• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.127-128
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• 2003

본 연구는 퇴비화 과정 중 난용성 인산의 가용화와 무기태 인산의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 비료와 퇴비중의 인산형태는 다른 성분들보다 토양에 흡착 또는 고정되거나 불용화 되는 양이 많아 작물의 흡수량이 적다. 시비된 인산의 흡수율은 낮고, 그 대부분은 난용화되기 때문에 토양에 축적되거나 세탈과 용탈에 의해 수질을 오염화시키는 주원인이 되고 있다. 퇴비화 과정중의 인산형태별 함량변화를 분석조사하여 작물에 시비되는 인산비료와 퇴비의 시용량을 적절하게 조절하여 인산의 과잉 시비량을 저감시키기 위한 연구이다. 돈분을 원료로 한 퇴비화 과정에서 단계별로 퇴비시료를 채취하여 총인산(T-P), 유효인산(Avail. -P)과 무기태인산분획별(Ca-P, Al-P, Fe-P)로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 퇴적더미의 초기부피는 570L였으며, 약 2개월간의 퇴비화를 통해서 시료채취와 미생물등의 분해작용으로 최종부피는 430L정도로 감소하였다. 이는 초기의 부피보다 25% 감소하였다. 퇴적더미의 분해로 인한 용적밀도의 변화를 고려하면, 총인산 함량은 초기 약 17,500mg/kg에서 최종시료는 22,500mg/kg로 증가되었다. 또한 퇴비화가 진행됨에 따라 인산의 가용태가 증가하는 결과를 보였으며, 초기의 유효인산이 4,500mg/kg에서 최종시료에서는 8,900mg/kg으로 증가되었다. 그리고 무기태 인산분획별 인산의 형태별 변화를 조사한 결과, 퇴비화 과정 중 Ca-P의 경우 pH와의 중요한 상관관계를 갖고 있었다. 유기물분해를 통해 유리된 인산과 Ca은 난용태로 전환되는데, 초기의 약 10일 동안 Ca-P의 감소원인은 pH의 감소로 인한 Ca이 유리되는 정도가 낮기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 초기 Ca-P형태의 인산함량은 11,900mg/kg으로 Fe-P와 Al-P보다 많았다. 또한 퇴비화가 안정화되어 부숙된 최종시료의 무기태 인산분획물 중 Ca-P는 18,000mg/kg로 증가하였으며, Ca-P>Al-P>Fe-P의 순 이었다. 그러나 Al-P와 Fe-P 형태의 무기태인산은 초기의 함량비율보다 다소 감소한 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 퇴비화과정 중 단계별 인산함량의 형태전환을 분석한 결과 총인산의 함량은 퇴비화가 안정화될수록 부피감소로 인한 인산함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 유기물질의 분해로 인한 원료내 인산의 형태가 불용태와 난용태에서 가용태 인산으로 전환되는 것을 도출하였다. 또한 무기태 인산분획물에서는 Ca-P 인산형태가 퇴비화가 진행될수록 증가한다는 결과를 얻었으며, Fe-P와 Al-P는 분해된 유기물의 킬레이트작용으로 감소되었다고 판단되며, 그 존재형태가 경쟁적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 화학비료와 퇴비의 시용이 병행될 경우에는 퇴비의 가용태 인산함량뿐만 아니라 무기태 인산의 함량을 분석한 후 인산질비료의 시비량을 조절해야할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate changes in inorganic phosphorus fractions in phosphorus accumulated plastic film house soils under cropping condition. Pot experiment was conducted with surface soils taken from plastic film house fields cultivated for 3, 8 and 16 years. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied at the rates of 0 (P0), $100kg\;ha^{-1}$ (recommended application rate. P1) and $200kg\;ha^{-1}$ (P2) as fused phosphate. Crops were grown sequentially in the order of corn-Chinese cabbage-Chinese cabbage-corn for 3 years. The content of easily soluble-P fraction was decreased with cropping. There were significantly positive relationship not only between the contents of easily soluble-P and the amounts of soil available P ($r=0.839^{**}{\sim}0.952^{**}$ for Bray-1 P, $r=0.895^{**}{\sim}0.967^{**}$ for Lancaster P, and $r=0.491^{**}{\sim}0.821^{**}$ for Olsen P), but also between the amounts of P absorbed by plants and the amounts of easily soluble P decreased ($r=0.644^{**}{\sim}0.822^{**}$). The decrease of easily soluble-P during cropping period could be described by a first-order reaction. The number of cropping times needed to decrease the content of easily soluble-P to an index level of $0.2mg\;kg^{-1}$, which is commonly reported as the desired concentration for soil P, was predicted in the range of 26~33 cropping times by using the equations. Regardless of P fertilization, the proportion of Al-P to total P was little varied during cropping period, but the proportion of Fe-P to total P increased with cropping. Although the content of Ca-P was high before cropping, the proportion of Ca-P to total P was increased with cropping. The proportion of reductant soluble-P to total P was little varied for P fertilizer treatment but was increased for no P fertilizer treatment. The residual-P was decreased during cropping period due to the absorption by crops and the conversion to other inorganic P fractions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.384-390
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• 2003

