• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.664-669
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• 2001

The characteristics of dual coaxial jet which composed of inner supersonic nozzle of 26500 in constant expansion rate with 1.91 design Mach number and outer converging one with $40^{\circ}$ converging angle with the variation of outer nozzle stagnation pressures are experimentally investigated in this paper. In which the stagnation pressure for the inner supersonic nozzle is 750kPa thus, the inner jet leaving the nozzle is slightly underexpanded. The plenum pressures of outer nozzle are varied from 200 to 600kPa. Flow visualizations by shadowgraph method, impact pressure and centerline static pressure measurements of dual coaxial jet are presented. The results show that the presence of outer jet affects significantly the structures and pressure distributions of inner jet. And outer jet causes Mach disk which does not appear for the case of single jet stream. As the stagnation pressure of outer jet increases, impact pressure undulation is severe, but the average impact pressure keeps high far downstream.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.417-422
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• 2001

The shock structure of supersonic, dual, coaxial jet is experimentally investigated. Eight different kinds of coaxial, dual nozzles are employed to observe the major features of the near field shock structure of the supersonic, coaxial, dual jets. Four convergent-divergent supersonic nozzles having the Mach number of 2.0 and 3.0, and are used to compare the coaxial jet flows discharging from two sonic nozzles. The primary pressure ratio is changed in the range between 4.0 and 10.0 and the assistant jet pressure ratio from 1.0 to 4.0. The results obtained show that the impinging angle, nozzle geometry and pressure ratio significantly affect the near field shock structure, Mach disk location and Mach disk diameter. The annular shock system is found depending the assistant and primary jet pressure ratios.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1702-1710
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• 2001

Supersonic coaxial jets are investigated numerically by using the axisymmetric, Wavier-Stokes equations which are solved using a fully implicit finite volume method. Three different kinds of coaxial nozzles are employed to understand the flow physics involved in the supersonic coaxial jets. Two convergent-divergent supersonic nozzles are designed to have the same Mach number 2.0, and used to compare the coaxial jet flows with those discharging from one constant-area nozzle. The impingement angle of the annular jets are varied. The primary pressure ratio is changed in the range from 2.0 to 10.0 and the assistant jet ratio from 1.0 to 3.0. The results obtained show that the fluctuations of the total pressure and Mach number along the jet axis are much higher in the constant-area nozzle than those in the convergent-divergent nozzles, and the constant-area nozzle lead to higher total pressure losses, compared with the convergent-divergent nozzles. The assistant jets from the annular nozzle affect the coaxial jet flows within the distance less than about ten times the nozzle throat diameter, but beyond it the coaxial jet is conical with self-similar velocity profiles. Increasing both the primary jet pressure ratio and the assistant jet pressure ratio produces a longer coaxial jet core.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.416-423
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• 2011

본 연구는 주유동의 흐름과 동일한 방향으로 2차 유동을 분사하여 주유동의 방향을 제어하는, 동축류 유체역학적 추력방향제어기법에 관한 연구이다. 이는 유체역학 특징인 코안다 효과를 이용하는 기술이다. 주유동의 전압력은 설계노즐의 과팽창 조건인 300~790 kPa 이며 이차유동의 제어유동압력( 120~200 kPa )에 따른 제트편향각, 세부유동특성, 제어노즐 후방에서의 충격파에 따른 추력편향특성에 대하여 수치적, 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 바탕으로 초음속 제트유동의 방향을 변화시킬 수 있는 제어유동의 작동한계(0.15 < PR < 0.4)를 도출하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.739-742
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• 2002

The supersonic, dual, coaxial jet impinging upon a vertical flat plate has recently been applied to a variety of industrial manufacturing processes, since it has several advantages over a conventional supersonic impinging jet. In the present study, experimentation is carried out to investigate the effects of the impinging angle of the annular flow and the design Mach number on the flow field formed over the vertical flat plate. A convergent-divergent nozzle is used to obtain the inner jet flow, its design Mach number being changed between $1.0\;and\;2.0$. The outer annular nozzle has a constant area of the Mach number of 1.0, and its impinging angle of $0^{\circ}\;and\;20^{\circ}$. The primary jet pressure ratio is changed in the range from 6.0 to 10.0 and for the annular flow, the assistant jet pressure ratio is changed from 1.0 to 4.0. The distance between the dual, coaxial nozzle and flat plate is also changed. Detailed pressure measurements are conducted along the axis of the jet and on the flat plate as well. The impinging coaxial Jet flows are visualized using the Schlieren and Shadow optical methods. The results show that the flow field on the plate is not strongly dependent only on the primary and assistant pressure ratios but also the impinging angle of the annular nozzle.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1771-1776
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• 2003

