• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.859-865
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• 2016

Thise study aimed to determine the optimum antioxidant extraction conditions of dried Gugija (Lycium chinensis Mill). To determine the operational parameters, including ethanol concentration ($X_1$, 0~80%) and extraction time ($X_2$, 1~5 hr), a response surface methodology was applied to monitor brown color intensity, total phenolic compounds, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity. Coefficients of determinations ($R^2$) of the models were 0.8486~0.9214 (p<0.05~0.1) in dependent parameters. Brown color intensity of Gugija extracts reached a maximum of 0.75 (OD in 420 nm) under extraction conditions of 2.88 hr in 78.10% ethanol. Total phenolic compounds reached a maximum of $2,355{\mu}g$ under extraction conditions of 4.94 hr in 30.17% ethanol. ABTS radical scavenging activity was 13.83% at 4.61 hr and 16.21% ethanol. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity showed a maximum of 58.54% under extraction conditions of 3.39 hr in 0.76% ethanol. Optimum extraction conditions (5 hr extraction in 15% ethanol) were obtained by superimposing the contour maps with regards to total phenolic compounds, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity of dried Gugija. Maximum values of total phenolic compounds, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity under optimum extraction condition were $2,397{\mu}g$, 15.62% and 54.78%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.713-720
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the possible utilization of Ligustrum japonicum leaves as a source of functional ingredients. Contents of total phenolic compounds and condensed tannin were $0.89{\sim}1.53%$ and $0.10{\sim}0.13%$, respectively. The major flavonoid compounds in the leaves of L. japonicum were luteolin, apigenin and their glycosides. Tyrosol, t-cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, shikimic acid and protocatecuic acid were detected in free phenolic acid, while tyrosol, t-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, esculetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and hydroxytyrosol were detected in esterified phenolic acid. The insoluble phenolic acid contained tyrosol, t-cinnamic and p-caoumaric acid.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.345-349
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• 2009

This study measured the amounts of uronic acid, total sugars, non-cellulosic neutral sugars, phenolic compounds as well as antioxidants activity in cell wall materials (CWM) derived from different parts of deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata). The values of the uronic acid (UA): neutral sugars (NS) ratio in polymers extracted from the CWM of the flesh and skin were 4 and 6, respectively. The total sugar contents of the flesh and skin were 788.6 and 824.9 ${mu}g/mg$ of CWM, respectively. Galactose and arabinose were the main noncellulosic neutral sugars. The chemical structure of five phenolic compounds from the CWM were analyzed and identified as vanillic acid, p-OH-benzaldehyde, vanillin, ferulic acid, and 8-O-4' diferulic acid by HPLC spectral data. Among them, p-OH-benzaldehyde, vanillin, and 8-O-4' diferulic acid were the first compounds identified from the deodeok. The content of 8-O-4' diferulic acid in the skin CWM was 56.1 ${mu}g/g$ AIR (alcohol insoluble residue). The ethanol-NaOH fractions from CWM had the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities, followed by the AIR fractions and ethanol fractions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.999-1010
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• 2015

Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were investigated in leaves of organic apricot, filbert, mulberry, persimmon, and pomegranate trees during growing season. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in leaves of organic apricot and filbert trees were gradually increased from May to June, attained peak in July, thereafter decreased to minimum level in October. In leaves of organic mulberry tree total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were simultaneously increased from May to June and sharply decrease to very low level. The leaves of organic persimmon trees showed very high level of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from May to June, thereafter gradually decrease to October. The leaves of organic pomegranate trees showed extraordinarily highest level of total phenolic compounds among five fruit trees investigated in the study during growing stages, as well as maintained higher than 91 percent of antioxidant activity from May to October. Correlation coefficients between total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of the leaves of five organic trees were the highest in mulberry leaves, and then persimmon, filbert, apricot, and pomegranate, respectively. However, correlation coefficients between total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of the leaves of organic pomegranate were very low level, and not significant in their relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.338-345
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• 2003