Removal of phosphate from soil by leaching, runoff, and plant uptake is strongly influenced by the content and absorption characteristics of P in soil. In this study the relationships between water soluble phosphate and phosphate retention capacity of the soil was investigated. Water soluble and available phosphate, and phosphate absorption characteristics of 35 paddy soils were measured during incubation at $25^{\circ}C$. Water soluble phosphate content was highly correlated with available phosphate content, phosphorus absorption capacity (PAC), and phosphate absorbed (PS) in air-dried and wet soils. The most significant relationship was found between water soluble phosphate and the ratio of available phosphate and phosphate sorbed, and the relationship $0.01M\;CaCl_2-P=0.0828$ (Av. $P_2O_5/PS$)+0.0374 could be suggested for the estimation of water soluble phosphate from soil phosphorus characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 1995

The phosphate fractions and their relationships with other soil characteristics in greenhouse soils located on the southwest region in Korea were studied to demonstrate the possibility of the application of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. The average contents of organic matter of 4.0% and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg of 1.16, 3.4, and $1.2cmol\;kg^{-1}$ respectively were higher than the aiming level for improvement of low fertile soil. Especially, available $P_2O_5$ of $1,193mg\;kg^{-1}$ was far more than the aiming level. The distribution of greenhouse soils classified by their total P contents was 46.1% for the range of $1,000{\sim}2,000mg\;kg^{-1}$, 29.6% for $2,000{\sim}3,000mg\;kg^{-1}$, and 12.9% for $3,000{\sim}4,000mg\;kg^{-1}$. And the soils containing more than $1,000mg\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ occupied 63.0% of the examined soils. The main forms of inorganic phosphates in greenhouse soils were Ca-P and Fe-P. The P fractions compared to total P were significantly correlated to soil pH, while available P was not so. Available phosphate was significantly correlated with the contents of organic matter and nitrogen, which are closely related to soil microbial activity, at the probability level of less than 1%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2008

NIR spectroscopy is newly developed tools determining the soil properties. Phosphorus in soil is one of the most difficult and time consuming elements to assess for plant needs. The calibration coefficient(R) of NIR method for total phosphorus by $HClO_4$ and $Na_2CO_3$ P was 0.91 and 0.88, and available phosphorus by Lancaster and Bray 1. extractant was 0.88 and 0.82. According to Williams guidelines for the calibration coefficient, NIR method could also be used for estimating total and available phosphorus if one performed optimal calibration for predicting soil properties. Applicability of NIR spectra, if improved accuracy, may allow the use of soil testing.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1978

The increased application of phosphate on soybean grown in a newly cultivated hill-side field resulted: positive correlation phosphate content in soil and stem length. number of branches and yield. and between increased application of phosphate and yield and yield components. 46.2kg/10a of phosphate application out yielded by 69％ the nonapplied plot.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