The supersonic swirl jet is being extensively used in many diverse fields of industrial processes since those lead to more improved performance, compared with the conventional supersonic no swirl jet. In the present study, an experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of annular swirl jet on the supersonic dual coaxial jet. A convergent-divergent nozzle with a design Mach number of 1.5 is used for the supersonic primary jet, and the sonic nozzles with four tangential inlets are used to make the secondary swirl jet. The primary jet pressure ratio is varied in the range from 3.0 to 7.0 and the outer annular jet pressure ratio is from 1.0 to 4.0. The interactions between the annular swirl and the inner supersonic jet are quantified by the pitot impact and static pressure measurements and visualized by using the Schlieren optical method. The results show that annular swirl jet alters the shock structure and impact pressure distributions compared with no swirl jet.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2003년도 제20회 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.15-18
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• 2003

The present study addresses an experimental investigations of the near field flow structures of supersonic, dual, coaxial, swirl jet. The swirl stream is discharged from the secondary annular nozzle and the primary inner nozzle provides the sonic and supersonic free jets. The interactions between the secondary swirl and inner soni $c^ersonic jets are quantified by a fine pilot impact and static pressure measurements and are visualized by using a shadowgraph optical method. The pressure ratios of the secondary swirl and primary soni $c^ersonic jets are varied below 7.0. Experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of the secondary swirl stream on the primary sonic and supersonic jets, compared with the secondary stream of no swirl. The results show that the presence of annular swirl stream causes the Mach disk to move more downstream, with the increased diameter, and remarkably reduces the fluctuations of the impact pressures in the supersonic dual coaxial jet, compared with the case of the secondary annular stream of no swirl.swirl.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2010

A computational study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of supersonic (Mach 2.0) coaxial/off-axis jet's impingements on a slanted kerf surface in laser machining. The effects of various parameters such as gas pressure, distance between nozzle exit and kerf edge surface, and application of off-axis nozzles on the impingement phenomena of the assist-gas on kerf surface were observed. The present study showed that simply increasing the assist-gas pressure for coaxial supersonic nozzle was not effective to alleviate the strength of flow separation on kerf surface. It also presented the optimized operating condition of the coaxial nozzle to have the highest skin friction values over kerf surface.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2011

레이저가공에서 가공부위의 용융물질을 제거하는 보조가스의 역할을 살펴보기 위하여, 절단경사면에 충돌하는 초음속 동축/탈축노즐 유동의 특성이 실험적으로 관찰되었다. 보조가스의 압력, 노즐과 절단면과의 사이거리, 절단폭, 그리고 탈축노즐의 위치 등 다양한 관계변수의 변화에 대하여, 수백 개의 고해상도의 쉴러린 영상이 획득되었다. 그 결과, 단순한 보조가스의 증가가 절단면 하부에서 발생하는 유동박리를 제거하는데 효율적이지 않음이 관찰되었고, 절단폭의 증가와 탈축노즐의 운용으로 절단면에서의 박리현상을 경감시킬 수 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 음속노즐에 비하여 초음속노즐의 경우는 노즐출구와 가공면 사이의 사이거리가 절단면에서의 박리현상에 큰 영향을 미치지 않음이 관찰되었다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2000

Mach 1.8의 동축공기를 갖는 수소 난류 화산 화염의 특성을 이해하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 화염길이와 연료유동의 자취에 대한 직접사진, Acetone PLIF, Mie scattering, 수치해석법을 이용하여 화염의 구조를 분석하였다. 연료의 유속를 고정시켰을 때, 공기의 유속 증가에 따른 변화를 측정하였다. 아음속 화염의 길이는 급격히 감소한 반면, 초음속 화염의 길이는 완만하게 증가하였다. 또한 연료 노즐 립의 두께 변화에 따른 화염의 소염 특성을 관찰하였다. 노즐 립의 두께에 따라 화염 안정성이 증가하였는데 이는 초음속 화염의 안정화를 위한 최소 두께 값이 존재함을 나타낸다. 유동장 구조를 분석한 결과, 연료 제트가 고압영역에 가로 막혀서 축방향 모멘텀을 잃고, 저산란 영역이 만들어지는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 모멘텀을 잃은 연료가 재순환 영역을 따라 순환하면서 긴 체류시간을 갖기 때문에 예혼합 영역이 만들어 졌음이 밝혀졌다.