, but antibacterial effects were mostly weakened. Ethanol extracts showed stronger antibacterial effects than water extracts in all strains except Gram negative Escherichia coli and the fungi strain Candida albicans. Also, the antibacterial effect of the Bacillus cereus strain appeared in all samples, and the ES2 sample formed a clear zone of 19 and 20 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. Typhimurium respectively (MIC=0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL). Determinations of free radical elimination for the different mixture extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hyderoxytoluene as positive controls. The water and ethanol extracts of mixture samples (100 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed 55.38~60.01% and 59.37~70.50% DPPH scavenging activities, respectively. DPPH scavenging activities of all mixture samples were slightly higher than roasted coffee and red ginseng samples. However, DPPH scavenging activity decreased when red ginseng extract composed more than 70% of the total extract. The total polyphenol in the mixture samples measured by the Folin-Denis method revealed the highest level of polyphenol content in ethanol extract of sample 3, whereas polyphenol content differed with different mixture ratios, ranging from 105.16~119.79 mg/g in ethanol extract. In the water extract, the polyphenol content was greatest with water extract of sample 1, whereas in other samples the content varied from 93.75~109.18 mg/g.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.796-804
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• 2015

The present study investigated the plant growth characteristics, dormancy breaking, yield, and biological activity properties (contents of flavonoid and phenolic compounds, nitrite scavenging activity, and the survival rate of lung cancer) of four asparagus cultivars. It aimed to examine selection possibilities for high efficacy cultivar to promote biological activity in asparagus cultivation in South Korea. The results showed that the number of asparagus buds and root fresh and dry weight of 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'NJ953' were higher than those of 'UC157' cultivar, and there were no differences in the number of roots. The dormancy breaking period of 'Jersey Supreme' was prolonged compared to the other cultivars. 'Jersey Giant' and 'NJ953' had more total spears, and greater spear diameter, and yield than other cultivars. Total flavonoid content was unaffected by cultivar and was higher in ethanol extraction than in hot water extraction. Total phenolic compound content was the lowest in 'NJ953' for both hot water and ethanol extracts, whereas in the ethanol extraction, 'UC157' had the highest, with $39.23mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'NJ953' all showed greater than 70% nitrite scavenging activity. In the case of ethanol extraction, the survival rates of lung cancer in extracts from 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'UC157' were lower than 'NJ 953' cultivar, regardless of extraction concentration. The survival rate of lung cancer was lower in hot water extraction than in ethanol extraction, so that the consumption of asparagus is also expected to be helpful in preventing lung cancer. The growth characteristics and biological activity effects of edible asparagus that were identified in the present study are expected to be useful in selection of high efficacy cultivars for biological activity and utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.973-979
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• 2016

Lentils (Lens culinaris) have been gaining increasing attention recently as a top five superfood, as they are high in protein and other essential nutrients, including folate, iron, potassium, and various antioxidants. In the present study, phenolic extracts from four different lentil cultivars (green, red, French, and beluga) were evaluated for their total phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activities. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of four different lentil extracts were 27.30~30.30 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g and 13.14~16.29 mg quercetin equivalents (QUE)/g, respectively. Beluga and red lentil extracts showed higher polyphenol contents than others (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in flavonoid contents among the four lentil cultivars. $RC_{50}$ values of the lentil extracts for DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and $H_2O_2$ were $57.42{\sim}64.49{\mu}g/mL$, $66.11{\sim}75.69{\mu}g/mL$, and $59.72{\sim}72.86{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Among the four lentil extracts, beluga lentil extract showed the most potent scavenging effect in all three reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assays, and thus beluga extract was further tested for its inhibitory effect on early peroxidation of linoleic acid. The results showed that beluga lentil extract significantly inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner (concentration required for 50% reduction=$222.76{\m}g/mL$). In addition, beluga lentil extract showed a significant protective effect against alcohol-induced cytotoxicity in AML-12 cells (normal mouse hepatocyte cell line). Taken together, these results suggest that lentil extracts represent potential sources of natural antioxidants, and further studies will be necessary to determine their protective effects against oxidative stress in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.333-338
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• 2004

Antioxidant activities of water extracts of 20 medicinal plants (1 mg/mL) on peroxidation of linolic acid were evaluated by thiocyanate method, among which 11 showed strong antioxidant activity (> 70%). Higher hydroxy radical scavenging activity (> 60%) were shown in Corner officinalis, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, and Epimedium koreanum than the other plants. Epimedium koreanum than the other plants extract showed highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (42%). Total polyphenol contents ranged from $2.6\;(Polygonatum\;odoratum){\sim}81.2(Epimedium\;koreanum)\;mg/g$. Direct correlation between the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content (r=0.8) was established through simple regression analysis. $IC_{50}$ for selected four plant extracts, showing highest polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities, were significantly higher than positive control. Total antioxidant activity of vitamin c was significantly lower than those of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Epimedium koreanum, and Erythrina variegata. Superoxide radical scavenging activity of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus was similar to BHA. Results suggest water extracts of some medicinal plants could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.