The contents of total nitrogen(T-N), phosphate($T-P_2O_5$), and potash($T-K_2O$) are important factors to determine the application rate of the livestock compost to prevent nutrients accumulation and maintain their appropriate levels in arable lands. The concentrations of nutrient, organic matter, salt, water content, heavy metal in livestock compost in circulation were investigated with 659 samples from 2016 to 2017. In order to investigate the fluctuation nutrient contents of livestock composts with the same product name, 19 samples were collected and analyzed T-N, and $T-P_2O_5$, and $T-K_2O$ concentration during two years. The mean levels of T-N, $T-P_2O_5$, and $T-K_2O$ in livestock composts of from 2016 to 2017 were 1.73%, 1.88%, and 1.66%, respectively. The average contents of organic matter, water, and salt were 38.9%, 40.9%, and 1.2%, respectively. There were found that the maximum concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in some livestock composts were exceeded the criteria of the official standard of commercial fertilizer. The maximum variation coefficient of T-N, $T-P_2O_5$ and $T-K_2O$ content of livestock composts was found to be 24%, 27%, and 50% on average, respectively. In order to manage the nutrients in agricultural soils, it will be reasonable that the error range of T-N and $T-P_2O_5$ content in livestock composts should be recommended to be 27% in mean as variation coefficient in case of displaying the nutrient element in liverstock compost.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.348-353
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• 2008

With the aim to explore the possible role of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in soil, we conducted a survey of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms colonizing in upland and plastic film house soils. Soil EC, pH, organic matter, available phosphate, exchangeable cation such as potassium, calcium and magnesium, and total P of plastic film house soils were higher than those of upland soils. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria population was higher in plastic film house soils than upland soils, but species of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was more diverse in the upland soils than the plastic film house soils. There was significant positive correlation between phosphate solubilization and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in soils. Bacillus, Cedecea, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia spp. were isolated from upland soils and Bacillus and Cellulomonas spp. were from plastic film house soils.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.01a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2023

물환경정보시스템에서 하천의 수질을 측정한 자료를 대상으로 DMS(Digital Mosquito Monitoring System)가 설치된 위치와 수질 측정지 위치가 가까운 4개 지점에 대한 수질 측정 성분과 모기지수의 연관성을 분석하였다. 수질 기준 외 측정 성분과 모기지수의 상관관계는 총질소(T-N), 용존총질소(TDN), 인산염인이 연관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 중에서 인산염인은 모기지수와 양적 선형관계를 이루는데, 인산염은 수중에 부영양화를 일으키는 성분 중 하나다. 수질 측정지는 비료의 영향보다는 오수의 유입으로 인산염이 과잉공급되는 것으로 보였다. 따라서 매년 바뀌는 모기지수 산출식의 지연일자 데이터에 부영양화 지수를 넣음으로써 모기지수의 정확도를 보완할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1988

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the phosphorus status and define the relationship between composition of phosphorus forms and available phosphorus with 149 phosphorus accumulated soil samples. Distribution percentage of inorganic, organic and available phosphorous to total phosphorus were 68.9 (Saloid-p 2.7, Al-p 26.4, Fe-p 27.6, Ca-p 12.2%), 6.7 and 26.0%, respectively. In the relationship between available phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in soil, Al-p, Saloid-P, and Ca-P showed significant correlation with available phosphorus which did not showed significant one with Fe-p. Multiple liner regression equation between available and inoganic phosphorus abtained as follow, $Av.P=81.694+0.858Sa-p^{***}+0.648Al-p^{***}+0.091Ca-p^{**}(R=0.826^{***})$ and contribution rates of Saloid-p, Al-p, and Ca-p to available phosphorus were 26.1, 65.2, and 8.7%, respectively. Relationship between available and water soluble phosphorus, water soluble phosphorus and $0.01M-CaCl_2-p$ were highly significant, respectively, and soil solution P extracted with $0.01M-CaCl_2$ for 30 minutes was selected as one of usable diagnostic techniques for soil P status.