Response surface methodology was used for monitoring changes in phenolic compounds properties of Rubi Fructus extract depening on extraction conditons. The three independent variables (extraction conditions) were ratio of solvent to sample content (5, 10, 15 mL/g), ethanol concentration (20, 40, 60%) and extraction time (2, 4, 6 hr). It was anticipated that each of the five dependent Y variables (responses) would be affected by the three independent variables. The dependent responses were total yield, total phenolics content, electron donating ability, antioxidant ability and nitrite-scavenging ability (pH 1.2, 3.0, 4.2, 6.0). Total yield, total phenolics content, electron donating ability and antioxidant ability were affected by ratio of solvent to sample content. Nitrite- scavenging ability at pH 1.2 and pH 6.0 was affected by ethanol concentration, while it was affected by extraction time at pH 3.0 and pH 4.2. The optimum extraction conditions for total yield were 14.16 mL/g ratio of solvent to sample content,39.08% ethanol concentration and 2.99 hr extraction time. The maximum total phenolics content of extracts were shown at 14.06 mL/g ratio of solvent to sample content, 35.51% ethanol concentration and 3.15 hr extraction time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of extracts from dried Platycodon grandiflorum on total phenolic content and growth of cancer cell lines (HT-29 and AGS). Total phenolic contents of acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) extract and methanol (MeOH) fraction were 4.53 and 27.22 TAE mg/100 g, respectively. Among the fractions, n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction contained the highest phenolic content. Treatments of crude extracts and fractions significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29 and AGS cancer cell lines (p<0.05). Among the fractions, n-BuOH fraction exhibited the highest inhibitory effect and was then sub-fractionated by reverse phase flash column chromatography (rfc). The rfc 1-3 exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on proliferation of both cancer cells. The rfc 1 contained the highest phenol content. Our results showed that n-BuOH fraction possessed a potent inhibitory effect on proliferation of human cancer cells. We suggested that this anticancer activity was partially related to the content of phenolic compounds.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.171-179
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and the bioactive compounds found in 70% ethanol extracts taken from Sanguisorbae officinalis L. leaves(SO) cultivated in Korea. The extracts were tested for their total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), phenolic compounds, and antioxidative activities using various in vitro assay such as DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and reducing power. The TPC and TFC were found to be $119.3{\pm}1.54mg$ gallic acid and $59.6{\pm}1.43mg$ rutin at mg of 70% ethanol extracts, respectively. Catechin was the major material among the phenolic compounds in SO extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and reducing power of SO extracts were increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that SO extracts could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and functional food ingredient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.140.2-140
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• 2003

국산(2, 3년생) 및 중국산 음나무의 껍질을 이용해 음나무 껍질의 추출물에 대해 용매는 열수, 추출시간 및 추출온도는 각각 7시간, 9$0^{\circ}C$의 조건으로 추출하여 색도, 갈색도, 가용성고형분, 총페놀성화합물, 전자공여능, 조사포닌 및 환원당을 분석하였다. 원산지별 음나무 껍질 추출물의 색도에서는 명도(L)는 국산이 중국산 보다 조금 높게 나타났다. 그러나 적색도(a)는 중국산 음나무 수피의 추출물이 적색도가 높았으며 황색도(b) 역시 중국산 추출물이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 갈색도 역시 국내산에 비해 중국산이 높은 수치를 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 가용성고형분의 경우 국산이 중국산 음나무 껍질 추출물에 비해 가용성고형분의 함량이 높게 나타났으며 국산에서는2, 3년생에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총페놀성화합물의 경우에서도 중국산 보다 국산 음나무 껍질 추출물의 함량이 더 높게 나타났으며 그 중에서도 특히 국산 2년생이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 국산 및 중국산 음나무에서 그다지 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 국산이 약간 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 환원당의 경우 중국산에 비해 국산이 높은 함량을 보였으며 국산에서는 그다지 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 조사포닌의 경우 다른 추출물에 비해 국산 2년생 추출물이 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 특히 조사포닌의 경우 그 함량이 일반 인삼의 1/3 정도의 함량을 나타내고 있어 기능성을 기대해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the phenolic compounds content and antioxidative activity of methanol extract from Chinese soybean. The content of total phenolics and total flavonoids of Chinese soybean Heinong 48) extract were $9.91{\pm}0.57GAE\;mg/g$ and $4.15{\pm}0.39QE\;mg/g$, respectively. The antioxidative activities of Chinese soybean extract were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) radical scavenging($IC_{50}$ values were $2.04{\pm}0.16$ and $3.31{\pm}0.31mg/mL$, respectively). These results suggest that Chinese soybean may have great potential as a natural antioxidant source with health benefits.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.732-739
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the changes in quality properties of extract from roasted Pleurotus eryngii by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). MAE was carried out under different conditions including ethanol concentration, extraction time and microwave power. Total phenolics compound contents, electron donating ability (EDA) and nitrite-scavenging ability at pH 1.2 were high at 50% ethanol concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was high at 75% ethanol concentration. Soluble solid and total phenolics compound content decreased as extending extraction time up to 7 min. EDA decreased as increased extraction time. SOD-like activity and nitrite-scavenging ability were not significantly different. The highest soluble solid content, total phenolics compound content and EDA were obtained at 100 W extraction of microwave power. SOD-like activity was high at 25 W. But microwave power did not significantly affect the nitrite-scavenging ability.